{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "slug": "war-and-peace-pg2600",
  "title": "War and Peace",
  "author": "Leo, graf Tolstoy and Aylmer Maude and Louise Maude",
  "language": "en",
  "spoilers": true,
  "characters": [
    {
      "name": "Professor Michael S. Hart",
      "aliases": [
        "Michael S. Hart"
      ],
      "description": "Named in the license as the originator of the Project Gutenberg concept and a producer and distributor of its eBooks."
    },
    {
      "name": "The writers of universal histories",
      "aliases": [
        "universal historians"
      ],
      "description": "Historians who explain events through interacting forces and people, yet, in the narrator’s account, fail to define power consistently."
    },
    {
      "name": "The historians of culture",
      "aliases": [
        "historians of culture"
      ],
      "description": "Writers who explain historical movements through intellectual activity, ideas, and culture. The narrator argues that they evade the question of power and do not explain the life of the peoples."
    },
    {
      "name": "The ancient historians",
      "aliases": [
        "the ancients"
      ],
      "description": "Historians who explained national events through divine guidance and the will of a chosen ruler."
    },
    {
      "name": "The biographical historians",
      "aliases": [
        "specialist historians"
      ],
      "description": "Historians who explain events through the will and power of individual rulers or heroes. The narrator says their accounts treat one authority as legitimate and rival powers as usurpations."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon",
      "aliases": [
        "Emperor Napoleon",
        "Buonaparte",
        "Bonaparte",
        "the man at the head of the movement"
      ],
      "description": "The French ruler whose rise and fall the narrator describes as shaped by forces beyond his intentions. His commands and the armies’ movements are used to examine power, historical events, and free will."
    },
    {
      "name": "Hercules",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A legendary figure invoked as an example of physical strength used to dominate others."
    },
    {
      "name": "Louis XI",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A French king cited as a ruler who held power over millions despite lacking exceptional moral qualities."
    },
    {
      "name": "Metternich",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A statesman cited as a ruler of millions who, in the narrator’s account, lacked exceptional moral qualities."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pugachëv",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Pugachëv"
      ],
      "description": "A rebel leader whose claim to represent the people’s will is questioned by the narrator."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon III",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A ruler whose changing status—from criminal after his capture at Boulogne to ruler who arrests others—is used to question theories of popular consent and power."
    },
    {
      "name": "The rulers of the Confederation of the Rhine",
      "aliases": [
        "the rulers of the Rhine Confederation"
      ],
      "description": "Rulers whose authority, the narrator asks, was transferred to Napoleon in 1806."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian people",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The people whose collective will the narrator asks whether it was transferred to Napoleon in 1809, when Russia allied with France against Austria."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Legitimist historians",
      "aliases": [
        "a Legitimist historian"
      ],
      "description": "Historians who regard the National Convention, the Directory, and Bonaparte as infringements of the true power."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Republican historians",
      "aliases": [
        "a Republican"
      ],
      "description": "Historians who regard the Convention as the real power and other governments as violations of it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Bonapartist historians",
      "aliases": [
        "a Bonapartist"
      ],
      "description": "Historians who regard the Empire as the real power and rival governments as violations of it."
    },
    {
      "name": "Louis XIV",
      "aliases": [
        "Louis the Fourteenth"
      ],
      "description": "The French king whose long reign is contrasted with the later executions of Louis XVI and Charles I."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ivan the Terrible",
      "aliases": [
        "Iván the Terrible"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian ruler whose reign ended peacefully despite the narrator’s account of his morally weak character; his correspondence with Kúrbski is also mentioned."
    },
    {
      "name": "Louis XV",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A French king whose reign is discussed in connection with the claim that Louis XIV’s policies later affected Louis XVI."
    },
    {
      "name": "Louis XVI",
      "aliases": [
        "Louis the Sixteenth"
      ],
      "description": "The French king executed by his people, contrasted with Louis XIV’s peaceful end."
    },
    {
      "name": "Charles I",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A king executed by his people, contrasted with rulers whose reigns ended peacefully."
    },
    {
      "name": "Charles X",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A French king included in the narrator’s account of rapid transfers of popular will among successive rulers."
    },
    {
      "name": "Louis Philippe",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A French king included in the narrator’s account of rapid transfers of popular will among successive rulers."
    },
    {
      "name": "Catherine",
      "aliases": [
        "Catherine the Great"
      ],
      "description": "A ruler whose court scandals, as recounted in biographies, are used to question whether a leader’s entire private life expresses the life of a nation."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s mistresses",
      "aliases": [
        "the mistresses"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed women whose lives are included in accounts of Louis XIV, Louis XV, and Louis XVI, which the narrator says do not explain popular movements."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s ministers",
      "aliases": [
        "the ministers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officials whose lives are included in accounts that the narrator says do not explain the peoples’ movements."
    },
    {
      "name": "Rousseau",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A writer whose suspicious character and books are discussed by cultural historians; the narrator argues that this does not explain the actions of peoples after the Reformation."
    },
    {
      "name": "Diderot",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A writer named among those whose lives do not explain the eastward movement of western European peoples."
    },
    {
      "name": "Beaumarchais",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A writer named among those whose lives do not explain the eastward movement of western European peoples."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Godfreys",
      "aliases": [
        "the Godfreys and the Louis-es"
      ],
      "description": "Leaders of the Crusades whose lives, the narrator argues, do not explain the mass movement of peoples toward the east."
    },
    {
      "name": "Peter the Hermit",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A preacher associated with the Crusades, whose role does not explain the movement of the crowds of people who traveled east."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Minnesingers",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Medieval poets whose history, the narrator argues, cannot cover the life and impulses of the peoples during the Crusades."
    },
    {
      "name": "The people who migrated west to east during the Crusades",
      "aliases": [
        "the peoples at the time of the Crusades",
        "the people"
      ],
      "description": "A mass of people who moved from west to east during the Crusades, including crowds of vagrants; the narrator says their motives remain unclear."
    },
    {
      "name": "The popes, kings, and knights who urged the Crusades",
      "aliases": [
        "popes, kings, and knights"
      ],
      "description": "Leaders who called on people to free the Holy Land, but whose appeals did not produce the expected popular response."
    },
    {
      "name": "Kúrbski",
      "aliases": [
        "Kurbsky"
      ],
      "description": "A correspondent of Ivan the Terrible, mentioned in connection with the movement of the Russian people eastward to Kazán and Siberia."
    },
    {
      "name": "The naturalists",
      "aliases": [
        "the naturalists and their followers"
      ],
      "description": "Scientists and their followers who explain human life through bodily and nervous activity. The narrator argues that their work addresses necessity but does not resolve the question of consciousness and freedom."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man who drowns another while trying to survive",
      "aliases": [
        "the sinking man"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical drowning man who clutches another person and drowns him; the example illustrates how knowledge of circumstances changes judgments of responsibility."
    },
    {
      "name": "The hungry mother who steals food",
      "aliases": [
        "the hungry mother"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical mother exhausted from feeding her baby who steals food; the example illustrates how circumstances affect judgments of freedom and guilt."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier who kills a defenseless man under orders",
      "aliases": [
        "the disciplined man on duty"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical soldier who kills a defenseless person at a command while on duty; the narrator uses him to show how circumstances alter judgments of responsibility."
    },
    {
      "name": "The criminal raised among malefactors",
      "aliases": [
        "the criminal"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical criminal whose upbringing among criminals is offered as an extenuating circumstance."
    },
    {
      "name": "The father or mother who sacrifices themselves",
      "aliases": [
        "the self-sacrificing parent"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical parent whose self-sacrifice is easier to understand when a possible reward is involved."
    },
    {
      "name": "The woman who falls into bad company",
      "aliases": [
        "the woman"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical woman whose misconduct is presented as less free when the circumstances and causes are understood."
    },
    {
      "name": "The drunkard",
      "aliases": [
        "the drunkard who relapses"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical person whose return to drunkenness appears less free when its causes are understood."
    },
    {
      "name": "The first man",
      "aliases": [
        "Adam"
      ],
      "description": "The first human being, whose fall and the emergence of the human race are mentioned in the discussion of freedom in time."
    },
    {
      "name": "Attila",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A historical leader whose caprice is rejected as an explanation for the renewal of the European world during the migrations of peoples."
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The astronomer whose law that the earth moves is used as an analogy for the proposed laws of history."
    },
    {
      "name": "Newton",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The scientist whose law of gravity is cited as an example of explaining a common law without claiming to know its ultimate cause."
    },
    {
      "name": "Voltaire",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A writer who used the laws of astronomy and gravitation as a weapon against religion, in the narrator’s account."
    },
    {
      "name": "Joshua son of Nun",
      "aliases": [
        "Joshua"
      ],
      "description": "The biblical figure whose miracle is mentioned in connection with religious objections to the laws of Copernicus."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bismarck",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A statesman whose crafty conduct is presented as the apparent cause of the Austro-Prussian war to contemporary observers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The men who haul a log",
      "aliases": [
        "the men hauling the log"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical group whose shared effort illustrates how one person’s suggestion may be mistaken for a command causing the collective action."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man whose suggestion matches the direction of the log",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the men hauling the log"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical worker whose opinion about where to haul a log happens to match the group’s action, making it appear that he commanded it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French people killing one another during the Revolution",
      "aliases": [
        "the French"
      ],
      "description": "People whose violence and later political justifications are used to show how explanations accompany collective events."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man murdered in the name of rights",
      "aliases": [
        "the man"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical victim killed by people who claim to recognize his rights, illustrating the contradictions of political justifications."
    },
    {
      "name": "The millions killed in Russia for England’s humiliation",
      "aliases": [
        "the millions"
      ],
      "description": "People said to have been killed in Russia under a justification involving the humiliation of England."
    },
    {
      "name": "The King of Prussia",
      "aliases": [
        "the king"
      ],
      "description": "A ruler whose decree, together with Bismarck’s, is said to lead an army into Bohemia."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bismarck’s army in Bohemia",
      "aliases": [
        "the army"
      ],
      "description": "An army said to enter Bohemia following decrees issued by the King of Prussia and Bismarck."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French who go to Mexico",
      "aliases": [
        "the French"
      ],
      "description": "People whose expedition to Mexico is used as an example of an event associated with Napoleon III’s decree."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French who submit to the Bourbons",
      "aliases": [
        "the French"
      ],
      "description": "People whose submission to the Bourbons is used as an example of an event associated with Alexander I’s command."
    },
    {
      "name": "The herd of cattle",
      "aliases": [
        "the herd"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical herd whose movement illustrates how observers may mistakenly attribute collective direction to whichever animal is at the front."
    },
    {
      "name": "The herdsman",
      "aliases": [
        "the driver of the herd"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical herdsman whose driving of cattle is one factor overlooked by observers who attribute the herd’s direction to its leading animal."
    },
    {
      "name": "The animal at the head of the herd",
      "aliases": [
        "the animal in front"
      ],
      "description": "An animal at the front of a hypothetical herd, used to illustrate the mistaken belief that a leader alone determines collective movement."
    },
    {
      "name": "The people who migrate, burn houses, abandon agriculture, and destroy one another",
      "aliases": [
        "the millions"
      ],
      "description": "The multitude whose activity, the narrator argues, is largely absent from histories focused on a few prominent individuals."
    },
    {
      "name": "The reformers",
      "aliases": [
        "the reformers and writers"
      ],
      "description": "Writers and reformers whose biographies explain their own thoughts and circumstances but, in the narrator’s account, not the lives of the peoples."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French people who guillotine one another",
      "aliases": [
        "the peoples during the French Revolution"
      ],
      "description": "People whose actions during the French Revolution are not explained by cultural histories of writers such as Luther and Rousseau."
    },
    {
      "name": "The laws of Kepler",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Astronomical laws invoked to show that recognizing any freely moving body would undermine the possibility of scientific laws."
    },
    {
      "name": "The laws of statistics",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Mathematical regularities in human actions, such as births and crimes, cited as evidence that human activity follows laws."
    },
    {
      "name": "The natural scientists who study human movements",
      "aliases": [
        "the naturalists"
      ],
      "description": "Scientists who seek laws in human activity by studying physical and social conditions; the narrator argues that their approach does not resolve the whole problem of free will."
    },
    {
      "name": "The plasterers in the church analogy",
      "aliases": [
        "the plasterers"
      ],
      "description": "Hypothetical workmen who, in their zeal, cover windows, icons, woodwork, and unfinished supports while plastering a church wall; the narrator uses them to criticize naturalists who ignore part of the problem."
    },
    {
      "name": "The chief superintendent of the church work",
      "aliases": [
        "the chief superintendent"
      ],
      "description": "An absent supervisor in the narrator’s analogy about plasterers who cover the windows and icons of a church."
    },
    {
      "name": "The frog",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An animal cited as an example in which observers can study muscular and nervous activity but not consciousness as it appears in humans."
    },
    {
      "name": "The rabbit",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An animal cited as an example in which observers can study muscular and nervous activity but not consciousness as it appears in humans."
    },
    {
      "name": "The ape",
      "aliases": [
        "the apes"
      ],
      "description": "An animal invoked in the discussion of human origins; the narrator argues that this does not resolve the relation between freedom and necessity."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "Monsieur Pierre",
        "Count Bezúkhov",
        "Count Peter Kirílych",
        "Comte Pierre Besouhoff",
        "Le russe Besuhof",
        "L’russe Besuhof",
        "Peter Kirílovich"
      ],
      "description": "Natásha’s husband and Nicholas’s brother-in-law. He returns from Petersburg, delights in caring for his infant son, and proposes that independent, honest men unite to support the public good. His nephew, young Nicholas Bolkónski, adores him and hopes to become learned, wise, and kind like him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old nurse who comforts Natásha",
      "aliases": [
        "the old nurse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed nurse who tells Natásha that Pierre has arrived and reassures her as she leaves the baby. Her familiarity with Natásha reflects their close household relationship."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pétya Bezúkhov",
      "aliases": [
        "Pétya",
        "their only boy"
      ],
      "description": "Pierre and Natásha’s infant son, whom Natásha nurses and Pierre lovingly dandles. He had been dangerously ill while Pierre was away but is now well."
    },
    {
      "name": "Vasíli Dmítrich Denísov",
      "aliases": [
        "Denísov",
        "the retired General Vasíli Dmítrich Denísov"
      ],
      "description": "Nicholas Rostóv’s old friend, now a retired general dissatisfied with the government. He is glad when Pierre returns and joins the family’s conversations, sharply criticizing current affairs."
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicholas Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "Nicholas",
        "young Rostóv",
        "Count Nicholas"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóvs’ eldest son and Princess Mary’s husband. He remains devoted to managing his estates and supporting his mother and family; he resists Pierre’s proposal for a society of independent men, insisting that his duty is to obey the government."
    },
    {
      "name": "Princess Mary Bolkónskaya",
      "aliases": [
        "Princess Mary",
        "Countess Mary"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Andrew’s sister and Nicholas Rostóv’s wife. She raises her nephew, young Nicholas Bolkónski, and worries that he is lonely and that she cannot love him as she loves her own children. She keeps a diary recording her children’s behavior and her thoughts on their upbringing."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young Prince Nicholas Andréevich",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Nicholas",
        "little Prince Nicholas",
        "Koko",
        "Nicholas"
      ],
      "description": "The fifteen-year-old son of Prince Andrew and Princess Mary. He adores his uncle Pierre and reveres his dead father, whom he cannot remember; Pierre’s political ideas stir him deeply, and he dreams of doing great deeds that would win his father’s approval."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dessalles",
      "aliases": [
        "M. Dessalles",
        "the Swiss tutor"
      ],
      "description": "The Swiss tutor to young Prince Nicholas. He urges the boy to come downstairs and sleeps in the boy’s room; Nicholas wakes him after a frightening dream."
    },
    {
      "name": "Little Andrew Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "Andrew",
        "their eldest boy",
        "Andrúsha"
      ],
      "description": "The eldest son of Nicholas Rostóv and Princess Mary. Pierre recalls hearing his laughter in the anteroom as a sign that all was well."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ three children",
      "aliases": [
        "their three children"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed children of Nicholas Rostóv and Princess Mary, who live with their parents, the old countess, and Sónya at Bald Hills. Their mother records their behavior in her diary."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old countess’s old lady companion",
      "aliases": [
        "Belóva"
      ],
      "description": "Belóva, an elderly unmarried woman living with the Rostóvs. She is the old countess’s companion, receives dress material from Pierre, and is often the pretext for the countess’s irritation."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old Countess Rostóva",
      "aliases": [
        "the countess",
        "Nataly Rostóva",
        "Nataly Shinshiná",
        "the old countess",
        "Mamma"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóv matriarch, now over sixty and grieving the deaths of her husband and son. She lives with her family, often repeats old stories, and relies on familiar routines and the household’s care."
    },
    {
      "name": "Sónya",
      "aliases": [
        "Sónya Rostóva",
        "Sophie",
        "Nicholas’s future wife"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóvs’ orphaned niece, once Nicholas’s beloved. She presides at the samovar during family tea."
    },
    {
      "name": "Natásha Rostóva",
      "aliases": [
        "Natáша",
        "the countess’s daughter Natáша"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóvs’ daughter and Pierre’s wife. She welcomes Pierre home with joy and reproaches him for his long absence, then resumes their affectionate life together; she nurses their infant son and cares for their family."
    },
    {
      "name": "The nurse of Pierre and Natásha’s baby",
      "aliases": [
        "the nurse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed nurse who receives Pétya when Natásha leaves to greet Pierre and helps care for the infant."
    },
    {
      "name": "Anna Makárovna",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed household woman who secretly knits two stockings at once for the children. Pierre helps make the stockings’ dramatic unveiling a source of delighted excitement."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mademoiselle Louise",
      "aliases": [
        "Mademoiselle Louise"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed governess who summons Princess Mary when her eldest son, Andrúsha, refuses to dress."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mítya",
      "aliases": [
        "Mitya"
      ],
      "description": "A young child in Nicholas and Princess Mary’s family who behaves naughtily at table. Nicholas withholds his pudding as punishment, and Mary notes that depriving children of sweets may increase their greed."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lisa",
      "aliases": [
        "Lisa"
      ],
      "description": "Pierre and Natásha’s eldest daughter, sitting on Natásha’s lap as Pierre sorts the presents he brought home."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Theodore",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Theodore"
      ],
      "description": "A prince who confers with Pierre in Petersburg about organizing honest men to counteract what they see as harmful government policies."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Sergéy",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Sergey"
      ],
      "description": "A man Pierre calls a fine and clever fellow while describing his proposed society of independent, honest men."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Alexander Golítsyn",
      "aliases": [
        "Alexander Golítsyn"
      ],
      "description": "A prince whom Nicholas says founded a society and gained influence. Pierre groups him with Arakchéev as part of the government."
    },
    {
      "name": "Arakchéev",
      "aliases": [
        "Síla Andréevich",
        "Minister of War",
        "Count Aléxis Andréevich"
      ],
      "description": "A trusted adviser to Emperor Alexander whom Pierre condemns as part of a harsh government. Nicholas says he would obey the government even if Arakchéev ordered him to lead troops against Pierre."
    },
    {
      "name": "Magnítski",
      "aliases": [
        "Monsieur Magnítski"
      ],
      "description": "A friend of Speránski and chairman of the Committee on Army Regulations, whom Pierre names among the powerful figures he criticizes."
    },
    {
      "name": "Gossner",
      "aliases": [
        "Gossner"
      ],
      "description": "A person whom Denísov mentions in connection with the Bible Society’s religious influence."
    },
    {
      "name": "Tatáwinova",
      "aliases": [
        "Tatáwinova"
      ],
      "description": "A woman whom Denísov mentions in connection with the religious circle around the Bible Society."
    },
    {
      "name": "Madame Kwüdener",
      "aliases": [
        "Madame Kwüdener"
      ],
      "description": "A woman whom Denísov says people must now associate with as part of the religious fashion in government circles."
    },
    {
      "name": "Sismondi",
      "aliases": [
        "Sismondi"
      ],
      "description": "An author whose books Nicholas is reading as part of his rule not to buy another book before reading those he already owns."
    },
    {
      "name": "Montesquieu",
      "aliases": [
        "Montesquieu"
      ],
      "description": "A political philosopher whose works Nicholas is reading."
    },
    {
      "name": "Platón Karatáev",
      "aliases": [
        "Platón",
        "Karatáev",
        "little falcon",
        "Platósha",
        "Platoche"
      ],
      "description": "Pierre’s deceased fellow prisoner, remembered for his kindness and simple wisdom. Young Nicholas has heard Pierre speak of him and wonders whether Karatáev would have approved of Pierre’s political ideas."
    },
    {
      "name": "Elias Mitrofánych",
      "aliases": [
        "the overseer"
      ],
      "description": "Nicholas Rostóv’s overseer, who reports that people are offering eighty thousand rubles for the forest on the Tambóv estate."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Andrew Bolkónski",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Andrew",
        "the wounded Bolkónski"
      ],
      "description": "Princess Mary’s brother and the deceased father of young Nicholas. The boy imagines him as a loving, approving presence and resolves to do something that would satisfy him."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mademoiselle Louise’s nursery maid",
      "aliases": [
        "the nurse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed nurse who helps Princess Mary get the other children up when Andrúsha refuses to dress."
    },
    {
      "name": "The three daughters of Pierre and Natásha",
      "aliases": [
        "their three daughters"
      ],
      "description": "Natásha and Pierre’s three unnamed daughters, born before their son. Lisa, their eldest, is mentioned by name in this passage."
    },
    {
      "name": "Adèle",
      "aliases": [
        "Adèle"
      ],
      "description": "A woman who repeatedly urged Pierre to buy Natásha a gold comb set with pearls."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Vasíli Kurágin",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Vasíli"
      ],
      "description": "A high-ranking courtier and Hélène’s father. The old countess asks Pierre whether Prince Vasíli has aged."
    },
    {
      "name": "Countess Mary Alexéevna",
      "aliases": [
        "Countess Mary Alexeyevna"
      ],
      "description": "A woman whose greetings and continued remembrance of the Rostóvs are mentioned by the old countess."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Iván",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Ivan"
      ],
      "description": "A person whose health Pierre is asked about during the old countess’s familiar conversation."
    },
    {
      "name": "Tugendbund",
      "aliases": [
        "the German Tugendbund"
      ],
      "description": "A German alliance of virtue that Pierre cites as an example of an association devoted to mutual aid and public welfare."
    },
    {
      "name": "Madame de Staël",
      "aliases": [
        "Madame de Staël"
      ],
      "description": "A writer whom the historian Gervinus names among the people whose activities contributed to the restoration of the Bourbons."
    },
    {
      "name": "Fichte",
      "aliases": [
        "Fichte"
      ],
      "description": "A thinker whom the historian Gervinus names among the people whose activities contributed to the restoration of the Bourbons."
    },
    {
      "name": "Chateaubriand",
      "aliases": [
        "Chateaubriand"
      ],
      "description": "A writer whom the historian Gervinus names among the people whose activities contributed to the restoration of the Bourbons."
    },
    {
      "name": "Louis XVIII",
      "aliases": [
        "Louis the Eighteenth"
      ],
      "description": "The French king who begins to reign after Napoleon’s abdication and exile to Elba."
    },
    {
      "name": "Gibbon",
      "aliases": [
        "Gibbon"
      ],
      "description": "A historian named among the modern historians whose work rests on assumptions about leaders and historical aims."
    },
    {
      "name": "Buckle",
      "aliases": [
        "Buckle"
      ],
      "description": "A historian whose rejection of the concept of power, the narrator argues, left him without another way to handle historical material."
    },
    {
      "name": "Thiers",
      "aliases": [
        "Thiers"
      ],
      "description": "A Bonapartist historian who says Napoleon’s power rested on virtue and genius; the narrator uses his account to illustrate conflicting explanations of historical power."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lanfrey",
      "aliases": [
        "Lanfrey"
      ],
      "description": "A Republican historian who says Napoleon’s power rested on trickery and deception, contradicting Thiers’s explanation."
    },
    {
      "name": "Gervinus",
      "aliases": [
        "Gervinus"
      ],
      "description": "A universal historian who attributes the campaign of 1813 and restoration of the Bourbons to a combination of people and forces, while also treating power as a cause."
    },
    {
      "name": "Schlosser",
      "aliases": [
        "Schlosser"
      ],
      "description": "A universal historian whom the narrator cites as illustrating contradictions in explanations of historical power."
    },
    {
      "name": "The universal historians",
      "aliases": [
        "the writers of universal history"
      ],
      "description": "Historians who explain events through interacting forces and people, yet, in the narrator’s account, often treat power as an additional unexplained cause."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French men and women of the Revolution",
      "aliases": [
        "the Frenchmen"
      ],
      "description": "The French people whose violence during the Revolution is presented as an example of the gap between ideas and historical action."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peoples of middle Europe",
      "aliases": [
        "the nations of middle Europe"
      ],
      "description": "The populations drawn into the eastward and later westward movements of the Napoleonic era."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French, German, and English peoples",
      "aliases": [
        "the French, German, or English people"
      ],
      "description": "Peoples whose welfare modern historians sometimes identify as the goal of history."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s allies who become his enemies",
      "aliases": [
        "all Napoleon’s allies"
      ],
      "description": "The rulers and forces that had allied with Napoleon but turn against him and join the coalition that defeats him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The historian of universal history who praises Talleyrand’s seating",
      "aliases": [
        "the historian"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed historian whose account credits Talleyrand with extending France’s frontiers by securing a particular seat at the Congress of Vienna."
    },
    {
      "name": "Talleyrand",
      "aliases": [
        "Talleyrand"
      ],
      "description": "A French diplomat whose conduct at the Congress of Vienna is cited as an example of the exaggerated causal claims made by historians."
    },
    {
      "name": "The writers of the books cited as causes of the Revolution",
      "aliases": [
        "certain men"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed writers whose books modern historians sometimes cite as causes of the French Revolution."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Parisian advocates of liberty and equality",
      "aliases": [
        "the couple of dozen men in Paris"
      ],
      "description": "A small group of unnamed men who spoke in favor of human freedom and equality near the end of the eighteenth century; the passage presents them as part of a simplified historical explanation."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Jewish, Greek, and Roman nations",
      "aliases": [
        "the ancient nations"
      ],
      "description": "Peoples whose divinely appointed aims ancient historians treated as stages in humanity’s progress."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Roman, Spanish, and French realms",
      "aliases": [
        "the realms"
      ],
      "description": "Polities whose greatness some modern historians treat as the goal toward which humanity is led."
    },
    {
      "name": "Caesar",
      "aliases": [
        "Caesars"
      ],
      "description": "A ruler named as an example of the individuals whose biographies cannot, by themselves, explain humanity’s movement."
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexander",
      "aliases": [
        "Alexander"
      ],
      "description": "Russia’s emperor, whose decisions and power are discussed as competing explanations for historical events."
    },
    {
      "name": "Martin Luther",
      "aliases": [
        "Luther"
      ],
      "description": "A historical figure named as an example of the individuals whose biographies cannot, by themselves, explain humanity’s movement."
    },
    {
      "name": "The kings and rulers described by modern historians",
      "aliases": [
        "monarchs"
      ],
      "description": "Rulers whom modern historians present either as leaders of the masses or as heroes with extraordinary capacities."
    },
    {
      "name": "The journalists described by modern historians",
      "aliases": [
        "journalists"
      ],
      "description": "People whom modern historians sometimes present as leaders of the masses."
    },
    {
      "name": "The advisers and other people influencing rulers",
      "aliases": [
        "advisers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed people whose influence universal historians add to the actions of rulers when explaining historical events."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s and Alexander’s historians of different nationalities",
      "aliases": [
        "historians of different nationalities and tendencies"
      ],
      "description": "Historians who give conflicting explanations of the same events, attributing them to different leaders and causes."
    },
    {
      "name": "The historians from Gibbon to Buckle",
      "aliases": [
        "modern historians"
      ],
      "description": "Historians whose accounts, despite differing arguments, the narrator says share assumptions about leaders and historical goals."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Frenchmen who submit to the Bourbons",
      "aliases": [
        "millions of Frenchmen"
      ],
      "description": "The French population whose submission to the Bourbons is used to illustrate the difficulty of deriving large historical outcomes from the actions of a few writers and statesmen."
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexander I",
      "aliases": [
        "the Emperor",
        "the sovereign",
        "Alexander"
      ],
      "description": "Russia’s ruler, who led the European countermovement against Napoleon after the 1812 invasion. The narrator presents his actions as part of a historical process whose ultimate purpose lies beyond human understanding; after the 1815 war, Alexander relinquishes power and says he wishes to live as an ordinary man and attend to his soul and God."
    },
    {
      "name": "Paul I of Russia",
      "aliases": [
        "Tsar Paul",
        "Paul"
      ],
      "description": "A former Russian ruler who recognizes Napoleon’s government, a decision the narrator treats as one of many circumstances that helped Napoleon gain power."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Duc d’Enghien",
      "aliases": [
        "the duc"
      ],
      "description": "A French nobleman whom Napoleon has executed; the narrator says the episode helped convince people that Napoleon’s power made his actions seem justified."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mack",
      "aliases": [
        "the Austrian general Mack",
        "General Mack"
      ],
      "description": "An Austrian general whose army surrenders to Napoleon without a battle, according to the narrator’s account of Napoleon’s rise."
    },
    {
      "name": "King of Prussia",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A monarch who sends his wife to seek Napoleon’s mercy as Napoleon’s power grows."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Emperor of Austria",
      "aliases": [
        "the Austrian Emperor",
        "Emperor Francis",
        "Emperor and King Francis",
        "His Majesty"
      ],
      "description": "The Austrian ruler who accepts Napoleon’s marriage alliance, allowing Napoleon to marry his daughter."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Pope",
      "aliases": [
        "the head of the Catholic Church",
        "the Holy Father"
      ],
      "description": "The head of the Catholic Church, whom the narrator says used religion to advance Napoleon’s power."
    },
    {
      "name": "Marie Louise",
      "aliases": [
        "Empress Marie Louise",
        "the Empress of Austria",
        "the Empress"
      ],
      "description": "The Austrian emperor’s daughter and Napoleon’s wife, whom the narrator says was given to Napoleon in marriage."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Ilyá Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "the count",
        "Ilyá",
        "Papa"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóv family’s genial patriarch and Natásha’s father. He dies in 1813 after the losses of the previous year, leaving debts twice the value of his property; Nicholas accepts the inheritance and its debts to honor his father’s memory."
    },
    {
      "name": "Countess Rostóva",
      "aliases": [
        "the countess",
        "Nataly Rostóva",
        "Nataly Shinshiná",
        "the old countess",
        "Mamma"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóv matriarch and mother of Natásha and Nicholas. After her husband’s death, she depends on Nicholas, struggles to understand their poverty, and lives with him, Sónya, and Princess Mary’s family."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mítenka",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The Rostóv household manager, who becomes one of Count Ilyá’s most exacting creditors after the count’s death because he holds promissory notes the count had given him as presents."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mademoiselle Bourienne",
      "aliases": [
        "M. Bourienne"
      ],
      "description": "Princess Mary’s French companion, who accompanies her when she visits Nicholas Rostóv in Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "Matthew Ermíshin",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant Matthew Ermíshin"
      ],
      "description": "A prosperous peasant farmer on Nicholas Rostóv’s estate, whose efficient work and overnight hauling of corn Nicholas admires."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Boguchárovo village elder succeeding Dron",
      "aliases": [
        "the village elder"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed village elder who takes Dron’s former position after Dron dies. Accused of dishonesty and irregularities, he is questioned and beaten by Nicholas Rostóv."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dron",
      "aliases": [
        "Drónushka",
        "Dron Zakhárych",
        "the village Elder",
        "the Minister"
      ],
      "description": "Boguchárovo’s former village Elder and overseer, respected by the old and young princes and feared by the peasants. He dies before the events described in Nicholas’s later management of the estate."
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicholas and Princess Mary’s three children",
      "aliases": [
        "their three children"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed children of Nicholas Rostóv and Princess Mary, who live with their parents, the old countess, and Sónya at Bald Hills."
    },
    {
      "name": "Little Natásha Rostóva",
      "aliases": [
        "Natásha",
        "Nicholas’s pet"
      ],
      "description": "The three-year-old daughter of Nicholas Rostóv and Princess Mary, her father’s favorite. She kisses his hand while he sleeps, then insists that he is laughing rather than sleeping."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre and Natásha’s children",
      "aliases": [
        "their children"
      ],
      "description": "Natásha and Pierre’s four children, including their longed-for son, whom Natásha is nursing in 1820."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wet nurse",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed woman who once cared for Pierre and Natásha’s first child. After Pierre expresses agreement with Rousseau’s view that wet-nursing is unnatural, Natásha insists on nursing their later children herself."
    },
    {
      "name": "The governess of Nicholas and Mary’s children",
      "aliases": [
        "their governess"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed governess who looks after Nicholas and Princess Mary’s children at Bald Hills."
    },
    {
      "name": "The tutor of Nicholas and Mary’s children",
      "aliases": [
        "their tutor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed tutor who teaches Nicholas and Princess Mary’s children at Bald Hills."
    },
    {
      "name": "The tutor of Princess Mary’s nephew",
      "aliases": [
        "his tutor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed tutor accompanying Princess Mary’s nephew at Bald Hills."
    },
    {
      "name": "Princess Mary’s nephew",
      "aliases": [
        "her nephew"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed nephew of Princess Mary, whose Ryazán village accounts Nicholas reviews because the property belongs to the boy."
    },
    {
      "name": "The unnamed son Count Ilyá asks to forgive him",
      "aliases": [
        "his absent son"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed son of Count Ilyá Rostóv, absent when the count is dying. The text does not establish his identity."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ acquaintances and relations at Count Ilyá’s death",
      "aliases": [
        "the throng of acquaintances"
      ],
      "description": "People who had often dined and danced at the Rostóvs’ house. They come to pay their respects after Count Ilyá’s death and recall him as a worthy man."
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicholas’s creditors",
      "aliases": [
        "the creditors"
      ],
      "description": "People and firms owed money by Count Ilyá Rostóv. After his death they enforce their claims against Nicholas, who accepts responsibility for the debts."
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicholas’s female relations",
      "aliases": [
        "his female relations"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed women in Nicholas’s family who suggest that he marry a wealthy woman to resolve his financial difficulties."
    },
    {
      "name": "The children at Bald Hills",
      "aliases": [
        "the children"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed children in the Rostóv household, playing at “going to Moscow” in a chair carriage when Princess Mary is upset."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old lady companion who plays patience",
      "aliases": [
        "the old gentlewoman in the Rostóvs’ house",
        "the old lady"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly woman living in the Rostóv household who plays patience with Countess Rostóva."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old Michael Ivánovich",
      "aliases": [
        "the late prince’s architect",
        "Michael Ivánovich"
      ],
      "description": "The late Prince Nicholas Bolkónski’s architect, now living in retirement at Bald Hills. He joins the household dinner there."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóv household at Bald Hills",
      "aliases": [
        "the whole household"
      ],
      "description": "The family and household members who gather for dinner at Bald Hills, including the old countess, Princess Mary, Nicholas, Sónya, Denísov, Natásha, and their children."
    },
    {
      "name": "The governess of Pierre and Natásha’s children",
      "aliases": [
        "their governess"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed governess who looks after Pierre and Natásha’s children."
    },
    {
      "name": "The unnamed village Elder under Nicholas",
      "aliases": [
        "the Boguchárovo elder"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man accused of dishonesty and irregularities who succeeds Dron as village Elder. Nicholas beats him during an interrogation, then changes his view of corporal punishment after Princess Mary’s distress."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Melyukóvs’ late husband",
      "aliases": [
        "Pelagéya Danílovna’s late husband"
      ],
      "description": "Pelagéya Danílovna’s deceased husband, whose dressing gowns and uniforms are worn by the family during the Christmas mumming."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young Prince Nicholas’s wet nurse",
      "aliases": [
        "the wet nurse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman who cares for the young Prince Nicholas during his fever and helps administer medicine."
    },
    {
      "name": "Praskóvya Sávishna",
      "aliases": [
        "Nurse Sávishna",
        "the nurse",
        "the old nurse"
      ],
      "description": "Princess Mary’s old nurse, who helps care for the young Prince Nicholas alongside his wet nurse."
    },
    {
      "name": "Emperor Alexander",
      "aliases": [
        "the Emperor",
        "the sovereign",
        "Alexander I",
        "Alexander"
      ],
      "description": "Russia’s ruler, whom the narrator describes as leading the European countermovement against Napoleon after the 1812 invasion. After the final war of 1815 he relinquishes power, saying he wishes to live as an ordinary man and attend to his soul and God."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid who brings the good news of Pierre’s arrival",
      "aliases": [
        "the old nurse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed nurse who enters Natásha’s room with a beaming face to announce that Pierre has arrived."
    },
    {
      "name": "The unnamed people visiting Bald Hills",
      "aliases": [
        "the visitors"
      ],
      "description": "Relations and guests who gather at Bald Hills for name days and birthdays, sometimes numbering about a hundred."
    },
    {
      "name": "The village elder succeeding Dron",
      "aliases": [
        "the Boguchárovo elder"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man who succeeds Dron as Boguchárovo’s village Elder and is accused of dishonesty and irregularities. Nicholas beats him during an interrogation; Princess Mary’s grief prompts Nicholas to recognize the wrong and promise to stop."
    },
    {
      "name": "The woman whom the narrator calls a “bee”",
      "aliases": [
        "the bee"
      ],
      "description": "An animal used as an example in the narrator’s discussion of how people assign purposes to living things. Its actions serve purposes beyond what any individual observer can fully understand."
    },
    {
      "name": "The child stung by a bee",
      "aliases": [
        "the child"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed child stung by a bee; the narrator uses the incident to illustrate how observers may mistake a single effect for the whole purpose of an event."
    },
    {
      "name": "The ram in the enclosure",
      "aliases": [
        "the ram"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical ram driven into a special enclosure to feed, becoming fatter than the others before being slaughtered. The narrator uses it to illustrate how events can serve purposes beyond the subjects’ understanding."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French Revolution’s leaders and parties",
      "aliases": [
        "the French parties"
      ],
      "description": "People and political factions in France whose collapse and rivalry, in the narrator’s account, helped carry Napoleon into power."
    },
    {
      "name": "The men who commit crimes in Africa",
      "aliases": [
        "the men"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French forces who commit violence against the largely unarmed inhabitants during Napoleon’s Egyptian expedition."
    },
    {
      "name": "The inhabitants of Africa under French invasion",
      "aliases": [
        "the almost unarmed inhabitants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed people subjected to French violence during Napoleon’s expedition in Africa."
    },
    {
      "name": "The rulers of France who submit to Napoleon",
      "aliases": [
        "the rulers of France"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French rulers who, in the narrator’s account, submit to Napoleon as their own power collapses."
    },
    {
      "name": "The allies who send Napoleon into exile",
      "aliases": [
        "the allies"
      ],
      "description": "European rulers and forces who defeat Napoleon, then send him to an island with guards and money rather than treating him as an outlaw."
    },
    {
      "name": "The diplomatists after the Napoleonic wars",
      "aliases": [
        "the diplomatists"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed diplomats who imagine they caused the great historical movement to subside, while the narrator depicts them as caught within larger forces."
    },
    {
      "name": "The historian judging Alexander",
      "aliases": [
        "the historian"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed historian who judges Alexander’s decisions according to a view of what is good for humanity; the narrator argues that such judgments change over time."
    },
    {
      "name": "The writers interpreting history",
      "aliases": [
        "each new writer",
        "the historians"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed historians and writers whose changing standards of good and bad lead them to conflicting judgments of historical figures and events."
    },
    {
      "name": "The people who praise Alexander’s constitution for Poland and the Holy Alliance",
      "aliases": [
        "some people"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed commentators who regard Alexander’s constitution for Poland and the formation of the Holy Alliance as praiseworthy."
    },
    {
      "name": "The people who blame Alexander’s constitution for Poland and the Holy Alliance",
      "aliases": [
        "others"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed commentators who regard Alexander’s constitution for Poland and the formation of the Holy Alliance as blameworthy."
    },
    {
      "name": "The men who prepare Napoleon for his role",
      "aliases": [
        "those around him"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed rulers and associates who, in the narrator’s account, reward or excuse Napoleon’s actions and help make him the figurehead of the European movement."
    },
    {
      "name": "The King of Prussia’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "his wife"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed queen who is sent by the King of Prussia to seek Napoleon’s mercy."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s brothers, stepsons, and brothers-in-law",
      "aliases": [
        "his ancestors, his brothers, his stepsons, and his brothers-in-law"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon’s unnamed relatives, whom the narrator says were also treated as great figures as part of the glorification surrounding him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The English who do not join the European movement",
      "aliases": [
        "England"
      ],
      "description": "The people of England, whose country the narrator says does not take part in the events leading to Napoleon’s invasion of Russia."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peoples of Central Europe",
      "aliases": [
        "the peoples"
      ],
      "description": "The populations who join the French-led western forces before the invasion of Russia and later join the countermovement westward."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peoples of western Europe",
      "aliases": [
        "the peoples of the west"
      ],
      "description": "The populations who form a military group and move east toward Moscow, then retreat westward."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peoples of eastern Europe",
      "aliases": [
        "the peoples of the east"
      ],
      "description": "The populations whose military group faces the westward movement toward Moscow; later the movement turns from east to west."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man who is called a genius by the rams",
      "aliases": [
        "the ram herdsman"
      ],
      "description": "A hypothetical herdsman who drives a ram into a special enclosure to feed. The narrator uses him to show how limited observers may mistake an ordinary role for genius."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French corporal refusing a second term",
      "aliases": [
        "a French corporal"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier used in the narrator’s earlier argument as an example of an individual choice among the countless acts shaping the war."
    },
    {
      "name": "The monarchs of Europe who recognize Napoleon",
      "aliases": [
        "all Europe’s rulers"
      ],
      "description": "European rulers who recognize Napoleon’s authority and self-given title after his victories."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Pope’s Catholic followers",
      "aliases": [
        "the nations"
      ],
      "description": "The peoples whose sacred beliefs the narrator says the Pope used to advance Napoleon’s power."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French soldiers who help Napoleon gain fame in Italy",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldiers of the army sent to Italy"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed troops whose military qualities help secure Napoleon’s early fame during the Italian campaign."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian armies absent from Napoleon’s Italian campaigns",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian armies"
      ],
      "description": "Russian forces that might have challenged Napoleon’s prestige in Italy but, for diplomatic reasons, arrive after he has left."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man who returns from Elba",
      "aliases": [
        "the man who returns to France"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon, who returns to France alone and without soldiers; the populace greets him despite having cursed him the previous day."
    },
    {
      "name": "The narrator",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The narrator reflects on the limits of historical judgment and argues that individuals and nations serve purposes beyond human understanding."
    },
    {
      "name": "Kutúzov",
      "aliases": [
        "Michael Ilariónovich Kutúzov",
        "General Kutúzov",
        "the commander in chief",
        "His Serene Highness",
        "the field marshal",
        "Granddad"
      ],
      "description": "The Russian commander in chief who led the defense of Russia and decided to abandon Moscow. In Vílna, Emperor Alexander criticizes his conduct of the pursuit and plans a new campaign; Kutúzov opposes another war and is gradually displaced before his death."
    },
    {
      "name": "Chichagóv",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Russian commander who meets Kutúzov in Vílna and hands him the town’s garrison report and keys. He had previously acknowledged to Emperor Alexander that Kutúzov deserved credit for securing peace with Turkey."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Tolstóy",
      "aliases": [
        "the grand marshal of the court"
      ],
      "description": "A senior court official who presents Kutúzov with the Order of St. George of the First Class on a silver salver. He later hosts a dinner and ball attended by the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "Konovnítsyn",
      "aliases": [
        "Peter Petróvich Konovnítsyn",
        "Konovnítsyn’s adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian general whose staff receives fresh appointments as the Emperor’s authority replaces Kutúzov’s. He rushes to tell Kutúzov that Alexander is arriving in Vílna."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Rostopchín",
      "aliases": [
        "Rostopchín"
      ],
      "description": "Moscow’s governor, Theodore Vasílyevich Rostopchín. After returning to Moscow, Pierre calls on him."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Volkónski",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Peter Mikháylovich Volkónski",
        "Prince Volkónski"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian prince and senior court official who accompanies Emperor Alexander to Vílna and is in the sleigh with him on arrival."
    },
    {
      "name": "Toll",
      "aliases": [
        "Count Toll",
        "Young Count Toll",
        "von Toll",
        "Captain von Toll"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian military adviser who receives a new appointment as Kutúzov’s staff is reconstructed and authority shifts to the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ermólov",
      "aliases": [
        "General Ermólov"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian general who receives a new appointment as Kutúzov’s staff is reconstructed and authority shifts to the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pétya Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "Pétya",
        "the count’s youngest boy"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóvs’ youngest son, killed during Denísov and Dólokhov’s attack. Pierre sees his body on the day he is rescued."
    },
    {
      "name": "Hélène",
      "aliases": [
        "Countess Bezúkhova",
        "Pierre’s wife"
      ],
      "description": "Pierre’s estranged wife, who dies while he is in captivity. He learns of her death from Denísov and later speaks of her with pity and remorse."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctors who treat Pierre in Orël",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctors"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed physicians who diagnose Pierre with bilious fever, bleed him, and give him medicines; he recovers after being ill for three months."
    },
    {
      "name": "Terénty",
      "aliases": [
        "Pierre’s servant"
      ],
      "description": "One of Pierre’s servants, who comes from Moscow to attend him during his recovery in Orël. He enjoys talking with Pierre about Moscow and the old count."
    },
    {
      "name": "Váska",
      "aliases": [
        "Pierre’s servant"
      ],
      "description": "One of Pierre’s servants, who comes from Moscow to attend him during his recovery in Orël."
    },
    {
      "name": "The eldest princess in Pierre’s household",
      "aliases": [
        "the eldest princess",
        "Pierre’s cousin",
        "Countess Bezúkhov’s eldest niece",
        "Catherine Semënovna",
        "Catiche"
      ],
      "description": "Pierre’s cousin, who comes from his estate at Eléts to nurse him during his illness in Orël. She becomes unexpectedly fond of him, though she later says she has heard of Natásha’s past and of the proposed match with Nicholas Rostóv."
    },
    {
      "name": "Willarski",
      "aliases": [
        "Count Willarski",
        "the young Polish count"
      ],
      "description": "A Polish Freemason who introduced Pierre to the lodge in 1807. He visits Pierre in Orël, where he holds a temporary commissariat post, and later travels with him toward Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young Italian prisoner",
      "aliases": [
        "the Italian officer"
      ],
      "description": "A young Italian officer held among the French prisoners in Orël. He visits Pierre, tells him about his life and love, and expresses outrage at France and Napoleon; Pierre plans to find a way to give him money."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French colonel asking Pierre for money",
      "aliases": [
        "the French prisoner, a colonel"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French colonel held in Orël who asks Pierre for four thousand francs for his wife and children. Pierre refuses his demand."
    },
    {
      "name": "The head steward of Pierre’s estates",
      "aliases": [
        "the chief steward",
        "Pierre’s steward"
      ],
      "description": "Pierre’s estate manager, who visits him in Orël and estimates the losses from the burning of Moscow. He advises Pierre not to pay Hélène’s debts or rebuild his houses, but Pierre later decides to do both."
    },
    {
      "name": "Savélich",
      "aliases": [
        "Pierre’s servant"
      ],
      "description": "Pierre’s attentive servant, who comes from Moscow to Orël and later brings an account of the damage there. He helps Pierre prepare for travel, though Pierre postpones his departure for Petersburg."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mary Abrámovna",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A woman who invites Pierre to her house and tells him what happened, or supposedly should have happened, during his captivity."
    },
    {
      "name": "Stepán Stepánych",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An acquaintance who instructs Pierre on how he ought to recount his experiences."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Chief of Police in Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the Chief of Police"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official who asks Pierre to send a representative to the Faceted Palace to recover property being returned to its owners."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasants returning to Moscow with carts",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasants who came with empty carts"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed peasants who return to Moscow to collect abandoned property. The authorities stop them and put them to work carrying corpses out of the city."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ney",
      "aliases": [
        "Marshal Ney",
        "the Duke of Elchingen"
      ],
      "description": "A French marshal who escapes to Orshá by night, abandoning his standards, artillery, and most of his men. The narrator criticizes historians for praising this as greatness."
    },
    {
      "name": "Tormásov",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Russian general named among the commanders historians blame for failing to capture the French during their retreat. The narrator argues that capturing Napoleon’s army was neither a real aim nor a feasible one."
    },
    {
      "name": "Milorádovich",
      "aliases": [
        "Miloradovich"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian general whose envoys demand the surrender of French troops at Krásnoe. The narrator criticizes his delays and failure to carry out orders, while also noting that historians dwell on his words and supposed maneuvers."
    },
    {
      "name": "Wittgenstein",
      "aliases": [
        "General Wintzingerode"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander whose army joins Kutúzov’s forces. The narrator describes the proposed junction of Wittgenstein, Chichagóv, and Kutúzov as exceedingly unlikely to happen on time."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian army pursuing the French",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian army"
      ],
      "description": "Russian forces pursue the retreating French from Tarútino toward Krásnoe and beyond. Exhaustion, cold, hunger, and disease reduce their numbers by half before Krásnoe, and the narrator says their aim was to free Russia rather than capture Napoleon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French army",
      "aliases": [
        "the French"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon’s retreating army, whose soldiers flee in disorder and suffer from hunger and cold. The narrator describes its destruction as largely caused by the conditions of its flight, while at Krásnoe many surrender and are captured."
    },
    {
      "name": "Murat",
      "aliases": [
        "the vice-King",
        "the King of Naples"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon’s brother-in-law and a French marshal. Russian officers propose a flank march to capture him during the pursuit."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Eugène of Württemberg",
      "aliases": [
        "Eugène of Württemberg"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander who fires on the fleeing French from a hill near Krásnoe and asks for reinforcements, which do not arrive."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldiers at Krásnoe",
      "aliases": [
        "the cavalry",
        "the troops"
      ],
      "description": "Exhausted Russian troops who pursue the French at Krásnoe. Many French surrender to them, but the narrator presents the Russians as driven by necessity rather than by the commanders’ plans."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French prisoners at Krásnoe",
      "aliases": [
        "the prisoners",
        "the column"
      ],
      "description": "Thousands of starving, frostbitten French soldiers captured at Krásnoe, many of whom surrender as the Russians approach."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldier who pats a French prisoner",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian soldier whom Kutúzov sees laughingly pat a French prisoner on the shoulder in a friendly manner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French soldier with sores",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier with his face covered with sores"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French prisoner who tears at raw flesh near the road and turns away with a malevolent expression when Kutúzov looks at him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The other French soldier eating raw flesh",
      "aliases": [
        "the second French soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French prisoner who tears and eats raw flesh beside the soldier with sores."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general reporting captured guns and prisoners",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the generals"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian general who reports to Kutúzov where the guns and prisoners were captured."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers carrying captured standards",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldiers carrying the standards"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian soldiers carrying French standards, who are signaled to advance and surround Kutúzov at the Preobrazhénsk regiment."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldiers listening to Kutúzov",
      "aliases": [
        "the brothers",
        "the lads"
      ],
      "description": "Russian troops gathered around Kutúzov at Krásnoe. They respond with cheers when he thanks them and urges them to endure, while acknowledging the humanity of the French prisoners."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general asking about Kutúzov’s calèche",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the generals"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian general who asks Kutúzov whether his carriage should be sent for after his address to the troops."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian regimental commander at the night halt",
      "aliases": [
        "the regimental commander"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed commander of an infantry regiment reduced from three thousand men to nine hundred. He occupies the only available hut and later discusses the next day’s maneuvers with his chief officers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The quartermasters at the night halt",
      "aliases": [
        "the quartermasters"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officials who tell an arriving Russian regiment that the village huts are full of sick and dead Frenchmen."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian sergeant major who breaks up the noise",
      "aliases": [
        "the sergeant major"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed sergeant major who strikes a soldier and orders the men hauling a wattle wall to quiet down because officers are nearby."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier struck by the sergeant major",
      "aliases": [
        "the first man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier whose face is scratched and bloodied when he falls against the wattle wall after the sergeant major strikes him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers hauling the wattle wall",
      "aliases": [
        "the men"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian soldiers who tear down and drag a wattle wall through the village to build shelter at their campfire."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers of the Sixth Company",
      "aliases": [
        "the Sixth Company"
      ],
      "description": "Russian soldiers who join the men hauling the wattle wall when asked for help."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian officers planning the next day’s maneuver",
      "aliases": [
        "the chief officers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officers who gather in the regimental commander’s hut and discuss a proposed flank march to capture Murat."
    },
    {
      "name": "The red-haired, red-faced soldier at the Eighth Company fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the red-haired man"
      ],
      "description": "A robust unnamed soldier who informally orders weaker men to fetch wood and teases a young soldier about his worn boot."
    },
    {
      "name": "Makéev",
      "aliases": [
        "Makéev"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian soldier called by the red-haired man to fetch more wood at the Eighth Company fire."
    },
    {
      "name": "Jackdaw",
      "aliases": [
        "the sharp-nosed soldier"
      ],
      "description": "A thin, sharp-nosed Russian soldier nicknamed Jackdaw who fetches wood and tells a sergeant major he is too weak to keep up and should be sent to hospital."
    },
    {
      "name": "Petróv",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier who lagged behind"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian soldier who has fallen behind the regiment, according to the sergeants major."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young soldier who dances at the fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the dancer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, handsome Russian soldier who brings wood, dances, and sings by the campfire. He recounts seeing captured French soldiers and asks one whose subject he was."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old soldier who rebukes talk of frozen feet",
      "aliases": [
        "the old soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed veteran who reproaches a soldier for complaining about frozen feet and later says Borodinó was the only battle worth remembering."
    },
    {
      "name": "The sergeant majors at the Eighth Company fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the two sergeants major",
        "the sergeant major"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed Russian sergeants major who sit with the soldiers by the campfire and discuss missing men and the hardships of marching."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldier who tells the story of the dead",
      "aliases": [
        "the man who wondered at their whiteness"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier who recounts what a peasant near Mozháysk said about the contrasting condition of the French and Russian dead after Borodinó."
    },
    {
      "name": "Kiselëv",
      "aliases": [
        "Kiselëv"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian soldier who tells an improbable story that Plátov captured Napoleon, only for Napoleon to turn into a bird and escape."
    },
    {
      "name": "Plátov",
      "aliases": [
        "Platoff"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander mentioned in a soldiers’ campfire tale claiming he captured Napoleon twice, though the tale says Napoleon magically escaped."
    },
    {
      "name": "Morel",
      "aliases": [
        "Ramballe’s orderly"
      ],
      "description": "Captain Ramballe’s French orderly, who emerges from hiding with him in the forest. The Russian soldiers give him food and vodka, and he becomes jovial and sings with them by the campfire."
    },
    {
      "name": "Captain Ramballe",
      "aliases": [
        "M. Ramballe",
        "the exhausted French officer",
        "the French officer"
      ],
      "description": "A French officer found exhausted and ill in the forest with his orderly Morel. Russian soldiers carry him to a hut to warm him, and he addresses them as kind friends."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian officer who asks the colonel to shelter Ramballe",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian officer who asks his colonel whether Ramballe can be taken into a hut to warm him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian colonel at the Fifth Company fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the colonel"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian colonel who orders that the exhausted French officer Ramballe be brought to his hut."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldier who jokes with Ramballe",
      "aliases": [
        "the jesting soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian soldier who mockingly asks Ramballe whether he will do it again, then is rebuked by his comrades."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian singer and wag at the fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the singer and a wag"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian soldier who embraces Morel, learns the tune of his French song, and entertains the company."
    },
    {
      "name": "Zaletáev",
      "aliases": [
        "Zaletáev"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian soldier who struggles to imitate the French lyrics Morel sings, prompting laughter from the others."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers at the Fifth Company fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Russian soldiers who welcome the two Frenchmen from the forest with food and warmth. They laugh and sing with Morel, while some older men watch with quiet sympathy."
    },
    {
      "name": "Esaul Lováyski the Third",
      "aliases": [
        "Esaul Lováyski",
        "Michael Feoklítych",
        "the esaul"
      ],
      "description": "A composed Cossack captain in Denísov’s party. He scouts the French camp with Denísov and Pétya and helps plan the attack."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young officer in a blue French overcoat",
      "aliases": [
        "the young officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian officer on a small Kirghíz horse who carries out adjutant duties for Denísov. He is sent to find Dólokhov and later reports that Dólokhov is coming."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant guide with Denísov’s party",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant guide",
        "the peasant in the knitted cap"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed guide who leads Denísov, Pétya, and the esaul through the forest to a vantage point overlooking the French camp."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French drummer boy",
      "aliases": [
        "the little drummer boy",
        "the prisoner",
        "Vincent Bosse",
        "Vesénny",
        "Vesénya"
      ],
      "description": "A young French drummer captured by Denísov’s party. Pétya treats him kindly and asks that he be fed; Denísov keeps him with the band rather than sending him away with the other prisoners."
    },
    {
      "name": "Tíkhon Shcherbáty",
      "aliases": [
        "Tíkhon",
        "Shcherbáty",
        "the peasant sent to capture a tongue",
        "the plastún"
      ],
      "description": "A peasant from Pokróvsk who becomes one of Denísov’s most useful guerrillas, known for his strength, courage, and skill at capturing or killing Frenchmen. Sent to seize a prisoner for information, he escapes French pursuers and returns without the captive Denísov wanted."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French soldiers pursuing Tíkhon",
      "aliases": [
        "the French"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French soldiers who discover Tíkhon near their camp and fire at him as he escapes through a stream and marsh."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French prisoner Tíkhon first captured",
      "aliases": [
        "the general’s son"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French soldier whom Tíkhon says he captured at dawn but did not bring back because he seemed unhelpful. Tíkhon reports that the man claimed to be a general’s son and said the French detachment was poorly equipped."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dólokhov",
      "aliases": [
        "the gentleman ranker",
        "the soldier in the blue greatcoat",
        "the officer Dólokhov",
        "Dólokhov the Persian"
      ],
      "description": "A daring Russian guerrilla commander who reconnoiters the French camp in disguise with Pétya. He returns safely and leads the attack, then oversees the captured Frenchmen with cold severity."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French sentinel on the bridge",
      "aliases": [
        "the sentinel"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French guard who challenges Dólokhov and Pétya for the password as they approach the French camp in disguise. Dólokhov bluffs his way past him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French soldier carrying a sack",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier with a sack over his shoulder"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French soldier whom Dólokhov stops for directions to the camp officers. He answers simply and points them toward the landowner’s house."
    },
    {
      "name": "The tall, long-necked French officer",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer with the long neck"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer who mistakes Dólokhov for someone named Clément before questioning him at the campfire."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French officer speaking from behind the fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the voice from behind the fire"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer who jokes that Dólokhov and Pétya have missed the evening soup."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French officer wrapped in a greatcoat",
      "aliases": [
        "the French officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer who rises and whispers to a companion after Dólokhov laughs about shooting prisoners."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier stirring the French camp pot",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier in a peaked cap and blue overcoat"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French soldier tending a pot by the campfire. Dólokhov hands him the horses while he questions the officers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack accompanying Dólokhov",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack who accompanies Dólokhov and Pétya to the French camp and waits with the horses."
    },
    {
      "name": "Likhachëv",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack under the wagon"
      ],
      "description": "A Cossack in Denísov’s party who sharpens Pétya’s saber before the attack. Pétya gives him a ruble and treats him as a trusted companion."
    },
    {
      "name": "The hussar who takes the cup",
      "aliases": [
        "the hussar"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed hussar who comes to the wagons at night to retrieve a cup."
    },
    {
      "name": "The gray-blue bandy-legged dog",
      "aliases": [
        "the little dog in the prisoners’ shed",
        "the dog"
      ],
      "description": "A dog that chose Platón Karatáev as its master and travels with the prisoners. After Karatáev is shot, it howls; it later appears beside a Russian prisoner and is reunited with Pierre."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian prisoner pushed away from the fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the prisoner"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian soldier whom a Frenchman shoves away from the campfire. He sits beside the blue-gray dog that later reunites with Pierre."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Frenchman roasting meat",
      "aliases": [
        "the French soldier with red hands"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French soldier who pushes a Russian prisoner away from the fire and roasts meat as Pierre wakes."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French soldiers who shoot prisoners left behind",
      "aliases": [
        "the escort"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French soldiers who shoot prisoners unable to keep pace during the march. They also shoot Platón Karatáev after leaving him by the road."
    },
    {
      "name": "The marshal passing the prisoners",
      "aliases": [
        "the marshal"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French marshal who rides past the prisoner column in a carriage. Pierre thinks he sees sympathy in the marshal’s glance."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general in charge of the stores",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French general who rides after the marshal’s carriage during the march."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two French soldiers who run past Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French soldiers who pass Pierre after Karatáev is shot; one carries a smoking gun, and both appear shaken."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old merchant in Platón’s story",
      "aliases": [
        "the merchant"
      ],
      "description": "A fictional, God-fearing merchant who is wrongly convicted of murder and sent to hard labor in Siberia. Years later, the true murderer confesses, but the merchant dies before the Tsar’s pardon arrives."
    },
    {
      "name": "The rich merchant murdered in Platón’s story",
      "aliases": [
        "the murdered merchant"
      ],
      "description": "A fictional wealthy merchant found murdered at an inn while traveling with the old merchant."
    },
    {
      "name": "The murderer in Platón’s story",
      "aliases": [
        "the true murderer"
      ],
      "description": "A fictional convict who confesses that he murdered the rich merchant and framed the old merchant, leading the Tsar to order the old man’s release."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old merchant’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "his old wife"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed wife of the merchant in Platón’s story, whom he laments leaving behind when he is sent to Siberia."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old merchant’s children",
      "aliases": [
        "the children"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed children of the merchant in Platón’s story, whom he worries about while imprisoned."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old geography teacher",
      "aliases": [
        "the old teacher"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, kindly Swiss teacher from Pierre’s youth who appears in his dream and explains life through the image of a living, changing globe."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian Tsar in Platón’s story",
      "aliases": [
        "the Tsar"
      ],
      "description": "The ruler who, in Platón’s tale, orders the old merchant’s release and compensation after the murderer confesses."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian prisoners rescued at Shámshevo",
      "aliases": [
        "the prisoners"
      ],
      "description": "Russian prisoners freed during Denísov and Dólokhov’s attack. They weep and embrace the Cossacks and hussars who offer them clothes, boots, and bread."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French senior officer surrendering at Shámshevo",
      "aliases": [
        "the senior French officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer who comes out of the landowner’s house with a white handkerchief tied to his sword and announces that his troops surrender."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack counting prisoners",
      "aliases": [
        "Dólokhov’s Cossack"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack who counts the disarmed French prisoners beside Dólokhov, marking each hundred on the gate."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French marshal whose baggage train follows the prisoners",
      "aliases": [
        "the marshal"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French marshal whose baggage train travels with the prisoner column."
    },
    {
      "name": "Junot",
      "aliases": [
        "Marshal Junot"
      ],
      "description": "A French marshal whose large baggage train travels behind Pierre’s prisoner column, escorted by Westphalian troops."
    },
    {
      "name": "Berthier",
      "aliases": [
        "the chief of staff"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon’s chief of staff, who reports in a letter that the French army is disorganized, exhausted, and losing men and equipment on the march."
    },
    {
      "name": "Davout",
      "aliases": [
        "Marshal Davout",
        "Prince d’Eckmühl"
      ],
      "description": "A French marshal whose corps follows Murat’s in the retreat near Krásnoe. Stragglers from his corps raid wagons in the prisoner convoy."
    },
    {
      "name": "The German soldier executed for the silver spoon",
      "aliases": [
        "the German soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed German soldier in Marshal Junot’s baggage escort who is shot by the marshal’s order after a silver spoon is found in his possession."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French prisoners counted at Shámshevo",
      "aliases": [
        "the disarmed Frenchmen"
      ],
      "description": "French soldiers captured in the attack at Shámshevo and counted as they pass Dólokhov."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russians who capture the French wagons",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossacks"
      ],
      "description": "Russian Cossacks who capture much of the French hardtack and baggage on the retreat from Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French prisoners who escaped from Dorogobúzh",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier prisoners"
      ],
      "description": "Several unnamed Russian prisoner-soldiers who tunnel out of a stable at Dorogobúzh but are recaptured and shot."
    },
    {
      "name": "Milanos",
      "aliases": [
        "the French"
      ],
      "description": "A party of French prisoners sent with a receipt after their capture by Denísov’s detachment; the text does not establish an individual identity."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French corporal who speaks with Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "the corporal"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French corporal who talks with Pierre in the prisoners’ shed and previously accepted Pierre’s intervention in a fight between prisoners and French soldiers. During the evacuation, he returns in marching gear and shuts the shed door without answering Pierre’s plea for the sick Sokolóv."
    },
    {
      "name": "The prisoners who ask Pierre about the corporal",
      "aliases": [
        "some of the prisoners"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed fellow prisoners who ask Pierre what the French corporal said about the army leaving Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The thin French soldier who asks for Platón",
      "aliases": [
        "the Frenchman who had Platón sew a shirt"
      ],
      "description": "A thin, sallow French soldier who asks Pierre for the shirt Platón Karatáev has sewn. He pays for it, then returns the leftover linen when he realizes Platón meant to keep it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The sick soldier Sokolóv",
      "aliases": [
        "Sokolóv"
      ],
      "description": "A thin, emaciated Russian prisoner suffering from dysentery. He fears being left behind when the French evacuate Moscow, but the escort refuses Pierre’s pleas to take care of him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two French soldiers who come to close the shed",
      "aliases": [
        "the two soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French soldiers accompanying the corporal to shut the prisoners’ shed before the evacuation."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French captain who orders the prisoners onward",
      "aliases": [
        "the captain",
        "the officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer who had earlier assured Pierre he would help him. During the evacuation he refuses to delay the prisoners for Sokolóv and orders them to keep moving."
    },
    {
      "name": "The fat major among the officer prisoners",
      "aliases": [
        "the major"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian major in a Kazán dressing gown who complains about the march and the other prisoners’ jostling."
    },
    {
      "name": "The thin little officer among the prisoners",
      "aliases": [
        "the thin little officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian officer who speculates with the other prisoners about where they are being taken."
    },
    {
      "name": "The commissariat officer among the prisoners",
      "aliases": [
        "the official in felt boots"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian officer in a commissariat uniform who loudly identifies the burned parts of Moscow as the prisoners pass."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Polish officer among the prisoners",
      "aliases": [
        "the third officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian officer whose accent is Polish; he disputes the commissariat officer’s identifications of Moscow’s districts."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldier who escapes during the evacuation",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier who pretended to suffer from colic"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian prisoner who feigns colic and escapes during the confusion of the French departure from Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldier beaten by a Frenchman",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian prisoner whom a French soldier beats for straying too far from the road."
    },
    {
      "name": "The noncommissioned officer threatened with court-martial",
      "aliases": [
        "the noncommissioned officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French NCO whom the captain threatens with court-martial after a Russian prisoner escapes."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man whose body is set against the church palings",
      "aliases": [
        "the dead man smeared with soot"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man whose soot-smeared body is propped against a church fence in Moscow. His death provokes horror and disgust among the passing prisoners."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer commanding the prisoner escort",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer commanding the escort"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer who eventually forces the prisoner column through the congested baggage trains and onto the Kalúga road."
    },
    {
      "name": "The German wounded by a sword during the halt",
      "aliases": [
        "the German"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed German in the French evacuation column who is badly wounded in the head during a fight among the carts."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French guards who drive the prisoners from the church",
      "aliases": [
        "the convoy guards",
        "the French soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French escort soldiers who curse the prisoners and drive them away from the soot-smeared corpse."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French convoy troops",
      "aliases": [
        "the convoy"
      ],
      "description": "French soldiers and baggage personnel evacuating Moscow with the prisoners. Their march is chaotic, and the escort’s treatment of the prisoners grows harsher."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French women fleeing Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the women in the three carriages"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed women in brightly colored clothing who ride in carriages among the French transport as the army leaves Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French sentinel who stops Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "the sentinel"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French guard who orders Pierre back when he tries to visit the common soldier prisoners."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man who approaches Pierre laughing",
      "aliases": [
        "the inquisitive man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man who comes to see why Pierre is laughing alone beside a cart during the night halt."
    },
    {
      "name": "The envoy sent by Napoleon to Kutúzov in October",
      "aliases": [
        "another envoy"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French envoy who brings Napoleon’s peace proposal to Kutúzov."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dokhtúrov",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Russian general whose quiet reliability repeatedly puts him in command where the fighting is hardest. Kutúzov sends him to attack near Formínsk; when the whole French army unexpectedly arrives there, Dokhtúrov seeks instructions rather than acting without orders."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dórokhov",
      "aliases": [
        "Dórokhov’s guerrilla detachment"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian guerrilla commander whose report identifies French troops near Formínsk and prompts a proposed attack. He later plans with Denísov to capture a French convoy."
    },
    {
      "name": "Broussier",
      "aliases": [
        "General Broussier",
        "Broussier’s division"
      ],
      "description": "A French general whose division is initially reported near Formínsk and targeted by a Russian detachment. The whole French army later arrives there."
    },
    {
      "name": "Figner",
      "aliases": [
        "Figner’s guerrilla detachment"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian guerrilla commander whose detachment is under Dokhtúrov’s command near Formínsk."
    },
    {
      "name": "Seslávin",
      "aliases": [
        "Seslávin’s guerrilla detachment"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian guerrilla commander who brings Dokhtúrov a captured French guardsman and news that Napoleon and the whole French army are at Formínsk."
    },
    {
      "name": "The captured French guardsman",
      "aliases": [
        "the French prisoner"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French guardsman captured by Seslávin. He tells the Russians that Napoleon is at Formínsk and the French army has left Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The house serf from Bórovsk",
      "aliases": [
        "the house serf"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed serf who reports seeing an immense army enter Bórovsk."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bolkhovítinov",
      "aliases": [
        "the courier from Dokhtúrov"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian officer chosen to carry Dokhtúrov’s urgent dispatch to headquarters and explain the situation in person. He rides through the night and reports that Napoleon and the whole French army have reached Formínsk."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack accompanying Bolkhovítinov",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack with spare horses"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack who accompanies Bolkhovítinov to headquarters with spare horses."
    },
    {
      "name": "Shcherbínin",
      "aliases": [
        "Konovnítsyn’s adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "Konovnítsyn’s adjutant, who receives Bolkhovítinov’s dispatch and wakes the general despite his illness."
    },
    {
      "name": "The orderly at headquarters who hesitates to wake Konovnítsyn",
      "aliases": [
        "the orderly"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed orderly who warns Bolkhovítinov that Konovnítsyn is very ill and has not slept for three nights."
    },
    {
      "name": "The footman lighting a candle for Kutúzov",
      "aliases": [
        "the footman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who lights a candle while Kutúzov receives the urgent report from Formínsk."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mouton",
      "aliases": [
        "the simple-minded soldier Mouton"
      ],
      "description": "A French soldier who says at the council of Málo-Yaroslávets that the army must get away as quickly as possible. His blunt statement gives voice to what the other French leaders already feel."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossacks who nearly capture Napoleon",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossacks on the prowl for booty",
        "les enfants du Don"
      ],
      "description": "Russian Cossacks who encounter Napoleon near Málo-Yaroslávets. They pursue plunder instead of capturing him, allowing him to escape."
    },
    {
      "name": "Karp",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant Karp"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian peasant named as one of those who burned hay rather than sell it to the French. After the French leave Moscow, he and Vlas drive into the city to plunder."
    },
    {
      "name": "Vlas",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant Vlas"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian peasant named alongside Karp as one of those who burned hay rather than sell it to the French. After the French leave Moscow, he and Karp drive into the city to plunder."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Polish guerrilla commander",
      "aliases": [
        "the Polish general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed commander of a large guerrilla detachment who invites Denísov to join an attack on the French convoy."
    },
    {
      "name": "The German guerrilla commander",
      "aliases": [
        "the German general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed commander of a large guerrilla detachment who invites Denísov to join an attack on the French convoy."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French quartermasters sent ahead",
      "aliases": [
        "the French quartermasters"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French officers sent ahead of the convoy, one of whom Denísov hopes Tíkhon Shcherbáty will capture for information."
    },
    {
      "name": "The six Cossacks posted near Mikúlino",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossacks"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed members of Denísov’s party stationed to watch the road and report the arrival of French columns."
    },
    {
      "name": "Komaróv",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack accompanying Pétya"
      ],
      "description": "A Cossack who rides with Pétya Rostóv to deliver the dispatch to Denísov."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack who captured the French drummer boy",
      "aliases": [
        "the hussar"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed hussar who rides with the captured French drummer boy seated behind him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctor accompanying Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed physician attending Prince Andrew. He describes the prince’s fever as malignant, but his assessment does not alter Natásha’s understanding of Andrew’s decline."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Bennigsen",
      "aliases": [
        "Bennigsen",
        "General Bennigsen"
      ],
      "description": "A senior Russian commander and Kutúzov’s chief of staff. He presses for an offensive, reports the French left flank’s vulnerability, and receives rewards after the confused battle of Tarútino."
    },
    {
      "name": "Barclay de Tolly",
      "aliases": [
        "Barclay",
        "the Minister"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander who has left the army in displeasure. The narrator notes that his former post is among those to be filled after his departure."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lanskóy",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed commissariat official who tells Kutúzov that the army’s supplies lie across the Oká, prompting a turn away from the direct road to Nízhni."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian troops retreating from Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the troops",
        "the main army"
      ],
      "description": "Russian soldiers who withdraw from Moscow toward the southern roads and establish themselves at Tarútino. After resting and regaining strength, they press toward an attack on the French."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bennigsen’s confidential representative to the Emperor",
      "aliases": [
        "the confidential representatives of the Emperor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed representative sent to watch Kutúzov’s actions and report to the Emperor amid strained relations at Russian headquarters."
    },
    {
      "name": "Captain Yákovlev",
      "aliases": [
        "Yákovlev"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian captain robbed and left in rags in Moscow. Napoleon sends him to Petersburg with a letter to Alexander, but Alexander does not receive him."
    },
    {
      "name": "Tutólmin",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An elderly man whom Napoleon sends to Petersburg to negotiate after explaining his views and magnanimity; Alexander does not receive him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The inhabitants of Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "Russian Moscow society"
      ],
      "description": "Residents who flee or remain in Moscow during the French occupation. Napoleon’s proclamations urge them to return, but the narrator says these measures fail."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French adjutant-general sent to Kutúzov",
      "aliases": [
        "Lauriston"
      ],
      "description": "A French officer sent by Napoleon to discuss peace with Kutúzov. His mission is taken as a sign of the French army’s weakened condition."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Kíkin",
      "aliases": [
        "Kíkin"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian general whose country house hosts a gathering where Ermólov and other commanders are found celebrating."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Horse Guards orderly carrying the dispositions",
      "aliases": [
        "the young officer of the Horse Guards",
        "the officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young officer entrusted with taking the Tarútino dispositions to Ermólov. He searches the camp for him and eventually finds him at a gathering beyond the lines."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ermólov’s orderly",
      "aliases": [
        "the orderly"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who tells the Horse Guards officer that Ermólov has gone out."
    },
    {
      "name": "The short, red-faced general dancing at Échkino",
      "aliases": [
        "Nicholas Iványch"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed handsome general who dances the trepák at General Kíkin’s gathering, where the senior Russian commanders have assembled."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Eýkhen",
      "aliases": [
        "Eýkhen"
      ],
      "description": "An officer of the Russian general staff whom Kutúzov summons after discovering the Tarútino columns have not received orders to advance. Kutúzov angrily berates him despite his lack of responsibility for the error."
    },
    {
      "name": "Captain Brózin",
      "aliases": [
        "Brózin"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian captain who happens to arrive during Kutúzov’s outburst at Tarútino and is also berated despite not being responsible for the failure."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Orlóv-Denísov",
      "aliases": [
        "Orlóv-Denísov",
        "Count Orlóv"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander leading a Cossack detachment at Tarútino. He sends Major-General Grékov to investigate a deserter’s offer to capture Murat, then attacks the French camp and takes prisoners and guns."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Polish sergeant who deserts",
      "aliases": [
        "the deserter from the French army",
        "the Polish sergeant"
      ],
      "description": "A sergeant in Poniatowski’s corps who defects to the Russians, resentful that he has not been made an officer. He claims Murat can be captured, but Orlóv-Denísov recalls the force sent with him."
    },
    {
      "name": "Major-General Grékov",
      "aliases": [
        "Grékov"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian general who rides with two Cossack regiments and the Polish deserter on an attempted mission to capture Murat. Orlóv-Denísov later recalls him before the main attack."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack officers seeking horses",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack officers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian officers who want to exploit the deserter’s information by capturing French horses."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack cornet who reports the deserter",
      "aliases": [
        "the cornet"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who hears the deserter’s story and informs his commander."
    },
    {
      "name": "The keen-sighted adjutant of Orlóv-Denísov",
      "aliases": [
        "his keen-sighted adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed adjutant who confirms that the French camp is beginning to stir."
    },
    {
      "name": "Raévski",
      "aliases": [
        "General Raévski"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian general beside Ermólov during the Tarútino operation. Ermólov quietly tells him that Kutúzov is making fun of him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian Cossacks at Tarútino",
      "aliases": [
        "Orlóv-Denísov’s Cossacks",
        "the Cossacks"
      ],
      "description": "Russian cavalrymen who surprise the French camp at Tarútino and capture many prisoners, guns, and horses. Their attention to securing and dividing the booty prevents them from pursuing the fleeing French."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Bagovút",
      "aliases": [
        "Bagovút"
      ],
      "description": "A placid but combative Russian general who angrily answers Toll’s reprimand and advances with a single division. He is killed by one of the first bullets as his troops move under fire."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French left-flank troops at Tarútino",
      "aliases": [
        "the French troops in Murat’s rear"
      ],
      "description": "French forces encamped near the Russian Cossacks at Tarútino. Caught unprepared by the attack, they flee, then regroup and fire when not pursued."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian columns attacking at Tarútino",
      "aliases": [
        "the belated columns",
        "the infantry of the belated columns"
      ],
      "description": "Russian infantry columns commanded by Bennigsen and directed by Toll. Confused and delayed, most fail to reach their assigned positions and suffer losses without achieving the planned attack."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldiers at Tarútino",
      "aliases": [
        "the men"
      ],
      "description": "Russian troops who advance during the confused Tarútino operation. The narrator attributes the battle’s broader result to the army’s collective movement rather than any commander’s plan."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer who asks Kutúzov to advance",
      "aliases": [
        "someone else"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who urges Kutúzov to attack at Tarútino; Kutúzov says it is too late to capture Murat or reach the intended position."
    },
    {
      "name": "The generals at Échkino",
      "aliases": [
        "the chief generals of the army"
      ],
      "description": "Russian commanders gathered at General Kíkin’s country house during the night before the Tarútino attack. They are celebrating while the dispositions remain undelivered."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer who tells the Horse Guards orderly about the gathering",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack officer who directs the Horse Guards orderly to Échkino and tells him the generals are holding a lively gathering there."
    },
    {
      "name": "The staff comrade who explains Ermólov’s delay",
      "aliases": [
        "the comrade"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer on the staff who tells the Horse Guards orderly that Ermólov’s absence was deliberate and intended to get Konovnítsyn into trouble."
    },
    {
      "name": "The governor’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "Catherine Petróvna",
        "Aunt"
      ],
      "description": "The governor’s wife and a friend of Countess Rostóva. She continues matchmaking between Nicholas Rostóv and Princess Mary, arranging a meeting at the bishop’s house and urging Nicholas to declare himself."
    },
    {
      "name": "The governor of Vorónezh",
      "aliases": [
        "the governor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed affable governor who helps Nicholas Rostóv find remount horses and hosts a special thanksgiving service for the Russian victory."
    },
    {
      "name": "The governor’s wife’s niece, Princess Mary",
      "aliases": [
        "Princess Mary Bolkónskaya",
        "Princess Mary"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Andrew’s sister and Nicholas Rostóv’s prospective match. She loves Nicholas, then travels to Yaroslávl with her nephew to see her gravely ill brother; there she and Natásha become comrades in their grief."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóv family’s old nurse",
      "aliases": [
        "the nurse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed longtime nurse in the Rostóv household who travels with Princess Mary and the young Prince Nicholas to Yaroslávl."
    },
    {
      "name": "The courier sent ahead to Yaroslávl",
      "aliases": [
        "the courier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed courier who travels ahead of Princess Mary to learn where the Rostóvs are staying and how Prince Andrew is. He reports that Andrew is still in the same condition."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Prior at the Tróitsa monastery",
      "aliases": [
        "the prior",
        "the monk"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed monk and prior of the monastery, an old acquaintance of the Rostóvs. He visits them at the monastery hostelry and advises Natásha to pray for divine aid."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young footman accompanying Princess Mary",
      "aliases": [
        "the footman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young servant sent by Princess Mary’s aunt to accompany her on the difficult journey to Yaroslávl."
    },
    {
      "name": "The monk greeting Natásha at Tróitsa",
      "aliases": [
        "the monk",
        "the prior"
      ],
      "description": "The prior of the Tróitsa monastery, who rises to greet Natásha and advises her to pray. The passage does not establish whether he is the same prior who visits the Rostóvs in the hostelry."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French general with the white mustache",
      "aliases": [
        "the general with the white mustache and red flushed face"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French general who presides over Pierre’s first interrogation and sternly records Pierre’s refusal to give his name."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French marshal who decides the prisoners’ fate",
      "aliases": [
        "the marshal"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French marshal whose decision the prisoners await. The text does not identify him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The important French officer who takes the prisoners to the marshal",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer probably on the staff",
        "the officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed senior French officer who orders the prisoners tidied before they are taken to the marshal."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Shcherbátov",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Shcherbátov"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian prince whose large Moscow house is occupied by Marshal Davout and used for Pierre’s interrogation."
    },
    {
      "name": "Davout’s adjutant",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who interrupts Davout’s questioning with news, prompting Davout to dress and forget Pierre; he later reminds Davout about the prisoner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two first Russian convicts executed",
      "aliases": [
        "the first two prisoners"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed convicts, one tall and thin and the other dark and sinewy, who are the first prisoners shot before Pierre."
    },
    {
      "name": "The third Russian prisoner executed",
      "aliases": [
        "the domestic serf"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed domestic serf, about forty-five years old, who is the third prisoner shot."
    },
    {
      "name": "The fourth Russian prisoner executed",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, handsome peasant with a broad light-brown beard and black eyes, who is the fourth prisoner shot."
    },
    {
      "name": "The factory lad executed before Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "the fifth prisoner",
        "the workman",
        "the factory hand"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed eighteen-year-old factory worker who is executed in front of Pierre. Terrified, he clutches at Pierre before being taken to the post."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French official who reads the sentence",
      "aliases": [
        "the official wearing a scarf"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French official who reads the prisoners’ sentence in Russian and French before the executions."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French officer commanding the firing squad",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer in command"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer who orders the prisoners executed in pairs."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French sharpshooters at the execution",
      "aliases": [
        "the twelve sharpshooters",
        "the twenty-four sharpshooters"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French soldiers who fire on the prisoners. One young sharpshooter remains shaken beside the pit after the execution."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old French soldier at the execution",
      "aliases": [
        "the old Frenchman with a thick mustache"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French soldier who trembles as he unties the executed factory lad from the post."
    },
    {
      "name": "The noncommissioned officer who leads the shaken sharpshooter away",
      "aliases": [
        "the old noncommissioned officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French NCO who takes a young, badly shaken sharpshooter by the elbow and leads him back to his company."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French soldier who comments on the execution",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French soldier who says the executions will teach people not to start fires, then leaves in distress."
    },
    {
      "name": "Platón Karatáev’s father",
      "aliases": [
        "Father"
      ],
      "description": "Platón’s father, who explains that Platón’s conscription spared his younger brother Michael from military service and asks the family to honor Platón."
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael, Platón Karatáev’s younger brother",
      "aliases": [
        "Michael the youngest"
      ],
      "description": "Platón Karatáev’s younger brother, who stayed at home when Platón was conscripted. Platón says his brother had five children and would otherwise have had to serve."
    },
    {
      "name": "Platón Karatáev’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "the wife he left behind",
        "the young woman"
      ],
      "description": "Platón Karatáev’s unnamed wife, whom he left behind when conscripted. Their daughter died before he went to serve."
    },
    {
      "name": "Platón Karatáev’s daughter",
      "aliases": [
        "the little girl"
      ],
      "description": "Platón Karatáev’s unnamed young daughter, who died before he became a soldier."
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "the young woman"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed wife of Platón Karatáev’s younger brother Michael, who bows before Platón at their father’s request."
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael’s five children",
      "aliases": [
        "the five little ones",
        "the grandchildren"
      ],
      "description": "The five unnamed children of Platón Karatáev’s younger brother Michael, whom their grandfather asks to bow before Platón."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier who tells stories in the shed",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier who used to tell folk tales"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed prisoner who tells familiar folk tales in the shed; Platón Karatáev enjoys listening to him."
    },
    {
      "name": "Peter, Prince Andrew’s servant",
      "aliases": [
        "Peter the valet",
        "the valet",
        "Prince Andrew’s valet traveling with him"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Andrew’s servant, who wakes and rouses the doctor after Natásha visits Andrew at night."
    },
    {
      "name": "Timókhin",
      "aliases": [
        "Captain Timókhin",
        "Prokhór Ignátych",
        "the red-nosed major of Prince Andrew’s regiment"
      ],
      "description": "An officer in Prince Andrew’s regiment, wounded in the leg at Borodinó. He stays awake through the night in pain and witnesses Andrew and Natásha’s reconciliation."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid sent by Countess Rostóva",
      "aliases": [
        "the maid"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed maid sent to find Natásha after her mother notices she is missing. She knocks at the door of Prince Andrew’s room."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French general in the Povarskóy",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French general directing people near the fire in the Povarskóy when Pierre arrives to help rescue a child."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Frenchman with a spot on his cheek",
      "aliases": [
        "the black-eyed Frenchman"
      ],
      "description": "A French soldier who helps Pierre find and rescue a three-year-old girl from a burning house. He points out the child, then returns to his comrades."
    },
    {
      "name": "The three-year-old girl rescued by Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "the little girl",
        "the youngest daughter"
      ],
      "description": "The youngest daughter of Mary Nikoláevna, found alone in a garden near a burning house. Pierre carries her to safety and later returns her to her mother."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mary Nikoláevna",
      "aliases": [
        "the woman in a black cloak and cap",
        "the civil servant’s wife"
      ],
      "description": "A distressed mother fleeing the Moscow fire with her family and belongings. Her youngest daughter, Katie, is missing, and she begs Pierre to find her."
    },
    {
      "name": "The civilian official, husband of Mary Nikoláevna",
      "aliases": [
        "the short, round-shouldered man"
      ],
      "description": "Mary Nikoláevna’s husband, who moves their belongings while she searches for their missing daughter. She angrily accuses him of abandoning the child."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old nurse carrying Mary Nikoláevna’s son",
      "aliases": [
        "the nurse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed nurse carrying Mary Nikoláevna’s crying young son as the family flees the fire."
    },
    {
      "name": "Aníska",
      "aliases": [
        "the dirty maidservant",
        "the maid"
      ],
      "description": "Mary Nikoláevna’s maid, who leads Pierre toward the burning lodging where the child was left."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two French soldiers who attack the Armenian family",
      "aliases": [
        "the French marauders"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed French soldiers looting an Armenian family’s belongings. One takes the old man’s boots while the other attacks the young woman and steals her necklace; Pierre intervenes."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old Armenian man",
      "aliases": [
        "the old man of Oriental type"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Armenian family patriarch whom a French soldier robs of his boots during the Moscow fire."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old Armenian woman",
      "aliases": [
        "the old woman of Oriental type"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly member of the Armenian family targeted by French soldiers during the Moscow fire."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young Armenian woman",
      "aliases": [
        "the beautiful Armenian girl"
      ],
      "description": "A strikingly beautiful young woman in the Armenian family. A French soldier grabs her and tears away her necklace before Pierre intervenes."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French interpreter from a Moscow shop",
      "aliases": [
        "the interpreter",
        "the French salesman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French shop salesman in civilian clothes who interprets for the patrol questioning Pierre after his fight with French soldiers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French patrol officer who questions Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer",
        "the lieutenant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer who arrests Pierre and questions him about his identity and weapon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The five Russian suspects arrested by the French patrol",
      "aliases": [
        "the small shopkeeper",
        "the two seminary students",
        "the peasant",
        "the house serf"
      ],
      "description": "Five unnamed Russians arrested by the French patrol as suspected incendiaries: a shopkeeper, two seminary students, a peasant, and a house serf."
    },
    {
      "name": "Durosnel",
      "aliases": [
        "General Durosnel"
      ],
      "description": "A French general whose order sends patrols through Moscow to stop looting and arrest suspected incendiaries."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Italian physician treating Hélène",
      "aliases": [
        "the Italian doctor",
        "the private physician of the Queen of Spain"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed doctor treating Hélène with an unusual method. After her death, he produces letters from her, and Prince Vasíli and the old count drop their accusations against him."
    },
    {
      "name": "Empress Elisabeth",
      "aliases": [
        "the Empress"
      ],
      "description": "An empress who says she will be the last to leave Petersburg, while Empress Márya orders the institutions under her patronage evacuated to Kazán."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Bishop who sends the icon of the Venerable Sergius",
      "aliases": [
        "His Lordship the Bishop"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed bishop whose patriotic letter accompanying an icon is read at Anna Pávlovna’s soiree."
    },
    {
      "name": "Colonel Michaud",
      "aliases": [
        "Michaud"
      ],
      "description": "A French-born colonel serving Russia, described as Russian in heart and soul. He brings Kutúzov’s news of Moscow’s abandonment to Emperor Alexander and reassures him that the army remains eager to fight."
    },
    {
      "name": "Túchkov",
      "aliases": [
        "General Túchkov"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian general named among the losses in Kutúzov’s report after Borodinó."
    },
    {
      "name": "Kutáysov",
      "aliases": [
        "General Kutáysov"
      ],
      "description": "A young Russian commander whose death at Borodinó becomes a focus of grief in Petersburg society."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian messenger who brings news of Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the country gentleman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed country gentleman whose arrival in Petersburg brings news that Moscow has surrendered to the French."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian interpreter and messenger, Michaud’s companion",
      "aliases": [
        "the messenger from Kutúzov"
      ],
      "description": "Michaud, a Frenchman who does not know Russian, sent by Kutúzov to report Moscow’s abandonment to the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The militia commander in Vorónezh",
      "aliases": [
        "the civilian general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly civilian general commanding the militia. He receives Nicholas Rostóv brusquely and questions him with an air of authority."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old cavalryman and horse breeder",
      "aliases": [
        "the landowner"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed bachelor and former cavalryman who sells Nicholas Rostóv seventeen stallions and hosts him for dinner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Italian prisoner at the governor’s party",
      "aliases": [
        "the French army officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French army officer held as a prisoner in Vorónezh. Nicholas treats him courteously and regards him as a symbol of his own status as a Russian war hero."
    },
    {
      "name": "The blonde wife of a provincial official",
      "aliases": [
        "the blue-eyed blonde"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed married woman at the governor’s party who flirts with Nicholas Rostóv. Her husband grows increasingly somber as the evening progresses."
    },
    {
      "name": "The provincial official married to the blonde",
      "aliases": [
        "Nikíta Iványch",
        "the husband"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official whose wife is the blonde woman Nicholas flirts with at the governor’s party. He reacts uneasily to Nicholas’s attentions."
    },
    {
      "name": "Anna Ignátyevna Malvíntseva",
      "aliases": [
        "Malvíntseva"
      ],
      "description": "Princess Mary’s wealthy, childless maternal aunt, who lives in Vorónezh. She invites Nicholas Rostóv to visit and asks about Mary, her late father, and Prince Andrew."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young Vereshchágin",
      "aliases": [
        "Vereshchágin",
        "the tradesman’s son"
      ],
      "description": "The son of the restaurant keeper Vereshchágin, condemned to hard labor over a proclamation Rostopchín calls treasonous. Rostopchín hands him to the crowd, which beats him to death."
    },
    {
      "name": "The crowd members who call for law and order",
      "aliases": [
        "voices in the crowd"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed residents in the crowd at Rostopchín’s house. They first hesitate, then surge forward and beat Vereshchágin to death; afterward, some express horror and regret."
    },
    {
      "name": "The dragoon officer who orders Vereshchágin struck",
      "aliases": [
        "the dragoon officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who draws his saber and urges the soldiers to strike Vereshchágin. He later helps free the tall youth from the crowd."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier who strikes Vereshchágin",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier who strikes Vereshchágin on the head with the blunt side of his saber, starting the crowd’s attack."
    },
    {
      "name": "The tall youth at Vereshchágin’s killing",
      "aliases": [
        "the tall youth",
        "the tall lad"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young man who stands beside Vereshchágin as the crowd closes in. He seizes Vereshchágin, falls with him under the crowd, and is beaten nearly to death before the dragoons pull him free."
    },
    {
      "name": "The police officer who orders the corpse removed",
      "aliases": [
        "the painstaking police officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed police officer who considers a corpse in Rostopchín’s courtyard improper and tells the dragoons to remove Vereshchágin’s body."
    },
    {
      "name": "The dragoons removing Vereshchágin’s body",
      "aliases": [
        "two dragoons"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed mounted soldiers who drag Vereshchágin’s corpse out of Rostopchín’s courtyard."
    },
    {
      "name": "Rostopchín’s coachman",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed driver who takes Rostopchín to his country house in Sokólniki and later drives him toward the Yaúza bridge."
    },
    {
      "name": "Rostopchín’s dragoons",
      "aliases": [
        "his dragoons"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed mounted soldiers accompanying Rostopchín in his calèche. They help pull the tall youth from the crowd and witness Rostopchín encounter a released lunatic."
    },
    {
      "name": "The released lunatic who runs beside Rostopchín’s calèche",
      "aliases": [
        "the lunatic"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man released from the lunatic asylum who runs after Rostopchín, claiming to have been killed and risen from the dead and prophesying the overthrow of God’s kingdom."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French interpreter who questions the Moscow crowd",
      "aliases": [
        "the interpreter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed interpreter who rides up to Murat’s party, asks an old porter for directions to the Kremlin, and relays Murat’s question about the Russian army."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old porter questioned by Murat’s interpreter",
      "aliases": [
        "the old porter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Moscow porter who does not understand the interpreter’s unfamiliar Polish-accented Russian and slips behind the crowd."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French officer reporting from the Kremlin",
      "aliases": [
        "the French officer returning from the advanced detachment"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who reports to Murat that the Kremlin gates are barricaded and may conceal an ambush."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French general beside the guns at the Kremlin",
      "aliases": [
        "the general standing by the guns"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general who orders an officer and infantrymen back after shots are fired from the Kremlin gate."
    },
    {
      "name": "The bareheaded Russian defender at the Kremlin gate",
      "aliases": [
        "the man in a peasant’s coat"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man who appears through the smoke at the Kremlin gate, aims a musket at the French, and is killed."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian defenders at the Kremlin gate",
      "aliases": [
        "the men in peasant coats"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed defenders who fire at the French from behind barricades at the Kremlin gate. Some are killed or wounded, while two escape toward the Známenka."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French officer who enters Pierre’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "Captain Ramballe",
        "M. Ramballe",
        "the captain",
        "the French officer"
      ],
      "description": "Captain Ramballe of the 13th Light Regiment, a French officer wounded at Wagram, Smolénsk, and Borodinó. Pierre saves him when Makár Alexéevich fires a pistol; Ramballe befriends Pierre, shares a meal and wine with him, and hears his story."
    },
    {
      "name": "Makár Alexéevich",
      "aliases": [
        "Joseph Bazdéev’s half-brother",
        "the tall, bald-headed old man with a red nose"
      ],
      "description": "Joseph Bazdéev’s half-brother, described as half-insane and a hard drinker. Drunk and imagining himself a defender against the French, he seizes Pierre’s pistol and fires at Captain Ramballe; Pierre saves him from punishment."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French soldiers who enter Pierre’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French soldiers who come into Pierre’s house after hearing the pistol shot. Ramballe sends them away and later tells them they will be called if needed."
    },
    {
      "name": "The senior sergeant of the Württemberg hussars",
      "aliases": [
        "the senior sergeant",
        "the quartermaster of the regiment"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed German-speaking sergeant who tells Captain Ramballe that his commander ordered the regiment to occupy houses. Pierre translates between them, and the sergeant takes his men elsewhere."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Württemberg hussars arriving at Pierre’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the hussars"
      ],
      "description": "A group of unnamed cavalrymen who arrive seeking stabling for their horses. Their claim to the yard is settled when Pierre translates between their sergeant and Captain Ramballe."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre’s coachman",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed driver who takes Pierre through Moscow when he leaves home to pursue his plan to kill Napoleon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ household servants and coachmen",
      "aliases": [
        "the servants and coachmen"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed workers who attend to the Rostóv family and their wounded companions during the night at Mytíshchi."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded officers’ orderlies",
      "aliases": [
        "the orderlies of the wounded officers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed attendants who care for their wounded masters at Mytíshchi."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ wounded officer",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant of Raévski",
        "Raévski’s adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer serving under General Raévski, now traveling with the Rostóvs with a fractured wrist. His continual, piteous moaning distresses the countess and deeply affects Natásha."
    },
    {
      "name": "Daniel Teréntich",
      "aliases": [
        "Old Daniel Teréntich",
        "the count’s valet"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóv count’s longtime valet. While the household watches the distant fires, he recognizes that Moscow is burning and breaks down sobbing."
    },
    {
      "name": "Míshka",
      "aliases": [
        "the page boy Míshka",
        "Vasílich’s grandson"
      ],
      "description": "Vasílich’s grandson, who remains with the Rostóv household. At Mytíshchi, Daniel Teréntich scolds him for watching the fire instead of gathering the count’s clothes."
    },
    {
      "name": "Madame Schoss",
      "aliases": [
        "Louisa Ivánovna",
        "Louisa Ivánovna (Madame Schoss)"
      ],
      "description": "A governess in the Rostóv household. She accompanies the family at Mytíshchi and sleeps in the same room as the countess, Sónya, and Natásha."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctor traveling with Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed physician accompanying Prince Andrew. He expects Andrew’s abdominal wounds and fever to prove fatal, but is surprised when the prince’s condition improves; he treats the wound and promises to get him the Gospels."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two orderlies traveling with Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the orderlies"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed attendants accompanying Prince Andrew during the evacuation from Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The sleeping man in the passage at Mytíshchi",
      "aliases": [
        "the sleeping man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man asleep on the floor of the hut’s passage; Natásha steps over him on her way to see Prince Andrew."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóv cook",
      "aliases": [
        "the cook"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed household cook who rushes into the vestibule after hearing knocking and cries that four horsemen have arrived."
    },
    {
      "name": "The cricket in the hut wall",
      "aliases": [
        "the cricket"
      ],
      "description": "A cricket chirping in a crack in the wall while the Rostóvs and Madame Schoss try to sleep at Mytíshchi."
    },
    {
      "name": "The cocks near the hut",
      "aliases": [
        "the cocks"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed cocks whose crowing Natásha hears during the night at Mytíshchi."
    },
    {
      "name": "Berg",
      "aliases": [
        "Lieutenant Berg",
        "Alphonse Kárlovich"
      ],
      "description": "Véra Rostóva’s husband and a colonel serving as an assistant on the First Army’s staff. Visiting Moscow, he praises the army’s heroism and asks his father-in-law for a cart to buy furniture for Véra, even as wounded men need transport."
    },
    {
      "name": "Vasílich",
      "aliases": [
        "the major-domo"
      ],
      "description": "A senior Rostóv household servant who oversees packing. He tells Pétya that the count wants the carts given to the wounded and remains in Moscow with his grandson Míshka."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ household servants and workers",
      "aliases": [
        "the servants",
        "the whole household"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed household workers who help pack and prepare the family’s departure. Once the count confirms Natásha’s order, they eagerly unload possessions and fill the carts with wounded men."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded officers and soldiers seeking transport",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded",
        "the wounded men"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed wounded people who are taken into the Rostóvs’ carts as the family evacuates Moscow. News of the available carts brings additional wounded from neighboring houses."
    },
    {
      "name": "The orderly helping a wounded officer",
      "aliases": [
        "the orderly"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed attendant who helps a wounded officer climb into one of the Rostóvs’ carts."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ wounded prince",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Andrew Bolkónski",
        "the wounded prince",
        "Prince Bolkónski"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Andrew, Natásha’s former fiancée, mortally wounded and being carried from Moscow in a calèche. The Rostóvs take him with their departing household, though Natásha does not know he is in the procession."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ housemaid who identifies Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the maid"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed maid who tells Sónya that the wounded prince in the calèche is Prince Bolkónski, Natásha’s former intended."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mávra Kuzmínichna",
      "aliases": [
        "the former housekeeper",
        "old Mávra Kuzmínichna"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóvs’ former housekeeper, an elderly woman who stays behind in Moscow. She gives money from her own savings to a young officer who is Count Rostóv’s kinsman."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dunyásha",
      "aliases": [
        "the maid"
      ],
      "description": "Princess Mary’s maid, who is to travel with the countess in the carriage. She rearranges the countess’s seat during the family’s departure from Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old coachman Efím",
      "aliases": [
        "Efím",
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "The coachman trusted by Countess Rostóva, with thirty years’ experience driving her. He waits patiently through the family’s lengthy preparations, then leads their departure from Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "Falcon",
      "aliases": [
        "the chestnut near-side horse"
      ],
      "description": "The chestnut horse in the countess’s carriage team, restless as the family prepares to leave Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The postilion",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed driver riding with the carriage team who starts the horses when Efím gives the order to depart."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer who is Count Rostóv’s kinsman",
      "aliases": [
        "the young officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed eighteen-year-old officer and relative of Count Rostóv who arrives in Moscow after the family has left, hoping to ask the count for help because his clothes are worn out and he has no money. Mávra Kuzmínichna gives him twenty-five rubles."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ignát",
      "aliases": [
        "the yard porter",
        "Uncle Ignát"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóvs’ yard porter, who remains in Moscow and admires his reflection in the drawing-room mirror."
    },
    {
      "name": "The tall lad at the dramshop",
      "aliases": [
        "the tall young fellow",
        "the youth with the turned-up sleeve"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed factory hand who leads a group of workers drinking at a dramshop, then helps turn a dispute into a crowd demanding answers about Moscow’s fate. He urges the crowd to pursue the police superintendent."
    },
    {
      "name": "The factory hands at the dramshop",
      "aliases": [
        "the workmen"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed factory workers drinking at a dramshop under the tall lad’s leadership. They follow him into a fight with nearby blacksmiths and join the crowd afterward."
    },
    {
      "name": "The blacksmiths from the neighboring smithy",
      "aliases": [
        "the smiths"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed workers who try to enter the dramshop, prompting a fight with its publican and the factory hands."
    },
    {
      "name": "The publican at the dramshop",
      "aliases": [
        "the tavern keeper"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed dramshop keeper who fights a blacksmith during a dispute with the factory hands, then returns to his tavern as the crowd moves away."
    },
    {
      "name": "The smith with the bloodied face",
      "aliases": [
        "the first smith",
        "the bloodstained smith"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed blacksmith who is injured in the tavern fight and claims that a man has been killed, drawing a crowd."
    },
    {
      "name": "The woman who cries murder",
      "aliases": [
        "the woman coming out of a gate"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman who hears the tavern dispute and cries out that a man has been beaten to death."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man reading Rostopchín’s broadsheet",
      "aliases": [
        "the shopman in a frieze coat",
        "the reader"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed shop worker who reads Count Rostopchín’s August 31 broadsheet to the crowd. He explains to the police superintendent that the crowd means to serve against the French."
    },
    {
      "name": "The police superintendent",
      "aliases": [
        "the superintendent of police"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official who tries to address a crowd assembled after reading Rostopchín’s broadsheet. He says the count is still in Moscow and rides away as the crowd pursues him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The police superintendent’s coachman",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed driver who stops and then speeds up the superintendent’s trap as the crowd gathers and gives chase."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two mounted dragoons accompanying the police superintendent",
      "aliases": [
        "the two dragoons"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed mounted guards who accompany the police superintendent’s trap through the crowd."
    },
    {
      "name": "The thin shopkeeper Iván Sidórych",
      "aliases": [
        "Iván Sidórych",
        "the thin, stern-looking shopkeeper"
      ],
      "description": "A shopkeeper with three shops in the Bazaar and goods he says are worth one hundred thousand rubles. He insists that the shops cannot be saved once the army leaves."
    },
    {
      "name": "The first shopkeeper appealing to the officer",
      "aliases": [
        "the tradesman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed shopkeeper who asks a Russian officer to protect the shops and offers him cloth in return."
    },
    {
      "name": "The other shopkeepers in the Bazaar",
      "aliases": [
        "the shopkeepers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed tradesmen who plead for protection as soldiers loot the Bazaar during the evacuation."
    },
    {
      "name": "The shopkeepers’ assistants",
      "aliases": [
        "the assistants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed workers who help the few remaining tradesmen carry goods away from their shops."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officers trying to clear the Bazaar",
      "aliases": [
        "the officers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officers who attempt to stop soldiers from looting the Bazaar and manage the crowding at the bridges."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer in a scarf",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer with a scarf over his uniform"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed mounted officer who dismounts and enters the Bazaar arcade with a drummer to drive soldiers out."
    },
    {
      "name": "The third officer who gallops up",
      "aliases": [
        "the third officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who arrives in the Bazaar and reports that the general has ordered the soldiers driven out."
    },
    {
      "name": "The drummer in the Bazaar",
      "aliases": [
        "the drummer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed drummer who accompanies the officer in a scarf into the Bazaar arcade."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant woman shrieking on the cart",
      "aliases": [
        "the woman on the cart"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman sitting atop a loaded cart with a child’s chair and four borzois during the crush at the Moskvá bridge. She screams as General Ermólov orders guns unlimbered to clear the crowd."
    },
    {
      "name": "The small, sallow-faced old man with Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "the beardless old man",
        "the old man who looked like a footman"
      ],
      "description": "Gerásim, the former servant of Joseph Bazdéev, who accompanies Pierre in disguise to buy a pistol. He points Pierre out to Natásha as they pass the Rostóv carriage."
    },
    {
      "name": "Joseph Alexéevich Bazdéev",
      "aliases": [
        "Joseph Alexéevich",
        "the Mason at the Torzhók post station",
        "the stranger",
        "the traveler"
      ],
      "description": "A stern, reflective Freemason and Pierre’s spiritual mentor, now deceased. Pierre takes up residence in his empty house and studies his Masonic manuscripts."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Frenchman bringing Hélène’s letter",
      "aliases": [
        "the Frenchman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French visitor who brings Pierre a letter from his estranged wife, Hélène."
    },
    {
      "name": "The major-domo in Pierre’s Moscow house",
      "aliases": [
        "Pierre’s major-domo"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed senior servant who twice tells Pierre that a French visitor is waiting with a letter from Hélène and that someone from Bazdéev’s widow has come."
    },
    {
      "name": "Sophia Danílovna Bazdéeva",
      "aliases": [
        "the widow Bazdéev",
        "Sophia Danílovna"
      ],
      "description": "Joseph Bazdéev’s widow, who leaves for her country estate with her children and authorizes Pierre to take Bazdéev’s books."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Bazdéevs’ children",
      "aliases": [
        "the children"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed children of Sophia Danílovna and Joseph Bazdéev, who leave Moscow with their mother."
    },
    {
      "name": "Gerásim",
      "aliases": [
        "the old servant",
        "the sallow beardless old man"
      ],
      "description": "A former servant of Joseph Bazdéev whom Pierre remembers from Torzhók. He welcomes Pierre to the Bazdéev house, procures a coachman’s coat and cap for him, and agrees to obtain a pistol."
    },
    {
      "name": "The cabman Pierre hires",
      "aliases": [
        "the cabman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed driver who takes Pierre to the Bazdéevs’ house at the Patriarch’s Ponds."
    },
    {
      "name": "The innkeeper in the Dorogomílov suburb",
      "aliases": [
        "the innkeeper"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed innkeeper whose establishment Napoleon uses after learning that Moscow has been deserted."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s interpreter",
      "aliases": [
        "Lelorgne d’Ideville",
        "the interpreter"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon’s interpreter, summoned while the Emperor studies a plan of Moscow on Poklónny Hill."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general sent to fetch the boyars",
      "aliases": [
        "a general with a brilliant suite"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French general sent by Napoleon to fetch a deputation of Moscow’s boyars."
    },
    {
      "name": "The boyars of Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the boyars",
        "the deputation"
      ],
      "description": "The Russian notables Napoleon expects to meet and address after entering Moscow. No delegation appears because the city has been abandoned."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s generals and marshals at Poklónny Hill",
      "aliases": [
        "the gentlemen of the suite"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French commanders and courtiers who learn that Moscow is empty and hesitate over how to tell Napoleon that no boyar deputation will arrive."
    },
    {
      "name": "The few people remaining in Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the remaining inhabitants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed residents, perhaps one fiftieth of Moscow’s former population, who remain as the city empties. Some wander aimlessly, following old habits."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian troops evacuating Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the troops",
        "the main army"
      ],
      "description": "Russian soldiers who withdraw through Moscow toward the Ryazán road, carrying away wounded men and the remaining inhabitants. Congestion at the bridges causes disorder and looting."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian rear guard in the Dorogomílov suburb",
      "aliases": [
        "the rear guard"
      ],
      "description": "The last Russian troops to remain on Moscow’s near side after the main army has crossed the city."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers looting the Bazaar",
      "aliases": [
        "the looting soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian soldiers who take goods from shops during the army’s passage through Moscow and evade officers trying to stop them."
    },
    {
      "name": "The shaven-headed soldier thrown from a shop",
      "aliases": [
        "the man in a gray coat"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier in a gray coat who is violently thrown out of a Bazaar shop."
    },
    {
      "name": "The infantrymen without muskets",
      "aliases": [
        "the three infantrymen"
      ],
      "description": "Three unnamed soldiers slipping into the Bazaar passage with their coat skirts raised; an officer calls them rascals."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers and civilians crowding the Moskvá bridge",
      "aliases": [
        "the crowd at the bridge"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed soldiers and civilians caught in a crush at the Moskvá bridge during the evacuation. They scatter when Ermólov orders guns to be pointed at the bridge."
    },
    {
      "name": "The people gathering in the police superintendent’s courtyard",
      "aliases": [
        "the crowd",
        "the mob"
      ],
      "description": "A crowd of Moscow residents who gather after Rostopchín’s broadsheet and prepare to serve against the French. They pursue the police superintendent, believing he can explain the city’s fate."
    },
    {
      "name": "The bootmakers on Moroséyka",
      "aliases": [
        "the bootmakers"
      ],
      "description": "A group of thin, worn-out workers who join the crowd after complaining that their employer has misled them and left them unpaid."
    },
    {
      "name": "The thin bootmaker who complains about his employer",
      "aliases": [
        "the thin workingman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed bootmaker who says his employer has taken the workers’ labor and then left them in hardship."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French forces entering Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the French"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon’s army, which enters Moscow through several gates after no deputation appears and the Russian troops withdraw."
    },
    {
      "name": "Malásha",
      "aliases": [
        "Andrew Savostyánov’s six-year-old granddaughter"
      ],
      "description": "Andrew Savostyánov’s six-year-old granddaughter, who watches the council of war from the oven. She sees it as a personal contest between Kutúzov, whom she favors, and Bennigsen, whom she calls “Long-coat.”"
    },
    {
      "name": "The generals at the council of war at Filí",
      "aliases": [
        "the generals"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian commanders who debate Bennigsen’s proposed attack and the army’s retreat. After Kutúzov orders withdrawal, they disperse solemnly and some speak to him privately."
    },
    {
      "name": "Schneider",
      "aliases": [
        "Kutúzov’s adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed adjutant to Kutúzov, addressed as Schneider. He advises Kutúzov to rest after the council at Filí."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wealthy classes leaving Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the rich educated people"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed affluent, educated Muscovites who leave the city before its occupation, abandoning much of their property. The narrator presents their departure as an instinctive act of patriotism."
    },
    {
      "name": "The poor people remaining in Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the poor people"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed poorer residents who remain as the French approach and burn or destroy what they leave behind."
    },
    {
      "name": "The lady who moved to her Sarátov estate",
      "aliases": [
        "the lady"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman who left Moscow in June with her Black servants and female entertainers. The narrator presents her departure as a simple, instinctive act that helped save Russia."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Black servants and female entertainers accompanying the lady",
      "aliases": [
        "her Negroes and her women jesters"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed members of the lady’s household who accompany her from Moscow to her Sarátov estate."
    },
    {
      "name": "Father Augustin",
      "aliases": [
        "Augustin"
      ],
      "description": "A priest whom Rostopchín at one point forbids to remove icons or relics of saints from Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "Leppich",
      "aliases": [
        "the balloon’s builder"
      ],
      "description": "A person constructing a balloon that Rostopchín has transported out of Moscow on commandeered carts."
    },
    {
      "name": "Madame Aubert-Chalmé",
      "aliases": [
        "Aubert-Chalmé"
      ],
      "description": "A woman described as the center of Moscow’s French colony. Rostopchín allows her to remain in Moscow despite expelling other French residents."
    },
    {
      "name": "Klyucharëv",
      "aliases": [
        "the venerable old postmaster",
        "the Postmaster"
      ],
      "description": "Moscow’s elderly postmaster, whom Rostopchín has arrested and exiled. Pierre defends him, while Rostopchín accuses him of harmful conduct."
    },
    {
      "name": "The restaurant keeper Vereshchágin",
      "aliases": [
        "Vereshchágin’s father",
        "the old man"
      ],
      "description": "An elderly Moscow tradesman and restaurant keeper, father of the young man imprisoned over a proclamation. He comes to Rostopchín to intercede for his son."
    },
    {
      "name": "Gabriel Ivánovich",
      "aliases": [
        "the official who investigated the proclamation"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official addressed as Gabriel Ivánovich who investigated how the proclamation passed through sixty-three hands."
    },
    {
      "name": "The short old man who leaves Rostopchín’s room",
      "aliases": [
        "the short man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man speaking with Rostopchín when Pierre enters the governor’s private room; he stops and leaves."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officials waiting at Rostopchín’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the heads of the various government departments"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed civil and military officials who gather at Rostopchín’s home seeking instructions as Moscow faces evacuation."
    },
    {
      "name": "Vasílchikov",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person who, with Plátov, tells Rostopchín that Moscow cannot be defended and must be surrendered."
    },
    {
      "name": "The courier from the army at Rostopchín’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the courier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed army courier who leaves Rostopchín’s private room as Pierre enters the reception room."
    },
    {
      "name": "The elderly official wearing a star",
      "aliases": [
        "the old gentleman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official wearing a star who approaches Rostopchín’s adjutant during Pierre’s wait."
    },
    {
      "name": "The German official wearing a cross",
      "aliases": [
        "the other official"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed German official wearing a cross who approaches Rostopchín’s adjutant with an elderly official."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young foreign prince pursuing Hélène",
      "aliases": [
        "the young foreigner",
        "the prince",
        "His Highness"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed foreign prince who has an intimacy with Hélène and seeks to marry her. She tells him she will marry him if he accepts her position and claims that her living husband will agree to a divorce."
    },
    {
      "name": "The elderly magnate pursuing Hélène",
      "aliases": [
        "the grandee",
        "the old count"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly man holding one of the Empire’s highest posts who is intimate with Hélène and seeks to marry her. She tells him marriage is the way to secure a right over her."
    },
    {
      "name": "Monsieur de Jobert",
      "aliases": [
        "the Jesuit à robe courte",
        "Hélène’s future directeur de conscience"
      ],
      "description": "An older French lay member of the Society of Jesus who instructs Hélène in Catholic beliefs and guides her conversion."
    },
    {
      "name": "The long-frocked abbé",
      "aliases": [
        "the abbé",
        "Hélène’s Father Confessor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Catholic clergyman brought to Hélène to hear her confession and advise her about the validity of her marriage. He argues that her marriage vows remain binding, while she presses him to find grounds for remarriage."
    },
    {
      "name": "The holy brethren of the Society of Jesus",
      "aliases": [
        "the Jesuits"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed members of the Society of Jesus, whom the young prince consults about Hélène’s proposed marriage."
    },
    {
      "name": "Hélène’s intimate friends",
      "aliases": [
        "her friends"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Petersburg society friends to whom Hélène openly says that both the prince and the elderly magnate have proposed and that she loves them both."
    },
    {
      "name": "Márya Dmítrievna Akhrosímova",
      "aliases": [
        "Márya Dmítrievna",
        "le terrible dragon"
      ],
      "description": "A frank, plain-spoken Moscow society woman. In Petersburg she publicly rebukes Hélène for proposing to marry while Pierre is alive."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bilíbin",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Russian diplomat and clever society acquaintance of Hélène. He advises her to marry the elderly magnate first, then the prince, and asks whether Pierre will agree to a divorce."
    },
    {
      "name": "Hélène’s mother",
      "aliases": [
        "Princess Kurágina",
        "the old princess"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Vasíli’s wife and Hélène’s mother. Jealous of her daughter’s prospects, she consults a Russian priest and objects to Hélène remarrying while Pierre is alive, but is swayed by the young prince’s appearance."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian priest consulted by Hélène’s mother",
      "aliases": [
        "the priest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed priest who tells Hélène’s mother that divorce and remarriage while a husband is alive are impossible, citing the Gospel."
    },
    {
      "name": "The lady companion living with Hélène",
      "aliases": [
        "the lady companion"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman living with Hélène who announces that the young prince is waiting to see her."
    },
    {
      "name": "Anatole Kurágin",
      "aliases": [
        "Anatole"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Vasíli’s younger son and Hélène’s brother, secretly married to a Polish landowner’s daughter. He has died by the time Pierre reaches Moscow after Borodinó."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers who share food with Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "the three soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Three unnamed Russian soldiers who make a fire, share their food with Pierre, and escort him toward Mozháysk."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre’s groom at Górki",
      "aliases": [
        "the groom",
        "the discharged soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed discharged soldier who serves as Pierre’s groom. He finds Pierre on the hill near Mozháysk and later wakes him, repeating the words from Pierre’s dream as he urges him to harness."
    },
    {
      "name": "The orderly passing through the inn yard",
      "aliases": [
        "someone’s orderly"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed orderly who walks through the inn yard at night and speaks to the innkeeper."
    },
    {
      "name": "The innkeeper at Mozháysk",
      "aliases": [
        "the innkeeper"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed innkeeper whose crowded inn has no room for Pierre. He later tells Pierre that French forces are near Mozháysk and Russian troops are leaving."
    },
    {
      "name": "The coachman who tells Pierre about the French",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed driver who, with Pierre’s groom and the innkeeper, tells him that the French are near Mozháysk and the Russian troops are departing."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded general Pierre knows",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian general whom Pierre knows and gives a place in his carriage while they travel from Mozháysk to Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded soldiers left at Mozháysk",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian soldiers left behind as the army withdraws; many lie in yards, houses, and streets, while others struggle to obtain transport."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer who brings news to Pierre in Mozháysk",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer whose news that the French are near Mozháysk is relayed to Pierre by the innkeeper, groom, and coachman."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Rostopchín’s adjutant",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who meets Pierre near Moscow’s gates and says Rostopchín urgently wants to see him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Moscow commander in chief’s officials",
      "aliases": [
        "the officials"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed civil and military staff members who crowd Rostopchín’s anteroom seeking orders as Moscow is about to fall."
    },
    {
      "name": "The courier from the army who leaves Rostopchín",
      "aliases": [
        "the courier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed army courier who exits Rostopchín’s private room shortly before Pierre enters."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man who knows Pierre in Rostopchín’s reception room",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the men"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man among the officials whom Pierre knows; he greets Pierre before resuming his conversation."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man holding Rostopchín’s broadsheet",
      "aliases": [
        "another"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man in the reception room who points to a printed broadsheet while discussing orders."
    },
    {
      "name": "Rostopchín’s adjutant discussing the proclamation",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer serving Rostopchín who explains the case against the young Vereshchágin and gossips with Pierre about Hélène."
    },
    {
      "name": "The restaurant keeper’s father",
      "aliases": [
        "the father"
      ],
      "description": "The elderly Vereshchágin, who comes to Rostopchín seeking help for his imprisoned son."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old attendant accompanying the wounded prince",
      "aliases": [
        "the venerable old attendant",
        "the old servant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly attendant who rides beside the driver of a covered calèche carrying a wounded man. He says they do not expect the man to survive the journey home."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctor accompanying the wounded prince",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed physician who follows the covered calèche carrying Prince Andrew and approves the offer to take him into the Rostóvs’ house."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two soldiers accompanying the wounded prince",
      "aliases": [
        "the two soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed soldiers who follow the calèche carrying the wounded Prince Andrew."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded officer at the Rostóvs’ gate",
      "aliases": [
        "the pale young officer",
        "the officer with a bandaged arm"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed wounded officer who asks Count Rostóv to let him ride in one of the family’s carts."
    },
    {
      "name": "The elderly orderly asking for transport",
      "aliases": [
        "the elderly orderly"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed orderly who asks Count Rostóv for a place in a cart on behalf of his wounded master."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officers and orderlies seeking transport",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded officers and their orderlies"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed wounded officers and their attendants who come to the Rostóvs’ house seeking places in carts to leave Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "Sónya’s letter from Nicholas",
      "aliases": [
        "Nicholas’s letter"
      ],
      "description": "A letter from Nicholas Rostóv that mentions his meeting with Princess Mary and prompts the countess’s hopes for their marriage."
    },
    {
      "name": "Obolénski’s regiment of Cossacks",
      "aliases": [
        "the regiment"
      ],
      "description": "A Cossack regiment assembling near Bélaya Tsérkov, which Pétya joins before being transferred to another regiment near Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The three sons of the countess’s acquaintance",
      "aliases": [
        "the three sons"
      ],
      "description": "Three unnamed young men killed in the war, whose deaths intensify Countess Rostóva’s fear for her sons."
    },
    {
      "name": "The countess’s acquaintance",
      "aliases": [
        "one of her acquaintances"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman whose three sons have been killed in the war."
    },
    {
      "name": "The stout major in Povarskáya Street",
      "aliases": [
        "the major"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed major supervising a line of wounded men’s carts. He grants Natásha permission to shelter wounded officers in the Rostóvs’ house."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded officers brought to the Rostóvs’ house",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded men"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed wounded men whom Natásha and Mávra Kuzmínichna invite into the Rostóvs’ yard and home as Moscow is evacuated."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ servants and household workers",
      "aliases": [
        "the housekeeper, the old nurse, the cooks, coachmen, maids, footmen, postilions, and scullions"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed members of the household who gather at the gate to watch the wounded arrive and help prepare the Rostóvs’ departure."
    },
    {
      "name": "Madame Schoss’s daughter",
      "aliases": [
        "her daughter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman visited by Madame Schoss during the Moscow unrest."
    },
    {
      "name": "The butler’s assistant",
      "aliases": [
        "the assistant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed household worker who objects when Natásha repacks the Rostóvs’ carpets and china, then helps press a case shut."
    },
    {
      "name": "The major-domo at the Rostóvs’ house",
      "aliases": [
        "the major-domo",
        "Vasílich"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed senior household servant who oversees packing and initially refuses requests to transport wounded men. Count Rostóv orders him to make room in the carts."
    },
    {
      "name": "Matrëna Timoféevna",
      "aliases": [
        "the countess’s lady’s maid"
      ],
      "description": "The countess’s longtime lady’s maid, who now performs a role like a chief guard in the household. She tells the countess that Madame Schoss is offended and that the young ladies’ summer dresses cannot be left behind."
    },
    {
      "name": "The spirit dealer in Myasnítski Street",
      "aliases": [
        "the spirit dealer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed shopkeeper whose premises are surrounded by a drunken crowd breaking open barrels during the Moscow unrest."
    },
    {
      "name": "The cabman who drives Madame Schoss",
      "aliases": [
        "the cabman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed driver who takes Madame Schoss home by a side street and tells her that people are breaking into the drink store."
    },
    {
      "name": "The household servants packing the Rostóvs’ belongings",
      "aliases": [
        "the servants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed servants who hurry through the Rostóvs’ house and yard, packing and disputing over preparations for departure."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ wounded general",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded man in the calèche",
        "Prince Andrew Bolkónski"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Andrew, who is brought to the Rostóvs’ house in a covered calèche after being wounded at Borodinó. His attendant and doctor fear he will not survive the journey."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ wounded prince’s doctor and escort",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctor and two soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed doctor and two soldiers who follow Prince Andrew’s covered calèche to the Rostóvs’ home."
    },
    {
      "name": "Matrëna Timoféevna at the Rostóvs’ evacuation",
      "aliases": [
        "Matrëna Timoféevna"
      ],
      "description": "The countess’s former lady’s maid, now acting as her chief guard. She reports that Madame Schoss is offended because her trunk was taken off a cart to make room for wounded men."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ carters and estate peasants",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasants who came with the carts"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed workers who arrive with carts from the Rostóvs’ estates and carry household possessions during the evacuation."
    },
    {
      "name": "M. de Beausset",
      "aliases": [
        "the prefect of the French Emperor’s palace",
        "de Beausset"
      ],
      "description": "The prefect of Napoleon’s palace, who brings the Emperor a portrait of his son. At Borodinó, he respectfully suggests lunch and fails to grasp the significance of Napoleon’s grim response to the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "Murat’s adjutant at Borodinó",
      "aliases": [
        "the handsome lad with long black curls",
        "the handsome boy adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, handsome young officer sent by Murat to ask Napoleon for reinforcements. Napoleon refuses his request, and he returns to the fighting."
    },
    {
      "name": "Caulaincourt",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A leading French diplomat and courtier in Napoleon’s circle. At Borodinó, Napoleon summons him and Berthier to discuss matters unrelated to the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "Belliard",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A French general who arrives at Napoleon’s knoll and urgently argues that reinforcements are needed. Napoleon sends him to inspect the fighting again."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Claparède",
      "aliases": [
        "Claparède"
      ],
      "description": "A French general whose division Napoleon first orders forward as reinforcements, then replaces with Friant’s division."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Friant",
      "aliases": [
        "Friant"
      ],
      "description": "A French general whose division Napoleon orders forward after reversing his decision to send Claparède’s division."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general offering to lead the Old Guard",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French general who offers to lead the Old Guard into battle. Ney and Berthier regard the offer as senseless, and Napoleon refuses to risk the Guard."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant reporting the artillery fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who tells Napoleon that the concentrated fire of two hundred guns has failed to dislodge the Russians."
    },
    {
      "name": "The generals in Napoleon’s suite",
      "aliases": [
        "the generals of the suite"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French generals gathered around Napoleon at Borodinó. They hear Belliard’s plea for reinforcements and share the grim awareness that the battle is unlike Napoleon’s earlier victories."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Duke of Württemberg",
      "aliases": [
        "the duke"
      ],
      "description": "A senior commander whom Kutúzov asks to take command of the First Army after hearing that Bagratión is wounded. The duke asks for more troops, and Kutúzov recalls him and assigns the command to Dokhtúrov."
    },
    {
      "name": "Scherbínin",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Russian officer who brings Kutúzov news from the left flank that the French have captured the flèches and Semënovsk."
    },
    {
      "name": "Wolzogen",
      "aliases": [
        "Adjutant General Wolzogen"
      ],
      "description": "A German military adviser associated with abstract plans. At Borodinó he reports Barclay de Tolly’s view that the battle is lost; Kutúzov angrily rejects his account and orders him to tell Barclay that the Russians will attack the next day."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Bagratión",
      "aliases": [
        "Bagratión",
        "Prince Peter Ivánovich Bagratión"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander whose forces hold the left flank at Borodinó. He is wounded during the battle; Kutúzov sends an adjutant to learn his condition."
    },
    {
      "name": "Uvárov",
      "aliases": [
        "Theodore Uvárov"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander whose cavalry puts the French to flight on their left flank at Borodinó."
    },
    {
      "name": "Kaysárov",
      "aliases": [
        "Kutúzov’s adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "Kutúzov’s adjutant, ordered to write the next day’s order of the day. He attends the council of war at Filí."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Ostermann-Tolstóy",
      "aliases": [
        "Ostermann"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander at the council of war at Filí, where he sits absorbed in thought."
    },
    {
      "name": "Crosart",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A newly arrived Frenchman in a Spanish uniform who describes the battle of Salamanca during the gathering on Poklónny Hill."
    },
    {
      "name": "The German prince serving with the Russian army",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the German princes"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed German prince serving with the Russian army, who discusses with Crosart whether Moscow could be defended like Saragossa."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant sent by Milorádovich",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who arrives while Kutúzov is considering a proposed move toward the Kalúga road and asks whether Milorádovich should engage the French or retreat."
    },
    {
      "name": "Andrew Savostyánov",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant whose hut hosts the council"
      ],
      "description": "A peasant whose hut in Filí hosts the council of war. His six-year-old granddaughter Malásha remains in the room during the meeting."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant who rides to Prince Bagratión",
      "aliases": [
        "one of Kutúzov’s adjutants"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer whom Kutúzov sends to find out exactly how badly Prince Bagratión is wounded."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant returning from the Duke of Württemberg",
      "aliases": [
        "the duke’s adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who tells Kutúzov that the Duke of Württemberg is asking for more troops."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant announcing Murat’s capture",
      "aliases": [
        "an adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who brings Kutúzov news that Murat has been captured."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant sent to spread news of Murat’s capture",
      "aliases": [
        "an adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer whom Kutúzov sends to circulate news of Murat’s capture through the Russian army."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer ordered to announce the attack",
      "aliases": [
        "another"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer whom Kutúzov orders to ride along the line and announce that the Russians will attack the next day."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Prozoróvski",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A commander under whom Kutúzov served in Turkey. Kutúzov recalls that the honors awarded to Prozoróvski had galled him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French general reporting a request for reinforcements",
      "aliases": [
        "the prince"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French commander whose request for reinforcements is conveyed to Napoleon by an adjutant."
    },
    {
      "name": "The artillery commander on the Semënovsk heights",
      "aliases": [
        "the artillery commander"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer who proposes concentrating more artillery on the Semënovsk heights. Napoleon agrees and orders a report on its effect."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctor at the Borodinó dressing station",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the doctors",
        "the spectacled doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed surgeon at the dressing station who operates on Prince Andrew, removing bone fragments and damaged tissue from his wounds. After the operation, he silently kisses Andrew on the lips."
    },
    {
      "name": "The dresser who points out Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the dresser"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed medical attendant who points Prince Andrew out to the surgeon at the dressing station."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Tartar at the dressing station",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed wounded soldier, apparently a Cossack, held down by four soldiers while a surgeon cuts into his back."
    },
    {
      "name": "The tall wounded man with the amputated leg",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded man whose head seems familiar"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, well-fed wounded man whose head looks familiar to Prince Andrew. After doctors amputate his leg, Andrew recognizes him as Anatole Kurágin."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctor's assistant at Anatole’s operation",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the doctors"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed doctor who assists in the operation to amputate Anatole’s leg."
    },
    {
      "name": "The dressers at the Borodinó dressing station",
      "aliases": [
        "the dressers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed medical attendants who prepare the wounded for treatment, hold patients down during operations, and assist the surgeons."
    },
    {
      "name": "The four soldiers holding the Tartar",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed soldiers who hold down the wounded Tartar while the surgeon operates on his back."
    },
    {
      "name": "The tall black-haired noncommissioned officer at the dressing station",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded noncommissioned officer with a bandaged head"
      ],
      "description": "A handsome, feverish noncommissioned officer wounded in the head and leg. He tells the wounded and stretcher-bearers that the Russians drove the French back and captured their king."
    },
    {
      "name": "The militiamen carrying Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasants with stretchers",
        "the peasants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed peasant militiamen who carry Prince Andrew on a stretcher from the battlefield to the dressing station. They struggle to keep in step until one calls to Fëdor."
    },
    {
      "name": "Fëdor, the stretcher-bearer",
      "aliases": [
        "the foremost peasant",
        "Fëdor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed peasant stretcher-bearer who tells a companion named Fëdor to get in step while they carry Prince Andrew."
    },
    {
      "name": "The second peasant stretcher-bearer",
      "aliases": [
        "the one behind"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed peasant who carries Prince Andrew’s stretcher and happily notes when he has found the right pace."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant beside Prince Andrew’s regiment",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who obeys Prince Andrew’s order to prevent the regiment from crowding together. He throws himself down when a shell lands nearby."
    },
    {
      "name": "The battalion commander beside Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the battalion commander",
        "the major"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed commander who rides up to Prince Andrew’s regiment as a shell lands nearby; his horse bolts in terror."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier warning Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier who cries out a warning as a shell falls near Prince Andrew and the battalion commander."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldiers at the dressing station",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier stretcher-bearers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed soldiers, wounded and unwounded, who gather around the dressing tents and watch the treatment of the wounded despite officers’ attempts to clear the area."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officers keeping order at the dressing station",
      "aliases": [
        "the officers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officers who try to keep the crowds of soldiers away from the dressing tents."
    },
    {
      "name": "The dressers fetching water at the dressing station",
      "aliases": [
        "the dressers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed medical attendants who run from the tents to fetch water and identify which wounded men should be brought in."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded waiting outside the tents",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded men"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed wounded soldiers waiting for treatment, some groaning, weeping, shouting, swearing, delirious, or asking for vodka."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man whose leg is amputated beside Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the tall, well-fed man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed wounded man whose head looks familiar to Prince Andrew. Surgeons amputate his leg; Andrew recognizes him as Anatole Kurágin."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctor operating on the Tartar",
      "aliases": [
        "the spectacled doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed surgeon who cuts into the Tartar’s back, then helps operate on Prince Andrew and amputate Anatole’s leg."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctors operating on Anatole",
      "aliases": [
        "the two doctors"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed surgeons who amputate Anatole Kurágin’s leg."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier offering Anatole water",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the men supporting him"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man who supports Anatole and offers him water after his leg is amputated."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers supporting Anatole",
      "aliases": [
        "the men supporting him"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed men who support Anatole and offer him water after his leg is amputated."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Moscow commanders gathered on Poklónny Hill",
      "aliases": [
        "the generals"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian generals who gather around Kutúzov to discuss whether the army can defend Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldiers and civilians in the Moscow retreat",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded and unwounded men",
        "the exhausted men"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed people from both armies who are hungry, exhausted, wounded, or still fighting as the armies withdraw from Borodinó toward Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant family in the Filí council hut",
      "aliases": [
        "the men, women, and children"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed large family of Andrew Savostyánov, crowded into the back room while Russian generals meet in their hut."
    },
    {
      "name": "The marshal who reports to Napoleon",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French commander who reports to Napoleon that the concentrated artillery fire has not dislodged the Russians."
    },
    {
      "name": "The troops of the Old Guard",
      "aliases": [
        "the Old Guard"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon’s elite reserve, kept out of the fighting at Borodinó. Napoleon refuses to risk their destruction so far from France."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian army at Borodinó",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian army"
      ],
      "description": "Russian troops who hold their position through the battle despite losing half their strength. Their resistance breaks the French army’s morale."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French army at Borodinó",
      "aliases": [
        "the French army"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon’s multinational invading army, whose exhausted and disorganized troops fail to drive the Russians from their position at Borodinó."
    },
    {
      "name": "The artillerymen at Borodinó",
      "aliases": [
        "the artillerymen"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed gunners on both sides who continue to load and fire despite exhaustion and heavy losses."
    },
    {
      "name": "The small brown dog at Prince Andrew’s regiment",
      "aliases": [
        "the dog"
      ],
      "description": "A small brown dog that trots in front of the regiment, then yelps and runs aside when a shell falls nearby."
    },
    {
      "name": "The horse of the ammunition cart",
      "aliases": [
        "the trace horse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed horse pulling an ammunition cart that gets its leg over a trace as the cart passes Prince Andrew’s regiment."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officers and soldiers in Napoleon’s army",
      "aliases": [
        "the generals, officers, and soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French troops who, after repeated failed attacks at Borodinó, lack the spirit to advance the Old Guard and make another decisive effort."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French and Russian soldiers at Borodinó",
      "aliases": [
        "the men of both sides"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed soldiers who, exhausted by the end of the battle, question why they are killing one another yet continue fighting under the pressures of the moment."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French and Russian generals at Borodinó",
      "aliases": [
        "the generals"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed commanders on both sides who experience the exhaustion and fear of the battle, despite their prior experience of victory."
    },
    {
      "name": "The crows at the dressing station",
      "aliases": [
        "the crows"
      ],
      "description": "Crows that gather among the birch trees near the dressing station, drawn by the smell of blood."
    },
    {
      "name": "The sparrows at the dressing station",
      "aliases": [
        "the sparrows"
      ],
      "description": "Sparrows that peck at oats dropped from the horses’ troughs near the dressing station."
    },
    {
      "name": "The horse of the battalion commander",
      "aliases": [
        "the horse"
      ],
      "description": "The battalion commander’s horse, which rears and bolts when a shell lands nearby, spreading fear among the soldiers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian and French soldiers retreating from Borodinó",
      "aliases": [
        "the crowds of men"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed wounded and unwounded soldiers who drag themselves back toward Mozháysk or Valúevo, while other exhausted troops move forward or continue firing."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Davýdov family",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The family whose fields and meadows near Borodinó become part of the battlefield."
    },
    {
      "name": "The crown serfs of Borodinó",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Unnamed peasants who have farmed and grazed cattle on the crown lands where the battle of Borodinó is fought."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasants of Borodinó, Górki, Shevárdino, and Semënovsk",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Unnamed local peasants who have harvested and grazed cattle on the fields where the battle takes place."
    },
    {
      "name": "The commander of the hospitals",
      "aliases": [
        "the chief of the hospitals"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official who asks the Russian commander in chief where the wounded should be sent during the retreat toward Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The commissary general",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed official who asks where the army’s stores should be taken during the retreat toward Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "Clausewitz",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A German military thinker who rides past Prince Andrew with Wolzogen at Borodinó, discussing the war in terms that dismiss the losses of individual soldiers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack accompanying Wolzogen and Clausewitz",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack riding with Wolzogen and Clausewitz as they pass Prince Andrew before the battle of Borodinó."
    },
    {
      "name": "Colonel Fabvier",
      "aliases": [
        "Fabvier"
      ],
      "description": "A French colonel who arrives at Napoleon’s quarters with M. de Beausset and reports on the French troops’ fighting at Salamanca."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s valet rubbing him",
      "aliases": [
        "the valet who rubs Napoleon"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed valet who rubs Napoleon during his morning toilet."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s valet sprinkling Eau de Cologne",
      "aliases": [
        "the other valet"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed valet who sprinkles Eau de Cologne on Napoleon while he is dressing."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s aide-de-camp reporting the prisoners",
      "aliases": [
        "the aide-de-camp"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed aide-de-camp who reports the number of prisoners taken in the previous day’s action and later admits M. de Beausset and Fabvier."
    },
    {
      "name": "The aide-de-camp with Napoleon’s snuffbox",
      "aliases": [
        "an aide-de-camp"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed aide-de-camp who brings Napoleon a gold snuffbox during his reception of M. de Beausset."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s two valets dressing him",
      "aliases": [
        "the two valets"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed valets who dress Napoleon after his morning toilet."
    },
    {
      "name": "Gérard",
      "aliases": [
        "the painter Gérard"
      ],
      "description": "The painter of the portrait of Napoleon’s son, the King of Rome, which M. de Beausset brings to the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The King of Rome",
      "aliases": [
        "the son and heir of Napoleon",
        "Napoleon’s son"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon and Marie Louise’s young son, depicted in a portrait playing with a ball and stick that symbolize the globe and a scepter. Napoleon orders the portrait shown to the Old Guard, then removed before the boy is exposed to the battlefield."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s marshals",
      "aliases": [
        "the marshals"
      ],
      "description": "French commanders who gather around Napoleon before Borodinó and submit plans for the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Campan",
      "aliases": [
        "Campan"
      ],
      "description": "A French general whose division is ordered to attack the Russian fortifications through the woods at Borodinó. His troops are driven back, and he is wounded."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Pernetti",
      "aliases": [
        "Pernetti",
        "the commander of the artillery of the 1st Corps"
      ],
      "description": "The French artillery commander of the 1st Corps, ordered to advance guns against the Russian batteries and entrenchments."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Dessaix",
      "aliases": [
        "Dessaix"
      ],
      "description": "A French general whose division advances against the Russian flèches at Borodinó."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Fouché",
      "aliases": [
        "Fouché",
        "the commander of the artillery of the 3rd Corps"
      ],
      "description": "The French artillery commander of the 3rd Corps, ordered to position howitzers against the Russian left."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Sorbier",
      "aliases": [
        "Sorbier"
      ],
      "description": "A French general ordered to be ready to advance the Guard’s howitzers against either Russian entrenchment."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Poniatowski",
      "aliases": [
        "Poniatowski"
      ],
      "description": "A commander whose action against Utítsa is described as separate from the main course of the battle. Napoleon orders him to move through the woods toward a village and turn the Russian position, but Túchkov blocks his advance."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Morand",
      "aliases": [
        "Morand"
      ],
      "description": "A French general whose division is ordered to advance toward the redoubt at Borodinó under the vice-King’s leadership; the division is driven back."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Gérard",
      "aliases": [
        "Gérard"
      ],
      "description": "A French general whose division is ordered to advance toward the redoubt at Borodinó under the vice-King’s leadership; the division is driven back."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s valet who omitted the waterproof boots",
      "aliases": [
        "the valet"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed valet whom historians speculate failed to bring Napoleon his waterproof boots, in a hypothetical explanation of Napoleon’s cold and its supposed effect on the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "Charles IX",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The French king whose order is associated with the Massacre of St. Bartholomew; the narrator cites an explanation that blames his stomach illness."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French soldiers at Borodinó",
      "aliases": [
        "the French army"
      ],
      "description": "French, Italian, German, Polish, and Dutch soldiers who, weary and hungry, choose to fight at Borodinó in hopes of taking Moscow. The narrator argues that their decision and the battle’s course were not controlled by Napoleon’s orders."
    },
    {
      "name": "Rapp",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant in attendance"
      ],
      "description": "An adjutant attending Napoleon before Borodinó. He discusses the army’s condition and confirms that the Guards have their rice and biscuits."
    },
    {
      "name": "Corvisart",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Napoleon’s physician, who gives him lozenges for his cold."
    },
    {
      "name": "The tall guardsman on sentry duty",
      "aliases": [
        "the guardsman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Old Guard soldier standing sentry outside Napoleon’s tent. Napoleon asks when he entered service and whether his regiment has received rice."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant who tells Pierre it is time",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed adjutant who rides past Pierre at Górki with a Cossack and urges him that it is time."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack accompanying the adjutant at Górki",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack riding with the adjutant who passes Pierre at Górki on the morning of the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general beside Kutúzov at Górki",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general whom Kutúzov sends toward the crossing. Pierre follows him toward the battlefield."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack who brings the general’s horse",
      "aliases": [
        "a Cossack"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack who brings a horse for the general beside Kutúzov."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers firing at the Kolochá bridge",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian soldiers at the bridge between Górki and Borodinó, where they initially oppose the French attack."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers who rebuke Pierre on horseback",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian infantrymen who shout at Pierre for riding into their ranks and prod his horse aside."
    },
    {
      "name": "The stout colonel in the meadow",
      "aliases": [
        "the colonel"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed colonel standing in the meadow near the bridge. Raévski’s adjutant gives him a message before taking Pierre onward."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded soldier in the hayfield",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier lying in the hay"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier lying dead or gravely wounded among the rows of cut hay near the bridge."
    },
    {
      "name": "The senior artillery officer at Raévski’s Redoubt",
      "aliases": [
        "the tall, long-legged, pockmarked man",
        "the senior officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed artillery officer commanding at Raévski’s Redoubt. He orders grapeshot and ammunition resupply as the French attack intensifies, then is killed during the fighting."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young artillery officer at Raévski’s Redoubt",
      "aliases": [
        "the young round-faced officer",
        "the young officer"
      ],
      "description": "A very young artillery officer, newly out of the Cadet College, who commands two guns at Raévski’s Redoubt. He is wounded and sits doubled over in a pool of blood."
    },
    {
      "name": "The red-faced soldier at Raévski’s Redoubt",
      "aliases": [
        "the red-faced, broad-shouldered soldier",
        "the red-faced humorist"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed broad-shouldered artilleryman who jokes with Pierre about fear and shells. He is badly wounded during the fighting and remains at the redoubt."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old sergeant at Raévski’s Redoubt",
      "aliases": [
        "the old sergeant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed sergeant who rebukes soldiers for watching the retreating front line and urges them to mind their work."
    },
    {
      "name": "The militiamen carrying the wounded",
      "aliases": [
        "the militiamen",
        "the peasants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed peasant militiamen who enter Raévski’s battery to carry away wounded men, hesitating at one whose leg has been torn off."
    },
    {
      "name": "The infantry general who visits the battery",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general who comes to the battery, speaks with its colonel, and orders the infantry supports to lie down under fire."
    },
    {
      "name": "The pale young infantry officer",
      "aliases": [
        "the young officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young officer who walks backward uneasily as the infantry advances, then disappears into the smoke with his unit."
    },
    {
      "name": "The artilleryman sent for ammunition",
      "aliases": [
        "the man ordered to go for ammunition"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed artilleryman ordered to bring ammunition boxes from the reserves. He tells Pierre that the battery is no place for him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French officer Pierre seizes at the redoubt",
      "aliases": [
        "the French officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer in a blue uniform who rushes at Pierre with a sword inside Raévski’s Redoubt. The two seize each other in confusion, then separate when a cannonball passes overhead."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldier shouting “Brothers!”",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier shouting “Brothers!”"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian soldier captured by the French at Raévski’s Redoubt, struggling against those holding him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldier bayoneted in the back",
      "aliases": [
        "the other man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian soldier bayoneted during the French occupation of Raévski’s Redoubt."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldiers counterattacking Raévski’s Redoubt",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian troops"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian soldiers who charge the battery shouting “Hurrah!” and drive the French from the redoubt."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French general captured at Raévski’s Redoubt",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded French general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French general wounded and captured when the Russians retake the redoubt."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French troops attacking Borodinó",
      "aliases": [
        "the French"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French troops who occupy Borodinó and attack the bridge across the Kolochá, but are driven back and lose the bridge, which the Russians burn."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian soldiers at the Kolochá bridge",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russians"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian soldiers who retake and burn the bridge across the Kolochá during the early fighting at Borodinó."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant reporting from Murat",
      "aliases": [
        "an adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French adjutant who reports to Napoleon that Murat’s troops have occupied Borodinó and asks whether they should cross the bridge; by then the Russians have retaken it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant reporting from the flèches",
      "aliases": [
        "an adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French adjutant who falsely reports that the attack on the flèches has been repulsed, Campan wounded, and Davout killed."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general on duty at Kutúzov’s headquarters",
      "aliases": [
        "the general on duty"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general who asks Kutúzov to come inside to review plans and sign papers."
    },
    {
      "name": "Kutúzov’s adjutant at Tsárevo-Zaymíshche",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed adjutant who explains that the priest’s wife plans to welcome Kutúzov with bread and salt and invites Prince Andrew to lunch."
    },
    {
      "name": "The priest’s wife at Tsárevo-Zaymíshche",
      "aliases": [
        "the priest’s wife"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, handsome woman whose husband has welcomed Kutúzov at the church. She tries to offer him bread and salt, then follows him to his quarters."
    },
    {
      "name": "Madame de Genlis",
      "aliases": [
        "Genlis"
      ],
      "description": "The author of Les Chevaliers du Cygne, the French novel Kutúzov reads."
    },
    {
      "name": "Kámenski",
      "aliases": [
        "Count Kámensky"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander whose costly assaults on fortresses Kutúzov contrasts with his own patient conduct of the Turkish campaign."
    },
    {
      "name": "Karpúshka Chigírin",
      "aliases": [
        "Karpushka Chigirin"
      ],
      "description": "A fictional Moscow burgher featured in Rostopchín’s broadsheets, where he angrily mocks the French after hearing they intend to enter Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "Vasíli Lvóvich Púshkin",
      "aliases": [
        "Vasily Lvovich Pushkin"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian writer whose bouts rimés are discussed alongside Rostopchín’s broadsheets."
    },
    {
      "name": "Julie Karágina",
      "aliases": [
        "Julie Drubetskáya",
        "the daughter of Márya Lvóvna Karágina",
        "Princess Drubetskáya"
      ],
      "description": "Borís Drubetskóy’s wife and a wealthy society woman. As she prepares to leave Moscow, she hosts a farewell gathering and teases Pierre about his supposed attachment to Natásha."
    },
    {
      "name": "The militia officer at Julie’s farewell",
      "aliases": [
        "Julie’s chevalier",
        "mon chevalier",
        "the young man in militia uniform"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young man in militia uniform who is accompanying Julie to Nízhni. He jokes about Pierre and the Rostóvs and argues that Count Rostóv could pay his debts if he managed his affairs well."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian writer at Julie’s farewell",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian writer",
        "the author"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed writer who corrects Julie’s Russian and participates in the conversation at her farewell gathering."
    },
    {
      "name": "Barbara Ivánovna",
      "aliases": [
        "Barbara Ivanovna"
      ],
      "description": "A woman whose reports about the troops and unrest in Moscow frighten the eldest princess; she is said to have been nearly attacked for speaking French."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two younger princesses in Pierre’s household",
      "aliases": [
        "the two younger ones"
      ],
      "description": "Two younger nieces of Count Bezúkhov who have married and no longer live in Pierre’s house."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French cook accused of spying",
      "aliases": [
        "the stout Frenchman",
        "the man with red whiskers"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French cook accused of being a spy and flogged by the authorities in Moscow. He tries to appear firm but breaks down crying afterward."
    },
    {
      "name": "The second French criminal at Lóbnoe Place",
      "aliases": [
        "the thin and pale Frenchman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, thin Frenchman who stands near the cook after the flogging and is about to be undressed for punishment."
    },
    {
      "name": "The executioner at Lóbnoe Place",
      "aliases": [
        "the executioner"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed executioner who releases the flogged French cook from the bench and prepares the other prisoner for punishment."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wrinkled clerk at Lóbnoe Place",
      "aliases": [
        "the clerk"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed clerk in the crowd who jokes about the French cook’s distress, prompting some onlookers to laugh."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre’s coachman on the drive through Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed driver whom Pierre angrily redirects home after realizing he must leave Moscow for the army."
    },
    {
      "name": "Evstáfey",
      "aliases": [
        "Pierre’s head coachman"
      ],
      "description": "Pierre’s head coachman, known throughout Moscow and able to arrange almost anything. He organizes Pierre’s departure for the army and sends his saddle horses ahead."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers wounded at Shevárdino",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian soldiers carried in carts toward Moscow after the engagement at Shevárdino."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded old soldier asking about Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the old soldier with a bandaged arm"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed wounded soldier walking beside a cart who asks Pierre whether the wounded will be taken to Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded soldier with the swollen cheek",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier with his head wrapped in rags"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed wounded soldier in a cart whose face is badly swollen. He mutters reproachfully at the cavalry singers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The fair-haired wounded recruit",
      "aliases": [
        "the young lad",
        "the recruit"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young, fair-haired soldier in a cart, pale from blood loss and looking kindly at Pierre."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded soldier lying in the cart",
      "aliases": [
        "the third wounded man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed wounded soldier lying prone in a cart, his face hidden from Pierre."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant drivers of the wounded convoy",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant drivers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed drivers who haul the wounded soldiers toward Moscow in carts."
    },
    {
      "name": "The cavalry singers descending the Mozháysk hill",
      "aliases": [
        "the singers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed soldiers who sing as their cavalry regiment descends the hill past the wounded convoy."
    },
    {
      "name": "The head army doctor",
      "aliases": [
        "the army doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed senior Russian doctor whom Pierre meets on the road near Mozháysk. He advises Pierre to apply to Kutúzov and warns that the army lacks enough medical staff and equipment for the expected casualties."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young surgeon traveling with the head army doctor",
      "aliases": [
        "the young surgeon"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed surgeon accompanying the head army doctor in his covered gig."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack driving the head army doctor",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack seated at the driver’s place in the head army doctor’s gig."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two officers directing the militia at Górki",
      "aliases": [
        "the officers on the knoll"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officers who direct peasant militiamen digging earthworks near Górki before the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "The elderly sergeant at the Borodinó earthworks",
      "aliases": [
        "the elderly sergeant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed sergeant who insists that gabions be sent for while an officer explains the Russian position to Pierre."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer who explains the Borodinó position",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer who constructed the entrenchments"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who tells Pierre about the Russian center and flanks and says he constructed much of the entrenchments. He predicts that many men will be missing after the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "The priest bearing the Smolénsk icon",
      "aliases": [
        "the little old man in a hood",
        "the priest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly priest who leads the procession carrying the Smolénsk Mother of God icon and conducts a service for the army."
    },
    {
      "name": "The chanter at the icon service",
      "aliases": [
        "the chanter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed church singer who assists the priest during the service for the Smolénsk icon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The bald general at the icon service",
      "aliases": [
        "the bald general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general wearing a St. George’s Cross who listens to the service without crossing himself."
    },
    {
      "name": "The martial general at the icon service",
      "aliases": [
        "the other general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general who crosses himself with a vigorous gesture while looking around at the crowd."
    },
    {
      "name": "Borís Drubetskóy",
      "aliases": [
        "Borís",
        "her son",
        "her only son",
        "Borís Drubetskáya",
        "Bóry",
        "Bóry Rostóva’s godson"
      ],
      "description": "Anna Mikháylovna’s son and Julie Karágina’s husband. At Borodinó he serves with Bennigsen’s party at headquarters and carefully cultivates influence as command and rewards may shift after the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "Andrew Kaysárov",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant’s brother"
      ],
      "description": "Kaysárov’s brother, whom Kutúzov calls on to recite verses by Márin about Gerákov."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general who discusses the Borodinó position with Bennigsen",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general who listens as Bennigsen explains the disposition of Russian troops."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Wittgenstein",
      "aliases": [
        "Wittgenstein"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander named in a Moscow broadsheet as having defeated the French."
    },
    {
      "name": "Márin",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The author of verses about Gerákov that Kutúzov asks Andrew Kaysárov to recite."
    },
    {
      "name": "Gerákov",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The subject of verses by Márin that Kutúzov recalls and asks Andrew Kaysárov to recite."
    },
    {
      "name": "The priest at Górki",
      "aliases": [
        "the priest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed priest whose home serves as Kutúzov’s headquarters at Tsárevo-Zaymíshche."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian peasant militiamen at Górki",
      "aliases": [
        "the militiamen"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed peasants in white shirts who dig earthworks near Górki before Borodinó. They later wear clean shirts in readiness for battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Nicholas Andréevich Bolkónski",
      "aliases": [
        "General in Chief Prince Nicholas Andréevich",
        "the old prince",
        "the King of Prussia",
        "Prince Nicholas Bolkónski",
        "Prince Bolkónski"
      ],
      "description": "Princess Mary and Prince Andrew’s father. He suffers a paralyzing stroke at Bald Hills, briefly regains enough clarity to speak tenderly with Mary and ask for Andrew, then dies at Boguchárovo."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctor attending the old prince",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed physician who treats Prince Nicholas Andréevich after his stroke and accompanies him to Boguchárovo. He tells Princess Mary when her father is able to receive her and later prevents her from entering his room before his final stroke."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old prince’s household nurse",
      "aliases": [
        "her nurse",
        "the nurse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed nurse in the old prince’s household who is present in his room near his death and tries to dissuade Princess Mary from addressing the peasants."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old prince’s militia recruits",
      "aliases": [
        "the militiamen"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed men from the villages whom Prince Nicholas Andréevich arms to defend Bald Hills. Some support him when he falls ill."
    },
    {
      "name": "The domestic serfs at Bald Hills",
      "aliases": [
        "the serfs",
        "the domestics"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed household workers at Bald Hills who help support the stricken old prince and later appear among those gathered around his coffin."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Marshal of the Nobility for the Boguchárovo district",
      "aliases": [
        "the Marshal",
        "the provincial Marshal of the Nobility"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed local noble official who urges Princess Mary to leave Boguchárovo before the French arrive. He comes to her home on the day her father dies but cannot return for the funeral after the French advance."
    },
    {
      "name": "The head of the rural police",
      "aliases": [
        "the head of the rural police"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed local official who warns Princess Mary that the French are nearby and urges her to remove her father before the fifteenth."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French general whose proclamation reaches Boguchárovo",
      "aliases": [
        "General Rameau",
        "M. le Général Rameau"
      ],
      "description": "A French general whose proclamation promises protection and payment for supplies to inhabitants who remain in their homes. Mademoiselle Bourienne urges Princess Mary to appeal to him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The inhabitants of Boguchárovo",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasants",
        "the steppe peasants",
        "the commune"
      ],
      "description": "The village’s quitrent-paying peasants, whose rumors and contact with the French shape their decision to stay rather than flee. They refuse Princess Mary’s grain, then prevent her departure, believing they have orders to remain."
    },
    {
      "name": "Alpátych",
      "aliases": [
        "Yákov Alpátych",
        "the overseer"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Nicholas Andréevich’s longtime steward and Princess Mary’s trusted estate manager. He tries to arrange her evacuation, but the Boguchárovo peasants resist; he summons Nicholas Rostóv, whose arrival ends the revolt."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasants’ meeting speaker",
      "aliases": [
        "the voice at the back of the crowd"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who tells Princess Mary that the villagers will not take the landlord’s grain."
    },
    {
      "name": "The very old peasant with a stick",
      "aliases": [
        "the old man leaning on his stick"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly Boguchárovo peasant who tells Princess Mary that the villagers do not want her grain."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old peasant whose son was conscripted",
      "aliases": [
        "the little old man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who accuses Dron of protecting his own son from conscription while the old man’s son Vánka was taken for a soldier."
    },
    {
      "name": "Vánka",
      "aliases": [
        "the old peasant’s son"
      ],
      "description": "The son of an unnamed Boguchárovo peasant, conscripted into the army."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two tall old peasants at the tavern",
      "aliases": [
        "the two tall peasants",
        "the old men"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed, drunken Boguchárovo peasants who approach Nicholas Rostóv and Ilyín singing when the officers arrive."
    },
    {
      "name": "The short peasant asking about the Russian force",
      "aliases": [
        "the short man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who asks Nicholas Rostóv whether many Russian troops are nearby."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Boguchárovo peasants who praise Alpátych",
      "aliases": [
        "the two peasants"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed peasants who follow Alpátych and address him familiarly when he brings Rostóv to Princess Mary."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two drunken peasants who follow the prisoners",
      "aliases": [
        "the two drunken peasants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed villagers who follow Karp and Dron after their arrest and rebuke them for resisting the landowners."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant packing the casket",
      "aliases": [
        "the man with a round smiling face"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who carefully packs a casket into Princess Mary’s carriage."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant carrying Prince Andrew’s library",
      "aliases": [
        "the other peasant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who carries out Prince Andrew’s bookcases and remarks on the weight of the books."
    },
    {
      "name": "The round-faced peasant packing the books",
      "aliases": [
        "the tall, round-faced peasant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who oversees the careful packing and jokes that Prince Andrew worked all day rather than play."
    },
    {
      "name": "The village Elder at the old prince’s coffin",
      "aliases": [
        "the village Elder"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed village Elder among the people who gather around Prince Nicholas Andréevich’s coffin."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant women at the old prince’s coffin",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant women"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed women who gather with the Marshal and village Elder to pay their respects at Prince Nicholas Andréevich’s coffin."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old prince’s daughter-in-law",
      "aliases": [
        "the old sister-in-law"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed older woman who puts a bundle into Alpátych’s carriage before he leaves for Smolénsk."
    },
    {
      "name": "Antichrist",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A figure in the Boguchárovo peasants’ rumors, associated with the French invasion, the end of the world, and the promise of freedom."
    },
    {
      "name": "Peter Fëdorovich",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A name in the Boguchárovo peasants’ rumor that he will return to the throne in seven years and bring freedom."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasants who joined the migration to the warm rivers",
      "aliases": [
        "the migrants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed peasants, including Dron and people from Boguchárovo, who joined a mass movement toward imagined warm rivers about twenty years earlier. Many were punished, died on the road, or returned."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant bringing French money from Visloúkhovo",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant from Visloúkhovo"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed peasant who brings back a French general’s proclamation and one hundred rubles paid in advance for hay, not knowing the notes are false."
    },
    {
      "name": "The village Elder who meets the Marshal",
      "aliases": [
        "the village Elder"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed local official whom the Marshal of the Nobility meets while urging Princess Mary to leave."
    },
    {
      "name": "The village coachman who runs away",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed coachman who flees when Rostóv and the other cavalrymen are mistaken for French soldiers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two women who approach the officers",
      "aliases": [
        "the two women"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed women who come from the big house toward Nicholas Rostóv and Ilyín when the officers arrive at Boguchárovo."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant who asks Rostóv who he belongs to",
      "aliases": [
        "the man who came out of the crowd"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who questions the arriving officers about whom they serve."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ilyín",
      "aliases": [
        "the young officer",
        "the cornet"
      ],
      "description": "A young officer in Nicholas Rostóv’s regiment and his devoted protégé. He rides with Rostóv to Boguchárovo and flirts with Dunyásha."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lavrúshka",
      "aliases": [
        "Lavwúska"
      ],
      "description": "Denísov’s former orderly, who has returned from French captivity and now accompanies Nicholas Rostóv. He helps seize Karp during the Boguchárovo revolt."
    },
    {
      "name": "The hussar orderly accompanying Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "the orderly"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed hussar orderly who rides with Nicholas Rostóv and Ilyín to Boguchárovo and holds Rostóv’s horse."
    },
    {
      "name": "Donéts",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Nicholas Rostóv’s chestnut horse, which he rides into Boguchárovo."
    },
    {
      "name": "The village meeting speaker opposing Dron",
      "aliases": [
        "another peasant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who claims there is an order not to move or take away any grain."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Marshal of the Nobility who visits Princess Mary",
      "aliases": [
        "the Marshal of the Nobility of the district",
        "the provincial Marshal of the Nobility"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed local noble official who urges Princess Mary to evacuate before the French arrive. He personally presses her to leave and meets her again after her father’s final stroke."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two peasants ordered to bind Karp",
      "aliases": [
        "the two men"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Boguchárovo peasants who obey Alpátych’s order to help bind Karp."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two peasants who bind Dron",
      "aliases": [
        "two more peasants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Boguchárovo peasants who bind Dron after Nicholas Rostóv identifies him as the village Elder."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant who receives the casket from a housemaid",
      "aliases": [
        "the man with a round smiling face"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who carefully packs a casket while the villagers prepare Princess Mary’s belongings for departure."
    },
    {
      "name": "The swarthy lieutenant colonel of hussars at headquarters",
      "aliases": [
        "Lieutenant Colonel Denísov",
        "Váska Denísov"
      ],
      "description": "Denísov, Nicholas Rostóv’s friend, who meets Prince Andrew while waiting for Kutúzov. He describes his proposed attack on the French line of communication and is invited to remain at headquarters."
    },
    {
      "name": "The commander in chief’s orderly",
      "aliases": [
        "the smart orderly"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, smartly dressed orderly at Kutúzov’s headquarters who answers a hussar lieutenant colonel curtly when asked whether Kutúzov is there."
    },
    {
      "name": "The orderlies, courier, and major-domo at headquarters",
      "aliases": [
        "the two orderlies",
        "the courier",
        "the major-domo"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed members of Kutúzov’s staff waiting near the priest’s house while the commander in chief reviews the troops."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general with a portfolio",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general who appears at Kutúzov’s headquarters carrying a portfolio and reports that he is ready."
    },
    {
      "name": "Intendant General Kiríl Andréevich Denísov",
      "aliases": [
        "Kiríl Andréevich Denísov",
        "Denísov’s uncle"
      ],
      "description": "Denísov’s uncle, a former friend of Kutúzov. Kutúzov recognizes the family connection when Denísov presents his plan."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack at the gate",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack who announces that Kutúzov is approaching."
    },
    {
      "name": "The guard of honor at Kutúzov’s arrival",
      "aliases": [
        "the guard of honor",
        "the Grenadiers"
      ],
      "description": "A group of decorated Grenadiers who salute Kutúzov as he arrives at Tsárevo-Zaymíshche."
    },
    {
      "name": "The generals and officers in Kutúzov’s suite",
      "aliases": [
        "the huge suite"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officers and generals who accompany Kutúzov during his review and arrival at headquarters."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two peasants who follow Alpátych",
      "aliases": [
        "the two peasants"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed Boguchárovo peasants who remain close to Alpátych as he approaches Nicholas Rostóv."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pfuel",
      "aliases": [
        "the chief author of the plan of campaign"
      ],
      "description": "A German military theorist who devised the Drissa campaign plan. The plan is abandoned after Paulucci influences Alexander."
    },
    {
      "name": "Paulucci",
      "aliases": [
        "Marquis Paulucci",
        "the Sardinian émigré"
      ],
      "description": "An outspoken general who influences Alexander to abandon Pfuel’s plan; the narrator says he hoped to become commander in chief."
    },
    {
      "name": "Grand Duke Constantine Pávlovich",
      "aliases": [
        "the Grand Duke",
        "the Tsarévich",
        "His Imperial Highness"
      ],
      "description": "The Emperor’s brother and commander of the Russian Guards. He remains with the army after Alexander departs, hints that Barclay is a traitor, and demands a general engagement."
    },
    {
      "name": "Wintzingerode",
      "aliases": [
        "our dear Wintzingerode"
      ],
      "description": "A foreign general whose presence with other foreign advisers further aggravates relations among the Russian commanders."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Polish adjutants general in Barclay’s circle",
      "aliases": [
        "Lubomírski",
        "Bronnítski",
        "Wlocki"
      ],
      "description": "Polish adjutants general who, with others in their group, stir up conflict at headquarters. Barclay sends them to Petersburg under the pretext of carrying papers to the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general sent to survey the proposed battlefield",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general who is sent to inspect a possible battlefield near Smolénsk. Hating Barclay, he visits a friend instead and condemns the position without having seen it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The corps commander, friend of the surveying general",
      "aliases": [
        "the corps commander"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed commander and friend of the general sent to survey the battlefield. The general spends the day with him instead of inspecting the position."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Emperor’s advisers and adjutants general",
      "aliases": [
        "the advisers",
        "the swarm of adjutants general",
        "the eyes of the Emperor"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed advisers and officers around Alexander and the army who offer competing plans and keep Barclay under observation, contributing to indecision."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian commanders and people opposing the retreat",
      "aliases": [
        "the commanders and people"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russians angered by the army’s withdrawal into the country and the abandonment of Smolénsk."
    },
    {
      "name": "The inhabitants of Smolénsk",
      "aliases": [
        "the inhabitants"
      ],
      "description": "Residents who burn their own city after being misled by its governor, then flee toward Moscow, spreading anger against the French."
    },
    {
      "name": "Raévski’s two sons",
      "aliases": [
        "his two sons"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed sons of General Raévski, said in a patriotic story to have stood with him against the French."
    },
    {
      "name": "Princess Aline",
      "aliases": [
        "Aline"
      ],
      "description": "A woman in Moscow who sits with Julie Drubetskóy during the war; the text gives no further identification."
    },
    {
      "name": "Princess Sophie",
      "aliases": [
        "Sophie"
      ],
      "description": "A woman in Moscow who sits with Julie Drubetskóy during the war; the text gives no further identification."
    },
    {
      "name": "The “God’s folk” visiting Princess Mary",
      "aliases": [
        "the pilgrims",
        "God’s folk"
      ],
      "description": "Religious wanderers who sometimes visit Princess Mary at Bald Hills. They bring popular rumors that the invasion is the work of Antichrist."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old prince’s serf reader",
      "aliases": [
        "the serf boy"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed serf boy who reads aloud to the old prince while he dozes in the drawing room."
    },
    {
      "name": "The governor of Smolénsk",
      "aliases": [
        "the Governor",
        "Baron Asch"
      ],
      "description": "The civil governor of Smolénsk, addressed by Prince Nicholas Bolkónski and by Barclay de Tolly. He tells Alpátych he is leaving and advises the prince’s family to go to Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The governor’s official",
      "aliases": [
        "the official"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official at the governor’s office who takes the letters Alpátych brings from Prince Nicholas Bolkónski."
    },
    {
      "name": "The stout official with a cross",
      "aliases": [
        "the stout official with a cross hanging on his neck"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official whom another official calls into the governor’s room while people wait for news."
    },
    {
      "name": "The dusty officer at the governor’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, perspiring officer who rushes into the governor’s room speaking French and gives news that frightens the governor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The ex-captain of police at the governor’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the ex-captain of police",
        "one of the landed gentry"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed landowner who angrily complains at the governor’s house that the authorities have ruined families by failing to provide carts."
    },
    {
      "name": "The other landed gentleman at the governor’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the other"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed landowner who tries to quiet the ex-captain of police while they wait at the governor’s house."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ferapóntov",
      "aliases": [
        "the innkeeper",
        "the host"
      ],
      "description": "A prosperous innkeeper and corn dealer in Smolénsk who has known Alpátych for decades. He beats his wife when she begs to flee, then, as the city is abandoned, tells soldiers to loot his shop and says he will burn it himself."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ferapóntov’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "the mistress",
        "the woman with the baby"
      ],
      "description": "Ferapóntov’s wife, who begs him to flee Smolénsk with her and their children. She later waits in a cellar with her baby and asks what has become of her husband."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ferapóntov’s children",
      "aliases": [
        "the little children",
        "the children"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed children of Ferapóntov and his wife, fleeing Smolénsk with their mother."
    },
    {
      "name": "The baby in Ferapóntov’s family",
      "aliases": [
        "the baby"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed infant carried by Ferapóntov’s wife during the bombardment and flight from Smolénsk."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ferapóntov’s cook",
      "aliases": [
        "the cook"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman working at Ferapóntov’s inn. A shell splinter breaks her thigh during the bombardment, and she is carried into the kitchen."
    },
    {
      "name": "The shop assistant at Ferapóntov’s",
      "aliases": [
        "the shop assistant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed worker at Ferapóntov’s shop who comes to the gate to watch the bombardment."
    },
    {
      "name": "The shopman who enters the cellar",
      "aliases": [
        "the shopman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed shop worker who tells Ferapóntov’s wife that her husband has gone to the cathedral to fetch Smolénsk’s wonder-working icon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The house porter at Ferapóntov’s inn",
      "aliases": [
        "the house porter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed worker who shelters in the cellar with Alpátych and Ferapóntov’s family during the bombardment."
    },
    {
      "name": "The coachman taking Alpátych to Smolénsk",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed driver who accompanies Alpátych and his family to Smolénsk and later drives him through the city’s bombardment and evacuation."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers looting Ferapóntov’s shop",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Russian soldiers who take flour and sunflower seeds from Ferapóntov’s shop as Smolénsk is evacuated."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man in the frieze coat at the fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the man in a frieze coat",
        "the owner himself"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man who helps move burning beams and hay near a fire in Smolénsk. Onlookers say he is the owner of the burning property."
    },
    {
      "name": "The chief of staff who confronts Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the chief of staff"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who accuses Prince Andrew of standing by while houses burn. He is accompanied by Berg."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant at Bald Hills",
      "aliases": [
        "the old peasant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed deaf old man whom Prince Andrew recognizes from childhood, sitting in the neglected garden making a bast shoe."
    },
    {
      "name": "Tarás the gardener",
      "aliases": [
        "Tarás"
      ],
      "description": "The gardener at Bald Hills, whom Prince Andrew calls for but does not find."
    },
    {
      "name": "The serf boy at Bald Hills",
      "aliases": [
        "the little serf boy"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed boy who sees Prince Andrew arrive at Bald Hills and runs into the house."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two little girls at Bald Hills",
      "aliases": [
        "the little girls"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed serf girls who pick plums in the garden and hide when Prince Andrew rides up."
    },
    {
      "name": "The fair-haired soldier bathing",
      "aliases": [
        "the young soldier of the third company"
      ],
      "description": "A young soldier in Prince Andrew’s regiment who crosses himself before plunging into a pond to bathe."
    },
    {
      "name": "The dark noncommissioned officer bathing",
      "aliases": [
        "the noncommissioned officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, shaggy noncommissioned officer who joyfully bathes in the pond with the soldiers."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Aléxis Andréevich Arakchéev",
      "aliases": [
        "Arakchéev",
        "Count Aléxis Andréevich"
      ],
      "description": "The Emperor’s confidant, to whom Bagratión writes about the abandonment of Smolénsk, Barclay’s command, and the army’s retreat."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian prisoner questioned by Berthier",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian prisoner",
        "Plátov’s Cossack"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack captured by the French cavalry who tells Berthier that Plátov’s corps is joining the main army and Kutúzov has been appointed commander in chief."
    },
    {
      "name": "Alpátych’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "his wife"
      ],
      "description": "Alpátych’s unnamed wife, who pleads with him to return quickly because of the rumors of war."
    },
    {
      "name": "Alpátych’s daughter",
      "aliases": [
        "his daughter"
      ],
      "description": "Alpátych’s unnamed daughter, who places cushions in his carriage before his journey to Smolénsk."
    },
    {
      "name": "Alpátych’s traveling household",
      "aliases": [
        "his satellites"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed clerks, servants, relatives, and domestic workers who see Alpátych off on his journey to Smolénsk."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French in the rumor about Plátov",
      "aliases": [
        "the French"
      ],
      "description": "French soldiers whom Ferapóntov says Plátov supposedly drove into the river Márina; the account is presented as rumor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russians retreating from Smolénsk",
      "aliases": [
        "the troops"
      ],
      "description": "Russian soldiers and support personnel withdrawing toward Moscow as the French advance."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers bathing in the pond",
      "aliases": [
        "the men"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed soldiers in Prince Andrew’s regiment who bathe in a muddy pond during the march."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasants approaching Prince Andrew at Bald Hills",
      "aliases": [
        "the group of bareheaded peasants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed peasants who approach Prince Andrew across the meadow at Bald Hills."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctors treating Natásha",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctors",
        "Métivier",
        "Feller",
        "Frise",
        "Múdrov",
        "the doctor"
      ],
      "description": "Several physicians attend Natásha during her illness, consulting and prescribing medicines. Métivier, Feller, Frise, and Múdrov are mentioned by the Rostóvs in connection with her diagnosis or treatment."
    },
    {
      "name": "The coachman taking Natásha’s prescription to the chemist",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed coachman whom the doctor sends to buy medicine for Natásha at a chemist’s in the Arbát."
    },
    {
      "name": "The chemist in the Arbát",
      "aliases": [
        "the chemist"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed chemist who supplies powders and pills prescribed for Natásha."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ coachman",
      "aliases": [
        "Pierre’s coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed driver who knows Pierre stays at the Rostóvs’ until late at night."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ housemaid",
      "aliases": [
        "the maid"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed maid who wakes Natásha early to prepare for church alongside Agraféna Ivánovna Belóva."
    },
    {
      "name": "The priest at Belóva’s church",
      "aliases": [
        "the priest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed priest at a Moscow church whom Belóva regards as a man of severe and lofty life."
    },
    {
      "name": "The deacon at the Razumóvskis’ chapel",
      "aliases": [
        "the deacon"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed church deacon who leads prayers, including a special supplication for Russia’s deliverance from invasion."
    },
    {
      "name": "The priest at the Razumóvskis’ chapel",
      "aliases": [
        "the comely, fresh-looking old man",
        "the priest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly priest who conducts the service at the Razumóvskis’ chapel and reads the special prayer for Russia."
    },
    {
      "name": "The courier from the army",
      "aliases": [
        "the courier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed courier and acquaintance of Pierre who asks him to deliver letters to parents. His bundle includes Nicholas Rostóv’s letter to his father."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young man speaking about Natásha at the chapel",
      "aliases": [
        "the young man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young man who whispers about Natásha as she enters the Razumóvskis’ chapel, referring to her past and appearance."
    },
    {
      "name": "The woman in the crowd who rebukes Pétya",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant woman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman in the crowd at the Trinity Gateway who scolds Pétya for pushing forward."
    },
    {
      "name": "The footman in the crowd",
      "aliases": [
        "the footman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed footman in the crowd at the Trinity Gateway who elbows Pétya aside."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general acquainted with the Rostóvs",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the generals"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general known to the Rostóvs who passes through the Trinity Gateway while Pétya is trying to reach the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The church clerk who helps Pétya",
      "aliases": [
        "the man of clerical appearance",
        "the clerk"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed church clerk or chanter who catches Pétya when the crowd crushes him, then keeps him safe and under his protection."
    },
    {
      "name": "The tradesman’s wife at the Kremlin",
      "aliases": [
        "the woman sobbing"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman in the crowd who weeps and calls the Emperor an angel and dear one."
    },
    {
      "name": "The functionary speaking with the clerk",
      "aliases": [
        "the functionary"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official whom the church clerk talks with while people wait outside the cathedral."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young citizens joking with the serf girls",
      "aliases": [
        "the two young citizens"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed young men joking with serf girls outside the cathedral while Pétya waits for the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The serf girls cracking nuts",
      "aliases": [
        "the girls"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed young women cracking nuts and being teased by two young citizens near the cathedral."
    },
    {
      "name": "The men carrying Pétya from the crowd",
      "aliases": [
        "several people"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed bystanders who help Pétya after he faints, loosen his coat, and seat him on the Tsar-cannon’s platform."
    },
    {
      "name": "The coachman who snatches the Emperor’s biscuit",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman in a jerkin"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed coachman near the palace balcony who grabs a piece of biscuit dropped by the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old woman reaching for a biscuit",
      "aliases": [
        "the old woman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman in the crowd who falls as people rush to catch the biscuits the Emperor throws from the balcony."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Obolénski",
      "aliases": [
        "Obolénski",
        "Fédya Obolénski"
      ],
      "description": "A fifteen-year-old friend of Pétya who has secretly agreed with him to join the hussars. Pétya visits him after seeing the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ domestic serfs",
      "aliases": [
        "the domestic serfs"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed household workers who ask permission to go see the Emperor arrive in Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The retired naval officer speaking at the assembly",
      "aliases": [
        "the naval man",
        "the orator"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed liberal nobleman in retired naval uniform who argues against calling out the militia and criticizes earlier levies."
    },
    {
      "name": "The senator at the Moscow assembly",
      "aliases": [
        "the senator"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed toothless senator who argues that the nobility were summoned to answer the Emperor’s appeal, not debate military policy."
    },
    {
      "name": "Stepán Stepánovich Adráksin",
      "aliases": [
        "Adráksin"
      ],
      "description": "An old acquaintance of Pierre and fellow boston player who opposes Pierre’s suggestion that the nobility ask about the army’s strength and position."
    },
    {
      "name": "The nobleman urging patriotic action",
      "aliases": [
        "the nobleman of medium height",
        "the orator"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed nobleman who passionately urges immediate action and sacrifice for the Tsar, faith, and Fatherland."
    },
    {
      "name": "Glínka",
      "aliases": [
        "the editor of the Russian Messenger"
      ],
      "description": "The editor of the Russian Messenger, who speaks at the Moscow assembly and urges the crowd to meet the enemy’s violence with resolve."
    },
    {
      "name": "The secretary at the Moscow assembly",
      "aliases": [
        "the secretary"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed secretary instructed to record the nobility and gentry’s resolution to furnish ten equipped men per thousand serfs."
    },
    {
      "name": "The fat otkupshchík",
      "aliases": [
        "the fat merchant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed tax farmer who weeps before the Emperor and offers the merchants’ lives and property."
    },
    {
      "name": "The mayor of Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the mayor",
        "the thin sallow man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed mayor who accompanies the Emperor from the merchants’ hall and weeps with emotion."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Mamónov",
      "aliases": [
        "Mamónov"
      ],
      "description": "A count who offers to furnish a regiment; Pierre follows his example by pledging a thousand men and their upkeep."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Emperor’s gentlemen-in-waiting",
      "aliases": [
        "the gentlemen-in-waiting"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed court officials whom Pétya hopes to approach so he can ask to serve the country."
    },
    {
      "name": "The chief magnates of the Moscow nobility",
      "aliases": [
        "the magnates"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed senior nobles who confer and approve the resolution to supply troops."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Moscow nobility and gentry",
      "aliases": [
        "the nobles",
        "the gentry"
      ],
      "description": "The assembled landowning class that agrees to furnish ten equipped men per thousand serfs and then returns to its usual life."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Moscow merchants",
      "aliases": [
        "the merchants"
      ],
      "description": "The merchants assembled at the Slobóda Palace, whose emotional pledges of lives and property move Pierre to offer a regiment’s worth of men."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Moscow notables watching the Emperor",
      "aliases": [
        "the notables"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed dignitaries gathered around the palace while the Emperor dines; Pétya envies those invited to dine with him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Moscow nobleman who interrupts Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "the boston player"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed acquaintance of Pierre, a poor card player and uniformed nobleman, who interrupts him at the assembly to insist that the time is for action."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old miller in Pierre’s dream",
      "aliases": [
        "Brother A."
      ],
      "description": "In Pierre’s dream, a Freemason identified as Brother A. leads him to safety from dogs and points him toward a beautiful temple. The text does not establish whether this is the same person as the Brother A. mentioned elsewhere."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mademoiselle Bourienne’s household ally, the architect",
      "aliases": [
        "the architect",
        "Michael Ivánovich"
      ],
      "description": "The architect in the old prince’s household, aligned with the old prince and Mademoiselle Bourienne in the household’s division into hostile camps."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Wallachian woman",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed woman with whom Kutúzov spends his days and nights while living in Bucharest."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Arakchéev",
      "aliases": [
        "Arakchéev",
        "Síla Andréevich",
        "Minister of War"
      ],
      "description": "A trusted adviser to Emperor Alexander who enforces order and acts as the sovereign’s bodyguard. He agrees to sign Shishkóv’s letter urging the Emperor to leave the army."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Rumyántsev",
      "aliases": [
        "Count Rumyántsev"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian chancellor who supports peace with Napoleon for reasons of state."
    },
    {
      "name": "Baron Stein",
      "aliases": [
        "Count Stein",
        "the ex-Minister Stein"
      ],
      "description": "A former Prussian minister whose advice is valued by Emperor Alexander; he follows the Emperor into Bennigsen’s study."
    },
    {
      "name": "Armfeldt",
      "aliases": [
        "the Swedish General Armfeldt"
      ],
      "description": "A Swedish general at Drissa who proposes a new position for the army during the discussion of the campaign."
    },
    {
      "name": "Shishkóv",
      "aliases": [
        "the Secretary of State"
      ],
      "description": "A Secretary of State and advocate of having Emperor Alexander leave the army. He writes a letter making that suggestion, which Arakchéev and Balashëv agree to sign."
    },
    {
      "name": "Balashëv",
      "aliases": [
        "Adjutant General Balashëv",
        "the Russian envoy"
      ],
      "description": "An adjutant general who agrees to sign Shishkóv’s letter urging the Emperor to leave the army."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Buxhöwden",
      "aliases": [
        "Buxhöwden"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian general whose command claim and rivalry with Bennigsen are part of the army’s leadership disputes."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian officers and courtiers seeking personal advantage",
      "aliases": [
        "the eighth party"
      ],
      "description": "A large, unnamed group at headquarters who pursue posts, money, decorations, and imperial favor amid the competing campaign plans."
    },
    {
      "name": "The elders’ party at headquarters",
      "aliases": [
        "the ninth party",
        "the elders"
      ],
      "description": "A group of experienced, reasonable officials who believe the Emperor and his court should leave the army so a commander in chief can act independently."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young Count Kámensky",
      "aliases": [
        "Count Kámensky"
      ],
      "description": "A young commander whose campaign Prince Andrew begins to describe to his father at Bald Hills."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer with the long mustache",
      "aliases": [
        "Zdrzhinski"
      ],
      "description": "A Pávlograd Hussar officer who recounts an exaggerated account of General Raévski’s exploit at Saltánov. Nicholas listens skeptically but does not challenge the patriotic story."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mary Hendríkhovna",
      "aliases": [
        "the regimental doctor’s wife"
      ],
      "description": "A pretty young German woman married to the Pávlograd Hussars’ doctor. The officers flirt with her during a rainstorm while her husband sleeps nearby."
    },
    {
      "name": "The regimental doctor traveling with his wife",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed doctor in the Pávlograd Hussars who takes his young wife along with the regiment. He objects to the officers’ flirtation and insists they move their covered cart."
    },
    {
      "name": "The three officers playing cards",
      "aliases": [
        "the officers playing cards"
      ],
      "description": "Three unnamed officers occupying the tavern’s small recess while playing cards; they later join the gathering around Mary Hendríkhovna."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French dragoon officer captured by Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "the French officer",
        "the officer with the dimple"
      ],
      "description": "A young French officer with blue eyes and a dimpled chin whom Nicholas Rostóv wounds and captures during a charge. His fear and ordinary, homelike appearance leave Rostóv ashamed and confused about the meaning of heroism."
    },
    {
      "name": "Andrew Sevastyánych",
      "aliases": [
        "the captain beside Rostóv"
      ],
      "description": "A captain standing beside Nicholas Rostóv who agrees that the French dragoons could be attacked."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French dragoons pursuing the Uhlans",
      "aliases": [
        "the French dragoons"
      ],
      "description": "A group of French cavalrymen pursuing Russian Uhlans; Nicholas Rostóv’s squadron charges them, capturing several."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian Uhlans at Ostróvna",
      "aliases": [
        "the Uhlans"
      ],
      "description": "Russian cavalrymen pursued by French dragoons before Rostóv leads his squadron into the fight."
    },
    {
      "name": "The quartermaster ordering the march",
      "aliases": [
        "the quartermaster"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed quartermaster who arrives at the tavern before dawn with orders for the troops to move to Ostróvna."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Ostermann-Tolstóy’s adjutant",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who brings orders from Vítebsk for the Pávlograd Hussars to advance at a trot."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young Count Kámensky’s men",
      "aliases": [
        "the campaign"
      ],
      "description": "Not a character; no individual identity is supplied."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French soldier striking the captured officer",
      "aliases": [
        "the French infantry"
      ],
      "description": "French infantrymen who fire as the hussars retreat with prisoners."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old prince, Prince Nicholas Andréevich Bolkónski",
      "aliases": [
        "General in Chief Prince Nicholas Andréevich",
        "the old prince",
        "the King of Prussia"
      ],
      "description": "Princess Mary and Prince Andrew’s elderly father. He joins Andrew’s discussion of Speránski’s disgrace and shares the Bolkónskis’ contempt for the Rostóvs after the broken engagement."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Meshchérski",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A visitor who debates Speránski’s disgrace with Prince Andrew and Prince Nicholas Andréevich in Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "Speránski",
      "aliases": [
        "Michael Mikháylovich Speránski"
      ],
      "description": "A reforming statesman whom Prince Andrew defends after news of his exile and alleged treachery reaches Moscow. Andrew says Speránski was responsible for the good accomplished during the reign, though he never liked him personally."
    },
    {
      "name": "The coachman taking Pierre home",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed driver who asks Pierre where he wants to go after Pierre visits Natásha."
    },
    {
      "name": "The historian of Napoleon’s departure from Dresden",
      "aliases": [
        "Napoleon’s historian"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed writer whose account describes Napoleon’s farewell to Marie Louise and departure for the army."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Duke of Oldenburg",
      "aliases": [
        "the Duke"
      ],
      "description": "A German ruler whose territory Napoleon seized. His wrongs are cited by contemporaries as one cause of the 1812 war."
    },
    {
      "name": "Rumyántsev",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Russian statesman whom the narrator names among those later credited with causing the 1812 war."
    },
    {
      "name": "The English parliamentarians",
      "aliases": [
        "members of the English Parliament"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed members of Parliament who, in the narrator’s account, blamed Napoleon’s ambition for the war."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Polish count whose estate hosted Napoleon",
      "aliases": [
        "the Polish count"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed landowner whose estate in the Vilkavisski forest hosted Napoleon for a night as he joined his army."
    },
    {
      "name": "The page who supports Napoleon’s telescope",
      "aliases": [
        "the happy page"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed page who runs up to Napoleon and serves as a support for his telescope by the river Víliya."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Polish Uhlan colonel",
      "aliases": [
        "the colonel of the Polish Uhlans",
        "the old mustached officer"
      ],
      "description": "An elderly Polish commander who asks to lead his Uhlans swimming across the river in Napoleon’s sight. Many of his men drown, but Napoleon later orders him enrolled in the Légion d’honneur."
    },
    {
      "name": "The aides-de-camp sent to the Polish Uhlans",
      "aliases": [
        "the two aides-de-camp"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed officers whom Napoleon sends to deliver an order to the Polish Uhlans; one reports the colonel’s daring request."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Polish Uhlans who swim the river",
      "aliases": [
        "the Uhlans"
      ],
      "description": "A body of Polish cavalrymen who attempt to swim across the river at their colonel’s urging; about forty drown."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Saxon shot by Napoleon’s order",
      "aliases": [
        "a Saxon"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Saxon whom Napoleon orders shot after a letter containing information about French army orders is found on him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The lady chosen to host the Vilna fête",
      "aliases": [
        "the hostess"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman considered especially pleasing to Emperor Alexander and invited to host the celebration at Count Bennigsen’s country house."
    },
    {
      "name": "The important personage favored by Hélène",
      "aliases": [
        "a very important personage"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man whose favor Hélène enjoys in Vilna; the passage does not identify him."
    },
    {
      "name": "Countess Potocka",
      "aliases": [
        "Potocka"
      ],
      "description": "A woman Borís tells Hélène he intends to choose as a partner during the mazurka; he believes she has gone onto the veranda."
    },
    {
      "name": "Field Marshal Prince Saltykóv",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Saltykóv"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian field marshal addressed in Alexander’s rescript after the French cross the Niemen."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Lauriston",
      "aliases": [
        "Lauriston"
      ],
      "description": "A French diplomat whose note tells Alexander that Napoleon considered himself at war with Russia after Prince Kurákin requested his passports."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Duc de Bassano",
      "aliases": [
        "Duc de Bassano"
      ],
      "description": "A French official whose refusal to deliver Prince Kurákin’s passports is cited in Alexander’s letter to Napoleon."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Kurákin",
      "aliases": [
        "Kurákin"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian diplomat whose request for passports is used by Napoleon as a pretext for declaring a state of war."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French noncommissioned officer of hussars",
      "aliases": [
        "the French hussar sentinel"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed sentinel who stops Balashëv at the French outposts and rudely challenges him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French colonel of hussars",
      "aliases": [
        "the French colonel",
        "Julner"
      ],
      "description": "A French officer who receives Balashëv at Rykónty, recognizes the importance of his mission, and directs him toward the division commander."
    },
    {
      "name": "Murat’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "his wife"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman who accompanies Murat in Naples when he is addressed as king."
    },
    {
      "name": "Marshal Davout’s adjutant",
      "aliases": [
        "de Castrès",
        "Monsieur de Castrès"
      ],
      "description": "Davout’s adjutant, who conducts Balashëv to his assigned quarters and is the only person Davout allows him to speak with."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Comte de Turenne",
      "aliases": [
        "Turenne"
      ],
      "description": "An imperial gentleman-in-waiting who informs Balashëv that Napoleon will grant him an audience."
    },
    {
      "name": "Duroc",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A French courtier who tells Balashëv that Napoleon will receive him and later conveys Napoleon’s invitation to dinner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The gentleman-in-waiting on duty",
      "aliases": [
        "the gentleman-in-waiting"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed court official who escorts Balashëv into Napoleon’s study."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s Mameluke",
      "aliases": [
        "Rustan"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon’s Mameluke, waiting with the Emperor’s horse at his Vilna residence."
    },
    {
      "name": "The other wife Napoleon left in Paris",
      "aliases": [
        "Napoleon’s wife in Paris"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman whom Napoleon had left in Paris before marrying Marie Louise."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bessières",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A French marshal who attends Napoleon’s dinner with Balashëv."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French imperial gentleman-in-waiting",
      "aliases": [
        "the gentleman-in-waiting"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed courtier who brings Napoleon his hat and gloves during his audience with Balashëv."
    },
    {
      "name": "The second gentleman-in-waiting at Napoleon’s audience",
      "aliases": [
        "the other gentleman-in-waiting"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed courtier who brings Napoleon a handkerchief during his audience with Balashëv."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man who sent Pierre the book about Emilie de Mansfeld",
      "aliases": [
        "the author of the letter-form novel"
      ],
      "description": "Madame de Souza, author of the novel Pierre reads during his journey."
    },
    {
      "name": "The kings and princes at Napoleon’s Dresden court",
      "aliases": [
        "the princes, dukes, kings, and emperor"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed European rulers who attend Napoleon’s court at Dresden; he rewards or reprimands them before departing."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Emperor of Austria at Dresden",
      "aliases": [
        "the emperor"
      ],
      "description": "The Austrian emperor who attends Napoleon’s court at Dresden; Napoleon presents jewels to his wife."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s pages and escort",
      "aliases": [
        "the pages",
        "the escort"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed attendants and guards who accompany Napoleon in his traveling coach on the road to the army."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French hussars accompanying the colonel",
      "aliases": [
        "the two hussars"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed French cavalrymen who ride with their colonel to meet Balashëv."
    },
    {
      "name": "The division commander receiving Balashëv",
      "aliases": [
        "the commander of the division"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French commander stationed near Rykónty who is to receive Balashëv and conduct him onward."
    },
    {
      "name": "The aide-de-camp of the corps commander",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer fetched by Davout who brings Balashëv to the marshal."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Comte de Turenne’s reception-room guests",
      "aliases": [
        "the generals, gentlemen-in-waiting, and Polish magnates"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed dignitaries waiting at Napoleon’s court when Balashëv arrives for his audience."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Volkónsky",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A young courtier riding with Emperor Alexander’s suite at Austerlitz."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Grand Duke Constantine Pávlovich",
      "aliases": [
        "the Grand Duke",
        "the Tsarévich",
        "His Imperial Highness"
      ],
      "description": "The commander of the Russian Guards and brother of Emperor Alexander. Murat asks Balashëv about his health and recalls their time together in Naples."
    },
    {
      "name": "Marshal Davout’s baggage-train officer",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer on duty"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer whom Davout summons after taking Balashëv’s letter."
    },
    {
      "name": "Duport",
      "aliases": [
        "the famous dancer"
      ],
      "description": "A celebrated dancer whose performance Natásha sees at the opera."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mademoiselle George",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A famous French actress said to be intimate with Anatole. She recites at Hélène’s gathering, where Natásha is present."
    },
    {
      "name": "Hélène’s husband",
      "aliases": [
        "the man whom Hélène calls an unfortunate husband"
      ],
      "description": "Pierre, whom Hélène’s acquaintances regard as the cause of her misfortune after their separation."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Polish landowner’s daughter",
      "aliases": [
        "Anatole’s wife"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman whom her father, a Polish landowner of modest means, forced Anatole to marry while he was with his regiment in Poland. Anatole abandoned her and paid her father to let him pass as a bachelor."
    },
    {
      "name": "Anatole’s father-in-law",
      "aliases": [
        "the Polish landowner"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Polish landowner of modest means who forced Anatole to marry his daughter and later accepted payment in exchange for Anatole’s freedom to pose as a bachelor."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mademoiselle George’s chief companion",
      "aliases": [
        "the chief of the gypsy girls and French actresses"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed actress said to be intimate with Anatole."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Moscow revelers at Danílov’s",
      "aliases": [
        "the revelers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed men who carouse with Anatole at Danílov’s and other Moscow gatherings."
    },
    {
      "name": "The dressmaker from Madame Suppert-Roguet",
      "aliases": [
        "the dressmaker"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed dressmaker who visits the Rostóvs and helps Natásha try on her new dresses."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid who brings Anatole’s letter",
      "aliases": [
        "the girl who brings the letter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Rostóv maid who secretly delivers Anatole’s love letter to Natásha."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid who waits at Natásha’s door",
      "aliases": [
        "the housemaid"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Rostóv maid who waits at Natásha’s door before delivering another letter."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maidservant at the gate",
      "aliases": [
        "the maidservant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who lets Anatole into the courtyard during the attempted elopement."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer Natásha signals to",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer driving past"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer whom Natásha signals from the window; Sónya suspects he is Anatole."
    },
    {
      "name": "The unfrocked priest at Kámenka",
      "aliases": [
        "the priest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed defrocked priest whom Dólokhov has arranged to perform a marriage ceremony for Anatole and Natásha."
    },
    {
      "name": "Khvóstikov",
      "aliases": [
        "the retired petty official"
      ],
      "description": "A retired petty official whom Dólokhov uses in gambling transactions. He is hired as a witness for Anatole’s planned mock marriage and travels with the party."
    },
    {
      "name": "Makárin",
      "aliases": [
        "Makárka",
        "Makárka"
      ],
      "description": "A retired hussar, kindly and weak, with an unbounded affection for Anatole. He agrees to witness the planned mock marriage and accompanies Anatole’s attempted elopement."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French valet packing Anatole’s things",
      "aliases": [
        "Anatole’s French valet"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who packs Anatole’s belongings before the planned journey."
    },
    {
      "name": "The footman at Dólokhov’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the footman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant whom Dólokhov orders to bring food and drink before the journey."
    },
    {
      "name": "Balagá",
      "aliases": [
        "Theodore Iványch",
        "the famous troyka driver"
      ],
      "description": "A celebrated Moscow troyka driver who has long served Anatole and Dólokhov, often driving recklessly and risking his horses and life for them. He drives Anatole and Dólokhov during the attempted elopement."
    },
    {
      "name": "Matrëna Matrévna",
      "aliases": [
        "Matrëna",
        "the handsome gypsy girl"
      ],
      "description": "A slim, pale-faced gypsy woman in Anatole’s household who brings her sable mantle for the planned elopement and wishes Anatole luck."
    },
    {
      "name": "Stëshka",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person Anatole asks Matrëna to remember him to; the passage does not otherwise identify Stëshka."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two young drivers",
      "aliases": [
        "the young drivers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed drivers who hold the horses for the two troykas prepared for Anatole’s attempted elopement."
    },
    {
      "name": "The sturdy young fellow on Balagá’s box",
      "aliases": [
        "the young fellow on the box"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young driver who rides on the box of Balagá’s troyka and helps shout the horses onward."
    },
    {
      "name": "The porter at the gate",
      "aliases": [
        "the yard porter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed porter who tries to lock the gate as Anatole enters Márya Dmítrievna’s courtyard; Dólokhov pushes past him and pulls Anatole away."
    },
    {
      "name": "Gabriel",
      "aliases": [
        "Old Gabriel",
        "Márya Dmítrievna’s gigantic footman"
      ],
      "description": "Márya Dmítrievna’s gigantic footman. He intercepts Anatole in the porch and brings him inside on his mistress’s orders."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctor treating Natásha",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed doctor called when Natásha becomes seriously ill after attempting suicide; the antidotes administered in time save her."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ prospective purchaser",
      "aliases": [
        "the purchaser"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man who accompanies Count Rostóv to inspect his estate near Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The servant who announces the carriage",
      "aliases": [
        "the servant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who tells Márya Dmítrievna that her carriage is ready."
    },
    {
      "name": "The parish priest",
      "aliases": [
        "the priest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed priest at Márya Dmítrievna’s parish church, whom she praises for conducting the service with dignity."
    },
    {
      "name": "The deacon at Márya Dmítrievna’s church",
      "aliases": [
        "the deacon"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed deacon at Márya Dmítrievna’s parish church, whom she praises."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Akhárovs",
      "aliases": [
        "the Akhárov family"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed household hosting an evening gathering to which Márya Dmítrievna plans to take Natásha and Sónya."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Michael Zakhárych",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A member of the English Club whom the footman says is in the library when Pierre visits."
    },
    {
      "name": "Paul Timoféevich",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A member of the English Club whom the footman says has not yet arrived for dinner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The English Club acquaintance who asks Pierre about the abduction",
      "aliases": [
        "one of Pierre’s acquaintances"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed club member who asks Pierre whether the story of Anatole’s attempted abduction of Natásha is true."
    },
    {
      "name": "The members gathering for dinner at the Club",
      "aliases": [
        "the Club members"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed members of the English Club who greet Pierre and discuss town news and rumors."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer with Anatole in the sleigh",
      "aliases": [
        "Anatole’s constant companion"
      ],
      "description": "Makárin, Anatole’s devoted companion, seen riding with him in Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The footman at Márya Dmítrievna’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the footman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who helps Pierre off with his fur coat and directs him to Márya Dmítrievna."
    },
    {
      "name": "The countess’s guests",
      "aliases": [
        "the guests"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed visitors in Hélène’s drawing room when Pierre confronts Anatole."
    },
    {
      "name": "The visitors at Hélène’s gathering",
      "aliases": [
        "the Frenchmen"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French guests at Hélène’s gathering, including Métivier."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French actors’ audience",
      "aliases": [
        "the company"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed guests at Hélène’s gathering who applaud Mademoiselle George’s recitation."
    },
    {
      "name": "The host at the Karágins’ dinner",
      "aliases": [
        "the Karágins"
      ],
      "description": "The Karágin household hosting a dinner party where Natásha meets Anatole again."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man who delivers Natásha’s second letter",
      "aliases": [
        "the man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man who tells a Rostóv maid to give Natásha a letter."
    },
    {
      "name": "The servant who takes Pierre’s message to Anatole",
      "aliases": [
        "Pierre’s valet"
      ],
      "description": "Pierre’s unnamed valet, who tells him Anatole is visiting Hélène."
    },
    {
      "name": "The countess’s visitors at Hélène’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the guests"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed visitors present in Hélène’s drawing room when Pierre arrives and confronts Anatole."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two witnesses’ companion",
      "aliases": [
        "the others"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed men sitting with Khvóstikov and Makárin at Dólokhov’s before the planned elopement."
    },
    {
      "name": "The yard porter at Márya Dmítrievna’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the yard porter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed gatekeeper whom Márya Dmítrievna orders to admit the expected visitors but not let them leave."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctor summoned for Natásha",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed doctor called after Natásha takes arsenic; antidotes are administered in time and she is out of danger."
    },
    {
      "name": "The countess sent for from the country",
      "aliases": [
        "the countess"
      ],
      "description": "The old countess, sent for when Natásha becomes too ill to travel back to the country."
    },
    {
      "name": "The commander in chief’s adjutant",
      "aliases": [
        "Anatole"
      ],
      "description": "Anatole Kurágin, sent to Moscow by his father to serve as adjutant to the commander in chief."
    },
    {
      "name": "The gypsy girls",
      "aliases": [
        "the gypsies"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed women with whom Anatole and Dólokhov carouse; Anatole is said to prefer them and French actresses to society women."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French actresses",
      "aliases": [
        "the actresses"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed actresses whom Anatole prefers to Moscow society women."
    },
    {
      "name": "The manservant sent to Vozdvízhenka",
      "aliases": [
        "the manservant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Rostóv servant whom Natásha twice sends to find out whether Prince Andrew has arrived."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wife of the English Club acquaintance",
      "aliases": [
        "my wife"
      ],
      "description": "Hélène, whom Pierre refers to as an example of a woman Anatole could amuse himself with because she understands his intentions."
    },
    {
      "name": "The deserter executed in Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the deserter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier who is knouted to death. A priest gives him a cross to kiss before the execution, a scene Pierre recalls as an example of religious hypocrisy."
    },
    {
      "name": "The priest at the deserter’s execution",
      "aliases": [
        "the priest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed priest who gives a condemned deserter a cross to kiss before his execution."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers in the trenches",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldiers entrenched under enemy fire"
      ],
      "description": "Soldiers Pierre recalls as seeking occupations to bear the danger while entrenched under enemy fire."
    },
    {
      "name": "Anna Mikháylovna Drubetskáya",
      "aliases": [
        "Princess Drubetskáya",
        "Anna Mikháylovna"
      ],
      "description": "Borís’s mother, who seeks advancement and financial security for him. She encourages his match with wealthy Julie Karágina and investigates Julie’s dowry."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Lopukhín",
      "aliases": [
        "Lopukhín"
      ],
      "description": "A guest at Prince Nicholas Bolkónski’s name-day dinner who occasionally joins the political conversation."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Chatróv",
      "aliases": [
        "the old general",
        "the old war comrade of the prince"
      ],
      "description": "An old military comrade of Prince Nicholas Bolkónski who attends his name-day dinner and recounts an incident involving the French ambassador at a Petersburg review."
    },
    {
      "name": "The nephew accompanying Prince Lopukhín",
      "aliases": [
        "his nephew"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young man who attends Prince Nicholas Bolkónski’s name-day dinner with Prince Lopukhín."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French ambassador at the Petersburg review",
      "aliases": [
        "the new French ambassador"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French diplomat who makes a dismissive remark about military formalities in Emperor Alexander’s presence."
    },
    {
      "name": "The commander in chief at the Rostopchín dinner invitation",
      "aliases": [
        "the commander in chief"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed senior military commander who invites Count Rostopchín to dinner and mentions Prince Nicholas Bolkónski."
    },
    {
      "name": "Philip",
      "aliases": [
        "the footman"
      ],
      "description": "A footman in the Bolkónski household. After he serves coffee to Princess Mary before Mademoiselle Bourienne, Prince Nicholas Andréevich throws his stick at him and orders him conscripted; Mary begs her father to spare him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The footman who announces the Rostóvs",
      "aliases": [
        "the old, cross looking footman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant at the Bolkónskis’ Moscow house who tells Count Rostóv and Natásha that the prince will not receive them, though Princess Mary will."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maidservant in the Bolkónski hall",
      "aliases": [
        "the maidservant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who runs through the Bolkónski hall during the Rostóvs’ arrival and mentions Princess Mary."
    },
    {
      "name": "The footman serving coffee",
      "aliases": [
        "the footman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Bolkónski servant who follows the household custom of serving coffee first to Princess Mary, prompting the prince’s outburst."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young men who visit Princess Mary",
      "aliases": [
        "the young men",
        "possible suitors"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed young men who sometimes visit the Bolkónskis and are coldly received and dismissed by Prince Nicholas Andréevich."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old émigré and the lady he would not marry",
      "aliases": [
        "the old émigré",
        "the lady"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed émigré and an unnamed woman invoked by the narrator as a comparison for Princess Mary’s regret at having Julie nearby after years of correspondence."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Catholic clergy in Spain",
      "aliases": [
        "the Spanish clergy"
      ],
      "description": "Clergy Pierre mentions as praising God for Spain’s victory over the French."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Catholic clergy in France",
      "aliases": [
        "the French clergy"
      ],
      "description": "Clergy Pierre mentions as praising God for France’s victory over Spain on the same day."
    },
    {
      "name": "The minister of the Christian law",
      "aliases": [
        "a minister of that same law of love and forgiveness"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed priest who gives the executed deserter a cross to kiss."
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Kirílovich",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A society acquaintance whom Count Rostóv notices in the audience at the Moscow opera, remarking that he has grown stouter."
    },
    {
      "name": "Alénina",
      "aliases": [
        "our Anna Mikháylovna"
      ],
      "description": "A woman Natásha recognizes in the audience at the opera, seated with her mother."
    },
    {
      "name": "Alénina’s mother",
      "aliases": [
        "her mother"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman attending the opera with Alénina."
    },
    {
      "name": "Shinshín",
      "aliases": [
        "Peter Nikoláevich Shinshín",
        "Peter Nikoláevich"
      ],
      "description": "The countess’s sharp-tongued cousin, an old bachelor known for ironic remarks. He joins the Rostóvs at the opera and recounts gossip about Dólokhov and Anatole."
    },
    {
      "name": "The woman in the neighboring opera box",
      "aliases": [
        "the lady entering the next box"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman who looks at Natásha with feminine envy as the Rostóvs enter their box."
    },
    {
      "name": "The stage performers in the opera",
      "aliases": [
        "the actors"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed singers and dancers performing the opera that Natásha watches in Moscow, including a woman playing a maiden, a man playing her lover, and dancers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The fat singer in white",
      "aliases": [
        "the girl in white",
        "the maiden"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed opera singer who plays the maiden and lover’s beloved in the performance Natásha watches."
    },
    {
      "name": "The male singer in tight silk trousers",
      "aliases": [
        "the man in the tight trousers",
        "the lover"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed opera singer who plays the maiden’s lover and sings and gestures beside her."
    },
    {
      "name": "The dancing woman in the opera",
      "aliases": [
        "the woman with thick bare legs and thin arms"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed performer who dances solo during the opera’s third act."
    },
    {
      "name": "The opera conductor",
      "aliases": [
        "the conductor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed conductor who signals the start of the performance."
    },
    {
      "name": "The prompter",
      "aliases": [
        "the prompter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed theater worker whose box the singer approaches during the opera."
    },
    {
      "name": "The theater attendant",
      "aliases": [
        "the attendant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed attendant who opens the Rostóvs’ opera box."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general in Hélène’s opera box",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general conversing with Hélène when Anatole enters her box at the opera."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French emigré lady who declined marriage",
      "aliases": [
        "the lady"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman in a comparison Princess Mary recalls, who was not married by the old émigré with whom she had spent years."
    },
    {
      "name": "Uncle",
      "aliases": [
        "Michael Nikanórovich",
        "the Rostóvs’ distant relative",
        "the neighbor"
      ],
      "description": "A distant Rostóv relative and neighbor, known as an honorable, disinterested eccentric who refuses public appointments and loves hunting. He hosts Nicholas, Natásha, and Pétya after the hunt, plays guitar and sings for them, and shares a tender, affectionate rapport with his housekeeper Anísya Fëdorovna."
    },
    {
      "name": "Rugáy",
      "aliases": [
        "Rugáyushka",
        "Uncle’s red borzoi"
      ],
      "description": "Uncle’s red borzoi, affectionate to his master and famed for catching a hare during the hunt. Nicholas thinks Rugáy resembles Uncle in his manner and would stay close to him."
    },
    {
      "name": "Anísya Fëdorovna",
      "aliases": [
        "Anísya"
      ],
      "description": "Uncle’s stout, hospitable housekeeper, who prepares and serves food for his guests. Uncle’s affection for her is clear, and she responds warmly to his guitar playing and singing."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mítka",
      "aliases": [
        "Uncle’s coachman"
      ],
      "description": "Uncle’s coachman, a skilled balaláyka player who plays in the huntsmen’s room when Uncle returns from hunting."
    },
    {
      "name": "The countess’s maidservant reprimanding Mavrúshka",
      "aliases": [
        "the old maidservant",
        "Kondrátevna"
      ],
      "description": "An elderly Rostóv maidservant who scolds Mavrúshka for playing when she should be working."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mavrúshka",
      "aliases": [
        "Mavrúshka"
      ],
      "description": "A young Rostóv servant who has just run in from the serfs’ quarters. Natásha sends her away from the old maidservant’s scolding."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old footman playing cards",
      "aliases": [
        "the old footman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Rostóv footman who is playing cards with two younger footmen when Natásha enters the vestibule."
    },
    {
      "name": "Nikíta",
      "aliases": [
        "Nikíta"
      ],
      "description": "A young Rostóv footman whom Natásha sends to fetch a cock."
    },
    {
      "name": "Misha",
      "aliases": [
        "Misha"
      ],
      "description": "A young Rostóv footman whom Natásha sends to bring oats."
    },
    {
      "name": "Theodore",
      "aliases": [
        "Theodore"
      ],
      "description": "A Rostóv household servant whom Natásha sends to fetch chalk."
    },
    {
      "name": "Fóka",
      "aliases": [
        "the butler"
      ],
      "description": "The ill-tempered Rostóv butler, whom Natásha likes to test by sending him on errands."
    },
    {
      "name": "Vogel",
      "aliases": [
        "the dancing master"
      ],
      "description": "A dancing master living with his family in the Rostóv household."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dimmler",
      "aliases": [
        "the musician",
        "Mr. Dimmler"
      ],
      "description": "A musician living in the Rostóv household with his wife. He plays the harp and joins the Christmas mummers as a clown."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dimmler’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "his wife"
      ],
      "description": "The wife of the Rostóv household musician Dimmler; she joins the party traveling to the Melyukóvs’."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ former governess",
      "aliases": [
        "the girls’ former governess"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed former governess of the Rostóva girls who lives in the Rostóv household."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two governesses at the Vogels’",
      "aliases": [
        "the governesses"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed governesses visiting the Vogels who discuss the cost of living in Moscow and Odessa."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pólya",
      "aliases": [
        "Pólya"
      ],
      "description": "A Rostóv maid whom Natásha tells to take away the cock brought at her request."
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicholas’s man in attendance",
      "aliases": [
        "the man in attendance on Pétya"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed attendant helping Pétya prepare fireworks."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóv household mummers",
      "aliases": [
        "the mummers",
        "the house serfs"
      ],
      "description": "Rostóv household serfs who dress as bears, Turks, innkeepers, and ladies for Christmas games and dances."
    },
    {
      "name": "Zakhár",
      "aliases": [
        "the cabman Zakhár",
        "the count’s coachman"
      ],
      "description": "The old count’s coachman, who drives the first sleigh to the Melyukóvs’ and races Nicholas’s troyka."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two maids in Nicholas’s sleigh",
      "aliases": [
        "the two maids"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed Rostóv maids who ride with Natásha, Sónya, and Madame Schoss in Nicholas’s sleigh."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pelagéya Danílovna Melyukóva",
      "aliases": [
        "Melyukóva"
      ],
      "description": "An energetic, hospitable widow who lives with her daughters and their household near the Rostóvs. She welcomes the Christmas mummers and hosts their games and supper."
    },
    {
      "name": "The eldest Melyukóva daughter",
      "aliases": [
        "the eldest Melyukóv girl"
      ],
      "description": "Pelagéya Danílovna’s eldest daughter, who takes part in the Christmas gathering and discusses fortune-telling."
    },
    {
      "name": "The second Melyukóva daughter",
      "aliases": [
        "the second Melyukóv girl"
      ],
      "description": "Pelagéya Danílovna’s second daughter, who asks for the fortune-telling story at supper."
    },
    {
      "name": "Sásha Melyukóva",
      "aliases": [
        "Sásha"
      ],
      "description": "One of Pelagéya Danílovna’s daughters, whom her mother points out during the Christmas mumming."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Melyukóvs’ daughter dressed as a Kazán-Tartar",
      "aliases": [
        "Pelagéya Danílovna’s daughter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed daughter of Pelagéya Danílovna whom her mother fails to recognize while she is dressed in costume."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Melyukóvs’ governess",
      "aliases": [
        "the governess"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed governess in Pelagéya Danílovna’s household, whom she asks to identify one of the costumed girls."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Melyukóvs’ old maid",
      "aliases": [
        "the old maid"
      ],
      "description": "An unmarried older woman living with the Melyukóvs. At supper she tells a frightening story about Christmas fortune-telling."
    },
    {
      "name": "Nikíta, the Melyukóvs’ servant",
      "aliases": [
        "Nikíta"
      ],
      "description": "A Melyukóv household servant whom Pelagéya Danílovna orders to clear the tables."
    },
    {
      "name": "Vanya",
      "aliases": [
        "Vanya"
      ],
      "description": "A Melyukóv household servant whom Pelagéya Danílovna orders to clear the tables."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Melyukóvs’ butler",
      "aliases": [
        "the butler"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed butler who hands refreshments around during the Christmas gathering."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid accompanying the Christmas party",
      "aliases": [
        "the maid"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed maid who travels with the Rostóv young people to the Melyukóvs’."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man beside Natásha at the wax divination",
      "aliases": [
        "the man in the shape of an officer"
      ],
      "description": "An imagined figure in the Melyukóvs’ old maid’s story about a young woman’s Christmas fortune-telling; he appears in the tale as an officer."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ old nurse",
      "aliases": [
        "the nurse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed longtime nurse in the Rostóv household, recalled by Sónya as having frightened her with a story that she would be sewn up in cords."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Negro in the Rostóv children’s memory",
      "aliases": [
        "the gray man with white teeth"
      ],
      "description": "A mysterious figure whom Natásha and Nicholas remember seeing as children in their uncle’s study, though their parents say no such person was there."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pólya, the maid bringing the cock",
      "aliases": [
        "the maid"
      ],
      "description": "A Rostóv maid who tells Natásha that the cock she requested has arrived."
    },
    {
      "name": "Field",
      "aliases": [
        "the composer Field"
      ],
      "description": "The composer of a nocturne that Countess Rostóva asks Dimmler to play."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Melyukóvs’ serfs",
      "aliases": [
        "the serfs"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed household serfs who join the Christmas games and receive refreshments separately from the gentry."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two old ladies with Nastásya Ivánovna",
      "aliases": [
        "the old ladies"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed elderly women sitting with the household buffoon in the Rostóv drawing room."
    },
    {
      "name": "The person who tells Natásha to take the cock",
      "aliases": [
        "the maid"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed maid who tells Natásha that the cock has been brought."
    },
    {
      "name": "The aunt in Nicholas and Natásha’s memory",
      "aliases": [
        "Uncle’s sister"
      ],
      "description": "An aunt mentioned in Natásha’s recollection of the Russian spirit she sees in Anísya Fëdorovna."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old lady fortune-teller in the Melyukóvs’ tale",
      "aliases": [
        "the young lady"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young woman in the old maid’s story who tries to tell her fortune at Christmas and is frightened by an apparition."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young Melyukóvs",
      "aliases": [
        "the young Melyukóv girls"
      ],
      "description": "Pelagéya Danílovna’s daughters, who are fond of Natásha and join the Christmas mumming."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ tutor",
      "aliases": [
        "Pétya’s tutor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed tutor living in the Rostóv household."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Melyukóvs’ tutors",
      "aliases": [
        "their tutors"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed tutors living with Pelagéya Danílovna and her family."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Melyukóvs’ daughters",
      "aliases": [
        "her daughters"
      ],
      "description": "Pelagéya Danílovna’s daughters, who share the Christmas gathering with the Rostóv mummers."
    },
    {
      "name": "Apollón Nikoláevich",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Moscow acquaintance whom Pierre visits to exchange town gossip."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Melyukóvs’ eldest daughter",
      "aliases": [
        "the eldest Melyukóv girl"
      ],
      "description": "Pelagéya Danílovna’s eldest daughter, who asks about her mother’s past fortune-telling."
    },
    {
      "name": "The countess’s old maiden houseguest",
      "aliases": [
        "Belóva"
      ],
      "description": "An elderly unmarried woman living in the Rostóv household."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Melyukóvs’ family",
      "aliases": [
        "the family"
      ],
      "description": "Pelagéya Danílovna’s household, including her daughters, tutors, governess, servants, and serfs."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old Moscow ladies",
      "aliases": [
        "the Moscow ladies"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed older women in Moscow society who welcome Pierre as a familiar, long-awaited guest."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre’s two protective friends",
      "aliases": [
        "his two friends"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed friends who have borrowed large sums from Pierre and help prevent him from giving away all his money."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre’s Moscow comrades",
      "aliases": [
        "the retired gentlemen-in-waiting"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed retired court gentlemen in Moscow whose lives resemble Pierre’s and whom he comes to respect and pity."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lise Bolkónskaya",
      "aliases": [
        "Lise",
        "the little Princess Bolkónskaya",
        "Princess Bolkónskaya",
        "the little princess"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Andrew’s late wife and the young Prince Nicholas’s mother. Princess Mary remembers her as angelically innocent and reflects on her death as a lasting influence on herself and Andrew."
    },
    {
      "name": "Daniel",
      "aliases": [
        "the head huntsman",
        "the head kennelman"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóvs’ gray, wrinkled head huntsman and kennelman, an independent, scornful serf skilled at hunting. He captures the old wolf after it escapes Nicholas’s dogs, and scolds Count Rostóv for letting another wolf get away."
    },
    {
      "name": "Uvárka",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Rostóv huntsman who scouts the Otrádnoe enclosure and reports that a she-wolf and her cubs have moved there."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mílka",
      "aliases": [
        "Miláshka",
        "the black-spotted bitch"
      ],
      "description": "Nicholas Rostóv’s broad-haunched, black-spotted borzoi bitch, known for her speed. She pursues the wolf and later races a hare during the hunt with Ilágin."
    },
    {
      "name": "The other borzoi",
      "aliases": [
        "the dog"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Rostóv borzoi who greets Nicholas when he comes onto the porch."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mars",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Nicholas Rostóv’s extremely vicious gray stallion, which he rides before deciding to request leave and return home."
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael, the huntsman",
      "aliases": [
        "Michael"
      ],
      "description": "A Rostóv huntsman who accompanies Natásha on the hunt."
    },
    {
      "name": "The groom accompanying Natásha",
      "aliases": [
        "the groom appointed to look after her"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed groom assigned to look after Natásha on the hunt."
    },
    {
      "name": "Viflyánka",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Count Ilyá Rostóv’s aging sorrel gelding, ridden by the count during the hunt."
    },
    {
      "name": "Groom accompanying Count Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "the groom in attendance on him"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed groom who leads Count Rostóv’s horse while the count travels to his place in a trap."
    },
    {
      "name": "Gírchik",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Uncle’s huntsman, who tells him that the Ilágins are hunting at Kornikí."
    },
    {
      "name": "Arábchik",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Natásha’s black horse, which she rides confidently on the hunt."
    },
    {
      "name": "Truníla",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Natásha’s favorite hound, who recognizes her during the hunt."
    },
    {
      "name": "Karáy",
      "aliases": [
        "the old borzoi"
      ],
      "description": "Nicholas Rostóv’s shaggy old borzoi, famous for having tackled a large wolf alone. He catches the wolf by the throat during the hunt but is unable to hold it."
    },
    {
      "name": "Simon Chekmár",
      "aliases": [
        "Chekmár",
        "the count’s personal attendant",
        "the count’s groom"
      ],
      "description": "Count Rostóv’s longtime personal attendant and old horseman, who has lived on good terms with him for thirty years. He assists the count during the hunt and praises Nicholas and Natásha’s riding."
    },
    {
      "name": "Nastásya Ivánovna",
      "aliases": [
        "the buffoon"
      ],
      "description": "A gray-bearded household buffoon who goes by a woman’s name and wears a woman’s cloak and tall cap. He rides behind Count Rostóv during the hunt and picks up the count’s dropped snuffbox."
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Sidórych",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person Simon Chekmár begins to mention in praise of Nicholas’s appearance in uniform."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lyubím",
      "aliases": [
        "the reddish borzoi"
      ],
      "description": "A reddish borzoi that rushes at the wolf and briefly seizes its hindquarters before jumping away in alarm."
    },
    {
      "name": "The yellowish young borzoi",
      "aliases": [
        "the young borzoi from another leash"
      ],
      "description": "An unidentified young borzoi that nearly knocks the wolf over during the chase; the wolf wounds it in the side."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wolf",
      "aliases": [
        "the old wolf",
        "the she-wolf"
      ],
      "description": "An old female wolf pursued by the Rostóv hunting party. She escapes Karáy’s grip but is eventually captured alive by Daniel and the hunters."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wolf’s cubs",
      "aliases": [
        "the cubs"
      ],
      "description": "The young wolves pursued by the hunting party; several are killed by the hounds and borzois."
    },
    {
      "name": "The huntsmen at the wolf hunt",
      "aliases": [
        "the huntsmen"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed members of the Rostóv hunting party who pursue and capture the wolf."
    },
    {
      "name": "The hunt attendants and whippers-in",
      "aliases": [
        "the hunt attendants",
        "the whippers-in"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed workers who accompany the hunt, guide the hounds, and signal when game is spotted."
    },
    {
      "name": "Daniel’s chestnut horse",
      "aliases": [
        "the chestnut"
      ],
      "description": "Daniel’s sweat-darkened chestnut horse, which he rides while pursuing and capturing the wolf."
    },
    {
      "name": "The fox",
      "aliases": [
        "the queer, short-legged red fox"
      ],
      "description": "A red fox pursued by the hunting party during the second hunt. A dispute over its capture brings Nicholas into contact with Ilágin."
    },
    {
      "name": "The stranger huntsman in the green coat",
      "aliases": [
        "the stranger in a green coat"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed huntsman accompanying Ilágin’s party who fights with the Rostóv huntsman Iván over a fox."
    },
    {
      "name": "Iván, the Rostóv huntsman",
      "aliases": [
        "our Iván"
      ],
      "description": "A huntsman in Nicholas Rostóv’s party who fights with one of Ilágin’s men over a fox and returns with it tied to his saddle."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ilágin",
      "aliases": [
        "the stout gentleman in the beaver cap"
      ],
      "description": "A stately and courteous neighboring landowner who is at odds with the Rostóvs over hunting grounds. After his huntsman seizes a fox pursued by the Rostóv dogs, Ilágin apologizes and invites the family to hunt on his land."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ilágin’s huntsman",
      "aliases": [
        "the huntsman in the red cap"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed member of Ilágin’s hunting party who catches the fox and fights with the Rostóv huntsman Iván."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ilágin’s two hunt servants",
      "aliases": [
        "the two hunt servants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed servants who accompany Ilágin on horseback."
    },
    {
      "name": "Erzá",
      "aliases": [
        "the red-spotted bitch"
      ],
      "description": "Ilágin’s swift, pure-bred red-spotted borzoi bitch, for which he traded three families of serfs. She competes with Mílka and Rugáy in the hare chase."
    },
    {
      "name": "The huntsman who spots the hare",
      "aliases": [
        "the whip who had sighted the hare"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed huntsman who signals that a hare has been spotted in the stubble."
    },
    {
      "name": "The huntsman’s two borzois",
      "aliases": [
        "the two borzois"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed borzois belonging to the huntsman who spots the hare; they are the first to pursue it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The hare",
      "aliases": [
        "the strong and swift hare"
      ],
      "description": "A strong, swift hare chased across the fields by the borzois. Uncle’s dog Rugáy catches it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The domestic serfs at Uncle’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the male domestic serfs",
        "the women serfs"
      ],
      "description": "Uncle’s household serfs, including men, women, and children, who come out to see the hunting party arrive and stare curiously at Natásha."
    },
    {
      "name": "Arínka",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person among the serfs at Uncle’s house whom another serf calls over to look at Natásha."
    },
    {
      "name": "Uncle’s bay horse",
      "aliases": [
        "the bay"
      ],
      "description": "The horse Uncle rides away on after Rugáy catches the hare."
    },
    {
      "name": "Cherubini",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A composer whose opera Natásha hums while preparing for bed."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old grandee of Catherine’s day",
      "aliases": [
        "the grandee"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly dignitary who hosts a New Year’s Eve ball and supper attended by the Emperor, the diplomatic corps, and the Rostóvs."
    },
    {
      "name": "The police master at the grandee’s ball",
      "aliases": [
        "the police master"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official stationed with police and gendarmes at the entrance to the grandee’s ball."
    },
    {
      "name": "The well-dressed man who names the arriving dignitaries",
      "aliases": [
        "the person better dressed than the rest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed onlooker outside the grandee’s mansion who recognizes prominent guests arriving for the ball."
    },
    {
      "name": "Márya Ignátevna Perónskaya",
      "aliases": [
        "Perónskaya",
        "the maid of honor"
      ],
      "description": "A thin, shallow maid of honor at the Dowager Empress’s court, and a friend and relation of Countess Rostóva. She guides the provincial Rostóvs in Petersburg society and accompanies them to the grand ball."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid dressing Natásha’s hair",
      "aliases": [
        "the maid who was holding Natásha’s hair"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Rostóv maid who dresses Natásha’s hair before the ball."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mávra",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Rostóv maid who helps shorten Natásha’s dress for the ball."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maids hemming Natásha’s skirt",
      "aliases": [
        "the two maids"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed maids who hurriedly turn up Natásha’s dress before the ball."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid carrying Natásha’s dress",
      "aliases": [
        "the third maid"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed maid who holds Natásha’s gauze dress up while the others shorten its hem."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid holding up the gauze dress",
      "aliases": [
        "the fourth maid"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed maid who holds Natásha’s dress aloft during the hurried alterations."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ nurse",
      "aliases": [
        "the nurse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed nurse in the Rostóv household who admires Natásha and Sónya in their ball dresses."
    },
    {
      "name": "Perónskaya’s old lady’s maid",
      "aliases": [
        "her old lady’s maid"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who admires Perónskaya as she dresses for the ball."
    },
    {
      "name": "The host of the grandee’s ball",
      "aliases": [
        "the host"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed host who greets arriving guests with his wife and admires Natásha’s appearance."
    },
    {
      "name": "The hostess of the grandee’s ball",
      "aliases": [
        "the hostess"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed hostess who greets the guests and gives Natásha a particularly warm smile."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Dutch ambassador",
      "aliases": [
        "the gray-haired ambassador"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed ambassador pointed out by Perónskaya at the grandee’s ball; he is surrounded by ladies laughing at his remarks."
    },
    {
      "name": "Márya Antónovna Narýshkina",
      "aliases": [
        "Márya Antónovna"
      ],
      "description": "A celebrated Petersburg beauty whom Perónskaya praises at the ball. The host leads her in the polonaise."
    },
    {
      "name": "The rich millionairess at the ball",
      "aliases": [
        "the lady followed by a plain daughter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed wealthy woman at the grandee’s ball, followed by suitors and accompanied by her plain daughter."
    },
    {
      "name": "The plain daughter of the millionairess",
      "aliases": [
        "the daughter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young woman at the ball who is described as plain and is courted for her mother’s wealth."
    },
    {
      "name": "The suitors of the millionairess",
      "aliases": [
        "her suitors"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed men pursuing the wealthy woman’s daughter at the ball."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French ambassador at the grandee’s ball",
      "aliases": [
        "the French ambassador himself"
      ],
      "description": "Caulaincourt, whom Perónskaya points out at the ball."
    },
    {
      "name": "The aide-de-camp who opens the ball",
      "aliases": [
        "the Master of Ceremonies",
        "the aide-de-camp"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed aide-de-camp and master of ceremonies who starts the waltz by asking Hélène to dance."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young man urging ladies to move aside",
      "aliases": [
        "the distraught young man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young man who pushes through the crowd as Emperor Alexander enters the ballroom."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Emperor’s hostess",
      "aliases": [
        "the hostess"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed hostess of the grandee’s ball, whom Alexander leads by the hand after their reception."
    },
    {
      "name": "Baron Firhoff",
      "aliases": [
        "Firhoff"
      ],
      "description": "A baron who speaks with Prince Andrew at the ball about the coming first sitting of the Council of State."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bítski",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A committee member, society regular, and enthusiastic admirer of Speránski’s reforms. He tells Prince Andrew about Emperor Alexander’s speech opening the Council of State."
    },
    {
      "name": "Gervais",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A guest at Speránski’s dinner, known for a hissing chuckle and for telling an anecdote about an official revision."
    },
    {
      "name": "Stolýpin",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A guest at Speránski’s dinner who stutters and begins to speak earnestly about abuses under the old order."
    },
    {
      "name": "Speránski’s daughter",
      "aliases": [
        "the little daughter"
      ],
      "description": "Speránski’s young daughter, who attends his dinner with her governess."
    },
    {
      "name": "Speránski’s daughter’s governess",
      "aliases": [
        "the governess"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed governess accompanying Speránski’s daughter at his dinner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The deaf dignitary",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed official in Speránski’s anecdote who, when asked for his opinion at the Council, says he thinks so too."
    },
    {
      "name": "The servant at Speránski’s dinner",
      "aliases": [
        "the servant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who receives a bottle of wine from Speránski."
    },
    {
      "name": "The courier at Speránski’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "a courier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed courier who brings two letters for Speránski during the dinner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The aide-de-camp who asks the Rostóvs to stand back",
      "aliases": [
        "the worried aide-de-camp"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who asks the Rostóvs to move farther from the ballroom entrance before the waltz."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince So-and-so",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unidentified prince whom Perónskaya says is very much taken with Hélène."
    },
    {
      "name": "The foreign prince of the blood",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed foreign royal who has recently become a frequent visitor at Hélène’s receptions."
    },
    {
      "name": "The colonel who attends Berg’s party",
      "aliases": [
        "the colonel"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed colonel who accompanies a lady to Berg’s gathering."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general attending Berg’s party",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general, kind to Berg, who attends his party and supervises the card table."
    },
    {
      "name": "The lady accompanying the colonel",
      "aliases": [
        "the lady"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman who arrives at Berg’s party with the colonel."
    },
    {
      "name": "The caller at the Rostóvs’ door",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed visitor whose arrival Natásha hears just before Prince Andrew returns to ask for her hand."
    },
    {
      "name": "Princess Lise Bolkónskaya",
      "aliases": [
        "Lise",
        "the little Princess Bolkónskaya",
        "Princess Bolkónskaya",
        "the little princess"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Andrew’s late wife and the young Prince Nicholas’s mother. Her portrait now looks tender and cheerful to Andrew as he considers beginning a new life."
    },
    {
      "name": "Czartorýski",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Adam Czartorýski",
        "the Minister of Foreign Affairs"
      ],
      "description": "A statesman who, with Novosíltsev, Kochubéy, and Strógonov, helped Emperor Alexander pursue liberal reforms. Alexander jokingly called the group his Comité de salut public."
    },
    {
      "name": "Novosíltsev",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A statesman who helped Emperor Alexander pursue liberal reforms alongside Czartorýski, Kochubéy, and Strógonov."
    },
    {
      "name": "Kochubéy",
      "aliases": [
        "Count Kochubéy"
      ],
      "description": "A count and political figure in Petersburg who encourages Prince Andrew’s interest in reform and offers to introduce him to Speránski."
    },
    {
      "name": "Strógonov",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A statesman who helped Emperor Alexander pursue liberal reforms alongside Czartorýski, Novosíltsev, and Kochubéy."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old field marshal, friend of Prince Andrew’s father",
      "aliases": [
        "the old field marshal"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed former commander and friend of Prince Andrew’s father. He receives Andrew graciously and promises to pass his army reform proposal to the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant on duty in Arakchéev’s anteroom",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant on duty",
        "the officer on duty"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who manages visitors to Arakchéev and eventually conducts Prince Andrew into the minister’s room."
    },
    {
      "name": "The humiliated officer in Arakchéev’s anteroom",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer with pale face and trembling lips"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer whose long audience with Arakchéev ends in distress; he leaves clutching his head."
    },
    {
      "name": "The important general waiting for Arakchéev",
      "aliases": [
        "the general in the anteroom"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed senior general who sits impatiently in Arakchéev’s waiting room, visibly offended by the delay."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old man of Catherine’s day",
      "aliases": [
        "the old man at Kochubéy’s"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly courtier who criticizes the emancipation of serfs and questions the practicality of examinations for civil posts."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pryánichnikov",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A sixty-year-old subordinate whom the old courtier praises as an excellent and valuable official while questioning whether he should have to take examinations."
    },
    {
      "name": "The brother who advises Pierre about his marriage",
      "aliases": [
        "the Masonic Brother"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Freemason whom Pierre respects less than most. He urges Pierre to forgive his wife, saying that refusing a penitent violates a basic Masonic rule."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Vasíli’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "Pierre’s mother-in-law",
        "Hélène’s mother"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman, wife of Prince Vasíli and mother of Hélène. She implores Pierre to meet Hélène and later tells him that Hélène has returned and wishes to see him."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince de Ligne",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A distinguished prince who writes Hélène long letters, contributing to her reputation in Petersburg society."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Grand Master of the principal lodge",
      "aliases": [
        "the Grand Master",
        "the Grand Master of the Lodge"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed leader of the Petersburg Freemasons who rebukes Pierre for his passionate advocacy of social reform and refuses his proposal."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Petersburg Brothers who oppose Pierre’s proposal",
      "aliases": [
        "the majority of the Brothers",
        "the Petersburg Freemasons"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Masonic lodge members who react coldly to Pierre’s reform program, suspecting it of Illuminism; the debate divides the lodge."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Brothers who support Pierre’s proposal",
      "aliases": [
        "the supporters"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Freemasons who support Pierre’s proposed reforms during the heated lodge debate."
    },
    {
      "name": "Brother Urúsov",
      "aliases": [
        "Urúsov"
      ],
      "description": "A Freemason who visits Pierre and discusses worldly matters and the Emperor’s projects."
    },
    {
      "name": "Brother G. V.",
      "aliases": [
        "G. V."
      ],
      "description": "A Freemason who visits Pierre and participates in a preliminary discussion about admitting a new member."
    },
    {
      "name": "Brother O.",
      "aliases": [
        "O."
      ],
      "description": "A Freemason who visits Pierre, speaks eloquently about Masonic symbolism, and participates in the discussion before Borís’s admission."
    },
    {
      "name": "Brother V.",
      "aliases": [
        "V."
      ],
      "description": "A Freemason who has a long private conversation with Pierre and advises him to remain close to Brother A."
    },
    {
      "name": "The new Brother admitted with Borís",
      "aliases": [
        "the new Brother"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Freemason admitted at the same lodge meeting as Borís."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Grand Master at the Petersburg lodge",
      "aliases": [
        "the Grand Master"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed presiding officer at Pierre’s lodge who participates in the debate over Pierre’s proposal and later in Borís’s admission."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ district postmaster’s son",
      "aliases": [
        "the son of their district postmaster"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young man who has obtained a position in Petersburg and visits the Rostóvs."
    },
    {
      "name": "Countess Véra",
      "aliases": [
        "Véra"
      ],
      "description": "The Rostóvs’ handsome eldest daughter, often tactless or cold toward her younger siblings. She accepts Berg’s proposal after he establishes his career and presses her father for a substantial dowry."
    },
    {
      "name": "Berg’s comrade",
      "aliases": [
        "the German comrade",
        "friend"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed German officer and friend to whom Berg explains his decision to marry Véra and his financial arrangements."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old gentlewoman of Catherine’s day",
      "aliases": [
        "the old man of Catherine’s day"
      ],
      "description": "An elderly society guest who turns contemptuously to Prince Andrew at Kochubéy’s gathering and questions his decision to free serfs."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French circle’s embassy members",
      "aliases": [
        "members of the French embassy"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed diplomats who visit Hélène in Petersburg and frequent the circle favoring an alliance with Napoleon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The diplomats and young men in Hélène’s salon",
      "aliases": [
        "the embassy secretaries",
        "the ambassadors",
        "the young men"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed society visitors who discuss politics, poetry, and philosophy at Hélène’s gatherings. Some confide diplomatic secrets to her, while young men read in preparation for her evenings."
    },
    {
      "name": "Countess Rostóva’s cousin Cyril Matvéich",
      "aliases": [
        "Cyril Matvéich",
        "the countess’s cousin"
      ],
      "description": "A cousin of Countess Rostóva, mentioned by her as an example from her own past when discussing Natásha and Borís."
    },
    {
      "name": "Brother B.",
      "aliases": [
        "B."
      ],
      "description": "A person whose story Pierre tells at dinner, then regrets because it makes the company laugh."
    },
    {
      "name": "Rosenkampf",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person associated with the long-running Commission for the Revision of the Code of Laws; Speránski mocks the commission’s limited work, saying Rosenkampf merely labeled corresponding code paragraphs."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French emigré woman in Pierre’s dream",
      "aliases": [
        "the maiden in transparent garments"
      ],
      "description": "An imagined maiden in Pierre’s dream, represented as a beautiful, transparent figure rising toward the clouds and associated in the dream with the Song of Songs."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ country neighbors",
      "aliases": [
        "the country neighbors from Otrádnoe"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed neighbors from the Rostóvs’ estate who visit their Petersburg home."
    },
    {
      "name": "The impoverished old squires and their daughters",
      "aliases": [
        "the old squires and their daughters"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed country gentry and their daughters who form part of the mixed company visiting the Rostóvs in Petersburg."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre’s wife’s visitors",
      "aliases": [
        "the countess’s visitors"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed visitors who attend Hélène’s Petersburg gatherings and whom Pierre dislikes."
    },
    {
      "name": "The older men in Petersburg society",
      "aliases": [
        "the old and dissatisfied"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed opponents of reform who approach Prince Andrew expecting him to share their objections because he is the son of his father."
    },
    {
      "name": "The reforming party in Petersburg",
      "aliases": [
        "the reformers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed supporters of reform who welcome Prince Andrew because of his reputation for intelligence and for freeing his serfs."
    },
    {
      "name": "The feminine society world",
      "aliases": [
        "the society women"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed women of Petersburg society who welcome Prince Andrew as a wealthy, distinguished prospective match with a romantic history."
    },
    {
      "name": "The committee members reviewing army regulations",
      "aliases": [
        "the Committee on Army Regulations"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officials assigned to consider Prince Andrew’s proposed military laws. He is appointed a member without salary."
    },
    {
      "name": "The section members revising the laws",
      "aliases": [
        "the committee for the revision of the laws"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officials working on legal revision; Prince Andrew becomes chairman of a section and drafts the part concerning personal rights."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Committee for the Revision of the Code of Laws",
      "aliases": [
        "the Commission for the Revision of the Code of Laws"
      ],
      "description": "A state commission that has existed for a century and a half and, according to Speránski, has accomplished little beyond labeling matching legal provisions."
    },
    {
      "name": "JustinIan",
      "aliases": [
        "the Institutes of Justinian"
      ],
      "description": "The Roman law source that Prince Andrew uses with the Code Napoléon while drafting the section on personal rights."
    },
    {
      "name": "Rumyántsev’s and Caulaincourt’s circle",
      "aliases": [
        "the French circle of the Napoleonic alliance"
      ],
      "description": "A Petersburg society circle supporting the Napoleonic alliance, led by Count Rumyántsev and Caulaincourt; Hélène becomes prominent in it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian Brothers who join Pierre’s lodge for social advantage",
      "aliases": [
        "the fourth category of Brothers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Masons whom Pierre believes joined chiefly to associate with wealthy and influential members, without belief or desire for spiritual improvement."
    },
    {
      "name": "The older mystical Brothers",
      "aliases": [
        "the first category of Brothers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed senior Freemasons chiefly occupied with the order’s mystical teachings and symbols. Pierre respects them but does not share their interests."
    },
    {
      "name": "The searching Brothers",
      "aliases": [
        "the second category of Brothers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Freemasons, including Pierre, who seek a clear path of spiritual practice but have not yet found one."
    },
    {
      "name": "The ceremonial Brothers",
      "aliases": [
        "the third category of Brothers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed Masons who value the order’s outward forms and ceremonies more than their meaning; Pierre includes Willarski and the Grand Master in this group."
    },
    {
      "name": "Deméntyev",
      "aliases": [
        "the red-haired hussar"
      ],
      "description": "A red-haired hussar in Nicholas Rostóv’s regiment, whom Rostóv recognizes on returning from leave."
    },
    {
      "name": "The quartermaster, Topchéenko",
      "aliases": [
        "Topchéenko",
        "the quartermaster"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed quartermaster serving Denísov’s squadron. Denísov reproaches him for failing to stop soldiers eating a poisonous root, and later Lavrúshka tells him about an unescorted provisions transport."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lazarchúk",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A soldier whom Denísov sees bringing the poisonous “Máshka’s sweet root” back from the fields despite orders against eating it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The infantry officer opposing Denísov over the transport",
      "aliases": [
        "the short thin infantry officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, angry infantry officer who confronts Denísov for seizing a transport assigned to his regiment and threatens to report him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The second infantry officer accompanying the transport",
      "aliases": [
        "the other infantry officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer accompanying the angry infantry officer when they confront Denísov over the seized provisions."
    },
    {
      "name": "Telyánin",
      "aliases": [
        "Lieutenant Telyánin"
      ],
      "description": "A small officer in Denísov’s squadron who steals Denísov’s purse, admits the theft, and pleads with Rostóv not to ruin him. Later, Denísov finds him at the commissariat and strikes him, accusing him of starving the soldiers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The chief quartermaster at the commissariat",
      "aliases": [
        "the head chief"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official who handles Denísov’s case after the seizure of the provisions. He calls it robbery and directs Denísov to give a receipt to the commissioner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The commissioner at the commissariat",
      "aliases": [
        "the commissioner"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official whom Denísov encounters while trying to settle the seized provisions. Denísov recognizes Telyánin at the commissioner’s table and attacks him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two officials at the commissariat",
      "aliases": [
        "the officials"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed officials whom Denísov is accused of thrashing during the commissariat altercation, dislocating one man’s arm."
    },
    {
      "name": "The regimental doctor",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed doctor who treats Denísov after the commissariat incident and bleeds him when he becomes ill from anger and distress."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant of the regiment",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who brings Denísov notice that a court-martial has been appointed and explains that he may face degradation to the ranks."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian army doctor at the hospital",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed doctor responsible for three hospitals and more than four hundred patients. He warns Rostóv that the hospital is rife with typhus and directs him toward the officers’ wards."
    },
    {
      "name": "The emaciated soldier on crutches",
      "aliases": [
        "the sallow man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, barefoot, emaciated soldier in underclothing who limps from a hospital ward and watches the passing men with envious eyes."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack in the soldiers’ ward",
      "aliases": [
        "the sick man asking for a drink"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, gravely ill soldier, apparently a Cossack, lying on the floor and repeatedly begging for water."
    },
    {
      "name": "The hospital orderly",
      "aliases": [
        "the commissariat soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier assigned to the hospital who answers Rostóv’s request to move the ill Cossack and bring him water but does not act."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old one-legged soldier",
      "aliases": [
        "the old, unshaven, gray-bearded soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, severely emaciated veteran whose leg has been amputated above the knee. He tells Rostóv that a young soldier beside him has been dead since morning and protests that the patients are being treated worse than animals."
    },
    {
      "name": "The dead young soldier in the ward",
      "aliases": [
        "the young soldier with the snub nose"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, freckle-faced young soldier lying motionless beside the old one-legged soldier. The old man tells Rostóv that he has been dead since morning."
    },
    {
      "name": "The dead soldier’s neighbor",
      "aliases": [
        "the old soldier’s neighbor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed patient who lies motionless near the old one-legged soldier and points Rostóv out to him."
    },
    {
      "name": "Captain Túshin",
      "aliases": [
        "Túшин",
        "the artillery officer"
      ],
      "description": "A small, shy artillery captain who set Schön Grabern ablaze and kept his battery firing despite heavy losses. Now missing one arm and hospitalized, he recognizes Rostóv and leads him to Denísov; he urges Denísov to submit a petition for pardon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The stout Uhlan in Denísov’s ward",
      "aliases": [
        "the Uhlan"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, stout Uhlan officer in the next hospital bed. He advises Denísov to petition the Emperor for pardon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The auditor",
      "aliases": [
        "the auditor who wrote the petition"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official who advises Denísov about his case and drafts a petition asking the Emperor for pardon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The other officers in Denísov’s ward",
      "aliases": [
        "Denísov’s hospital companions"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed sick and wounded officers gathered around Denísov. They have heard his account of the commissariat affair repeatedly and grow tired of it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general attending Borís",
      "aliases": [
        "Borís’s general",
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed senior officer in whose attendance Borís serves. He tests Borís’s choice of title for Napoleon, praises his judgment, and takes him to Tilsit."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Zhilínski",
      "aliases": [
        "the Polish Count Zhilínski"
      ],
      "description": "A wealthy Polish count, raised in Paris, who shares lodgings in Tilsit with Borís and hosts French officers and other guests."
    },
    {
      "name": "The aide-de-camp of Napoleon",
      "aliases": [
        "Napoleon’s aide-de-camp",
        "the guest of honor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer who serves as Napoleon’s aide-de-camp and is the guest of honor at Count Zhilínski’s supper."
    },
    {
      "name": "The page of Napoleon",
      "aliases": [
        "the young page"
      ],
      "description": "A young page from an old French aristocratic family, present at Zhilínski’s supper. The next day he brings Napoleon the Legion of Honor to present to Lázarev."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French officers at Zhilínski’s supper",
      "aliases": [
        "the French officers of the Guard",
        "the French guests"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French officers from the Guard and French headquarters who dine with Borís and Zhilínski in Tilsit."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count N. N.",
      "aliases": [
        "le Comte N. N."
      ],
      "description": "A French guest at Borís and Zhilínski’s supper in Tilsit."
    },
    {
      "name": "Captain S. S.",
      "aliases": [
        "le Capitaine S. S."
      ],
      "description": "A French guest at Borís and Zhilínski’s supper in Tilsit."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French officer who speaks to Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the Frenchmen"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer at Zhilínski’s supper who politely asks Rostóv whether he came to Tilsit to see the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French officer at Borís’s door",
      "aliases": [
        "the French officer who thrust his head out"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer staying with Borís and Zhilínski who appears at the doorway as Rostóv arrives."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian officer with Plátov",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack officer with whom Rostóv recently argued that Napoleon should be treated as a criminal if captured."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded French colonel on the road",
      "aliases": [
        "the French colonel"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed wounded French officer whom Rostóv recently encountered. Rostóv argued with him that peace with Napoleon was impossible."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer in white breeches at the Emperor’s lodging",
      "aliases": [
        "the man with the braces",
        "the officer on duty"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, short, stout officer at Alexander’s lodging who turns Rostóv away when he tries to submit Denísov’s petition directly to the Emperor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The valet dressing the officer at the Emperor’s lodging",
      "aliases": [
        "the valet"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who helps the officer at Alexander’s lodging dress for the day."
    },
    {
      "name": "The person in the adjoining room at the Emperor’s lodging",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unidentified person who tells the officer with the braces that the Emperor will come out directly and they must go."
    },
    {
      "name": "The cavalry general who helps Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed cavalry general, formerly commander of Rostóv’s division and favored by the Emperor. He recognizes Rostóv at Alexander’s lodging, takes Denísov’s petition, and speaks to the Emperor on his behalf."
    },
    {
      "name": "Hayne",
      "aliases": [
        "the groom"
      ],
      "description": "The groom who led Emperor Alexander’s horse at Austerlitz and again brings his horse forward at Tilsit."
    },
    {
      "name": "The members of the Emperor’s suite",
      "aliases": [
        "the suite"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officers and courtiers accompanying Emperor Alexander at Tilsit. They gather at his lodging and ride out with him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The civilians watching the Emperor",
      "aliases": [
        "the street gazers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed onlookers who gather near Alexander’s lodging and watch the Emperor come out."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French gendarmes",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Unnamed French mounted guards who push back the crowd as Alexander and Napoleon approach the Russian battalion."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Kozlóvski, the battalion commander",
      "aliases": [
        "the commander of the battalion"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian prince commanding the Preobrazhénsk battalion. Alexander consults him about which soldier should receive Napoleon’s Legion of Honor."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lázarev",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Russian soldier in the first rank of the Preobrazhénsk battalion, chosen to receive the Legion of Honor from Napoleon as the bravest soldier of the recent war."
    },
    {
      "name": "Napoleon’s aide-de-camp who retrieves the glove",
      "aliases": [
        "the aide-de-camp behind Napoleon"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer in Napoleon’s suite who retrieves Napoleon’s glove after he tears it while removing it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian and French officers congratulating Lázarev",
      "aliases": [
        "the officers at the banquet"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officers who embrace and congratulate Lázarev after he receives the Legion of Honor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two officers discussing Lázarev’s award",
      "aliases": [
        "the flushed officers"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed officers at the banquet who discuss the silver tableware, Lázarev’s lifetime pension, and a planned dinner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Preobrazhénsk soldier wearing a French cap",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian soldier who puts on a shaggy French cap during the banquet."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Guards officer asking about the password",
      "aliases": [
        "one Guards’ officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Guards officer who tells another that the password alternates between praise for Alexander and Napoleon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The other Guards officer",
      "aliases": [
        "another Guards’ officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who hears the password discussion at the banquet."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two officers from Rostóv’s division",
      "aliases": [
        "his comrades"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed officers from Rostóv’s division who join him for dinner in Tilsit and discuss the peace."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Polish father sheltered by Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "the old Pole"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly Polish man, hungry and too weak to flee with his daughter and infant. Rostóv finds the family in a ruined village and houses them while the father recovers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Polish daughter sheltered by Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "the pretty Polish girl"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young woman, daughter of the elderly Pole and mother of an infant. Rostóv shelters her family, and he takes offense when a comrade crudely jokes about her."
    },
    {
      "name": "The infant of the Polish family",
      "aliases": [
        "the infant in arms"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed baby of the Polish father and daughter whom Rostóv finds in a ruined village and shelters with the family."
    },
    {
      "name": "Rostóv’s comrade who jokes about the Polish girl",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who crudely teases Rostóv about the young Polish woman he has sheltered, provoking Rostóv’s anger and nearly causing a duel."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctor who treats Denísov’s wounded leg",
      "aliases": [
        "the doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed doctor who attends Denísov after he is shot in the leg by a French sharpshooter."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officers playing sváyka",
      "aliases": [
        "the two officers"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed officers who play sváyka near the huts while Rostóv waits for Denísov to return."
    },
    {
      "name": "The cadet playing sváyka",
      "aliases": [
        "the cadet"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed cadet who plays sváyka with two officers near the huts."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two infantry officers confronting Denísov",
      "aliases": [
        "the infantry officers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed officers who accuse Denísov of mutiny and robbery after he seizes their regiment’s transport. One is a short, thin man who threatens to report him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian army assistant at the hospital",
      "aliases": [
        "the assistant"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed hospital assistant who accompanies the doctor and shows Rostóv toward the wards."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian army doctor’s assistant",
      "aliases": [
        "Makéev"
      ],
      "description": "The assistant identified by the hospital doctor as Makéev, who accompanies him on the stairs and directs Rostóv to the wards."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old oak",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An ancient oak tree that Prince Andrew sees on the road. Its apparent renewal in spring prompts him to abandon his belief that his life is over and resolve to live anew."
    },
    {
      "name": "Peter, Prince Andrew’s footman",
      "aliases": [
        "Peter the footman"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Andrew’s footman, who remarks on the pleasant spring weather during their journey. The passage does not establish whether he is the same person as Prince Andrew’s servant Peter."
    },
    {
      "name": "The coachman on Prince Andrew’s journey",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed coachman driving Prince Andrew’s carriage to the Ryazán estates."
    },
    {
      "name": "The girlish voice Natásha recognizes",
      "aliases": [
        "the second girl singing"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young woman singing with Natásha during the moonlit night at Otrádnoe."
    },
    {
      "name": "The girls running through the Rostóv grounds",
      "aliases": [
        "the group of girls"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed young women at Otrádnoe who run across the path of Prince Andrew’s carriage; Natásha is ahead of them."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Marshal of the Nobility for the Ryazán district",
      "aliases": [
        "the marshal"
      ],
      "description": "Count Ilyá Rostóv, who handles local noble affairs. Prince Andrew visits him about the Ryazán estate held in trust for his son."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ guests at Otrádnoe",
      "aliases": [
        "the visitors"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed provincial guests gathered at the Rostóv home for the count’s approaching name day."
    },
    {
      "name": "The servants and family members at Bald Hills",
      "aliases": [
        "the members of the household"
      ],
      "description": "The unnamed people of the Bald Hills household, who speak warmly of Pierre after his visit."
    },
    {
      "name": "Anna Pávlovna Schérer",
      "aliases": [
        "Annette Schérer"
      ],
      "description": "A maid of honor and favorite of Empress Márya Fëdorovna who hosts Petersburg society receptions. She says she opposed Pierre’s marriage from the start and presents Borís to her guests as a promising newcomer."
    },
    {
      "name": "Le Vicomte de Mortemart",
      "aliases": [
        "the vicomte",
        "Mortemart"
      ],
      "description": "A French émigré and society guest at Anna Pávlovna’s reception. He discusses Austria’s position and urges Hippolyte to explain his joke."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Hippolyte",
      "aliases": [
        "Hippolyte",
        "Prince Hippolyte Kurágin"
      ],
      "description": "Prince Vasíli’s foolish, self-confident son and Hélène’s brother. At Anna Pávlovna’s reception he repeats a joke about fighting for the King of Prussia."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old aunt",
      "aliases": [
        "Anna Pávlovna’s aunt"
      ],
      "description": "An elderly woman presented to guests at Anna Pávlovna’s receptions. Borís is formally introduced to her."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Danish chargé d’affaires",
      "aliases": [
        "M. Kronq",
        "the chargé d’affaires from Copenhagen"
      ],
      "description": "A diplomat at Anna Pávlovna’s reception who reports Vienna’s doubts about the proposed treaty."
    },
    {
      "name": "The man of profound intellect",
      "aliases": [
        "Mr. Shítov",
        "a man of great merit"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed society guest at Anna Pávlovna’s reception, introduced as a person of great merit. He comments on Vienna’s doubts and discusses imperial rewards."
    },
    {
      "name": "The diplomatist debating imperial rewards",
      "aliases": [
        "the diplomatist"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed diplomat at Anna Pávlovna’s reception who distinguishes a snuffbox from an honor or distinction."
    },
    {
      "name": "The other diplomat debating imperial rewards",
      "aliases": [
        "another diplomatist"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed guest at Anna Pávlovna’s reception who disputes whether an imperial snuffbox might be awarded as a distinction."
    },
    {
      "name": "The newly appointed maid of honor",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed woman newly appointed as a maid of honor who attends Anna Pávlovna’s reception with her mother."
    },
    {
      "name": "The newly appointed maid of honor’s mother",
      "aliases": [
        "her mother"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman who accompanies her daughter, a newly appointed maid of honor, to Anna Pávlovna’s reception."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid of honor’s mother",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed woman attending Anna Pávlovna’s reception with her newly appointed daughter."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young man called ‘a man of great merit’",
      "aliases": [
        "un homme de beaucoup de mérite"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young man among the guests at Anna Pávlovna’s reception, described in the drawing room as a person of great merit."
    },
    {
      "name": "The nursery maid who brings papers",
      "aliases": [
        "one of the nursemaids",
        "the maid"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed maid who brings Prince Andrew papers from his father while Andrew and Princess Mary watch over the sick infant."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pétrusha, the messenger",
      "aliases": [
        "Pétrusha"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed messenger who brings papers from Prince Nicholas Andréevich to Prince Andrew at Bald Hills."
    },
    {
      "name": "Karl Ivánich",
      "aliases": [
        "Karl Ivanich"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed household figure whose advice that sleep matters most is repeated by Princess Mary while the young Prince Nicholas is ill."
    },
    {
      "name": "The commander at Kórchevo",
      "aliases": [
        "a certain Khandrikóv"
      ],
      "description": "An officer responsible for receiving additional men and provisions in Kórchevo. Prince Nicholas Andréevich orders Andrew to confront him over the delays."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pétenka",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person who writes to Prince Nicholas Andréevich about the Battle of Preussisch-Eylau; the letter says Pétenka took part in it."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count T.",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person addressed in an imperial letter that the field marshal reads at headquarters."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince V.",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person addressed in an imperial letter that the field marshal reads at headquarters."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Ostermann",
      "aliases": [
        "Ostermann"
      ],
      "description": "A division commander who reports shortages of bread and forage to the field marshal."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Sedmorétzki",
      "aliases": [
        "Sedmorétzki"
      ],
      "description": "A division commander who reports shortages of bread and forage to the field marshal."
    },
    {
      "name": "The chief steward of Pierre’s estates",
      "aliases": [
        "the chief steward",
        "Pierre’s steward"
      ],
      "description": "A cunning estate manager who pretends to support Pierre’s reforms while arranging misleading accounts and staged welcomes. He exploits Pierre’s inattention to keep the serfs’ burdens largely unchanged."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre’s estate stewards",
      "aliases": [
        "the stewards"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed managers of Pierre’s estates, some alarmed or amused by his reform plans and some ready to exploit his inexperience."
    },
    {
      "name": "The priest meeting Pierre at an estate",
      "aliases": [
        "the priest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed priest who welcomes Pierre with a cross and claims to teach children through Pierre’s generosity; in reality, he extorts the peasants and charges parents to release their children."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasants in the deputation",
      "aliases": [
        "the richest peasants"
      ],
      "description": "A group of unnamed, relatively wealthy peasants who greet Pierre with bread and salt and ask to build a chantry, concealing the severe poverty of most villagers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The nursing mothers on Pierre’s estates",
      "aliases": [
        "the women with infants"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed serf women who thank Pierre for relief from estate labor, though they still have heavier work on their own land."
    },
    {
      "name": "The children at the estate welcome",
      "aliases": [
        "the pupils"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed children presented to Pierre as receiving instruction; their parents in fact pay heavily to get them released."
    },
    {
      "name": "The serfs’ deputations",
      "aliases": [
        "the deputations of serfs"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed groups of serfs who thank Pierre during staged estate receptions."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasants carrying out Pierre’s building projects",
      "aliases": [
        "the serfs building the brick buildings"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed serfs made to build Pierre’s hospitals, schools, and almshouses, increasing their labor despite the steward’s misleading accounts."
    },
    {
      "name": "Antón",
      "aliases": [
        "the man who looked after Prince Andrew in his boyhood"
      ],
      "description": "A longtime servant who cared for Prince Andrew as a boy and helps Pierre when he arrives at Boguchárovo."
    },
    {
      "name": "The domestic serfs at Boguchárovo",
      "aliases": [
        "the domestic serfs"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed household workers who point Pierre toward Prince Andrew’s lodge."
    },
    {
      "name": "The peasant passing Prince Andrew and Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed peasant who passes the two friends during their debate about education, labor, and aid to the serfs."
    },
    {
      "name": "The paymaster’s clerk at Yúkhnovna",
      "aliases": [
        "the clerk"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed clerk accused of stealing boots from recruits. Prince Andrew says his influence with his father prevented the old prince from having the clerk hanged."
    },
    {
      "name": "The local nobility of Prince Andrew’s district",
      "aliases": [
        "the local nobility"
      ],
      "description": "A group of unnamed nobles who choose Prince Andrew as their marshal; he declines the position."
    },
    {
      "name": "The pilgrims at Bald Hills",
      "aliases": [
        "God’s folk",
        "the holy folk"
      ],
      "description": "Religious wanderers whom Princess Mary receives despite her father’s orders to turn them away. They include Pelagéya and Ivánushka."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pelagéya",
      "aliases": [
        "the pilgrim woman",
        "the old woman"
      ],
      "description": "An elderly religious pilgrim who visits Princess Mary at Bald Hills. She recounts a miracle at Kolyázin and stories of holy places in Kiev, and is briefly offended by Pierre’s skepticism."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ivánushka",
      "aliases": [
        "the young pilgrim",
        "the young lad"
      ],
      "description": "A young, long-haired pilgrim who wears a monk’s cassock and presents as a woman despite his masculine name. He travels independently and says he met Pelagéya at Yúkhnovo."
    },
    {
      "name": "Crazy Cyril",
      "aliases": [
        "Cyril"
      ],
      "description": "A barefoot religious wanderer whom Pelagéya says directed her to the wonder-working icon at Kolyázin."
    },
    {
      "name": "Father Amphilochus",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A holy man described by Pelagéya, whose hands are said to smell of incense."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general healed at the Kiev icon",
      "aliases": [
        "the general who did not believe"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general in Pelagéya’s story who doubts a religious miracle, goes blind, and later regains his sight after praying to the Holy Virgin."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old prince’s coachman",
      "aliases": [
        "the coachman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed coachman who returns from town carrying papers and letters for Prince Andrew."
    },
    {
      "name": "The valet who carries the letters",
      "aliases": [
        "the valet"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who searches for Prince Andrew and brings him his father’s papers and letters."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two women chasing the pilgrims",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Two unnamed women who run after Pelagéya and Ivánushka when the visitors mistake Prince Andrew’s carriage for that of his father."
    },
    {
      "name": "The ferrymen",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Unnamed workers who ferry Pierre, Prince Andrew, their carriage, and horses across the flooded river."
    },
    {
      "name": "The footmen and coachmen at the ferry",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Unnamed servants astonished that Pierre and Prince Andrew remain on the raft talking after the carriage has crossed."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid at Pierre’s estate welcome",
      "aliases": [
        "the woman with an infant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman carrying a baby who joins the serfs thanking Pierre for the supposed relief from hard labor."
    },
    {
      "name": "The chaplain at the church",
      "aliases": [
        "the priest bearing a cross"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed priest who leads children to welcome Pierre; the steward’s arrangements conceal his exactions from the peasants."
    },
    {
      "name": "The woman with a wallet",
      "aliases": [
        "the elderly pilgrim"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly woman who arrives at Bald Hills with Pelagéya and Ivánushka among Princess Mary’s religious visitors."
    },
    {
      "name": "Iogel",
      "aliases": [
        "little Iogel"
      ],
      "description": "A dance teacher and former instructor to Nicholas and Denísov. He invites them to dance at the ball and dances first with Natásha."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ilyúshka",
      "aliases": [
        "the gypsy"
      ],
      "description": "A gypsy singer and dancer. Dólokhov says he and his chorus will come to the farewell supper."
    },
    {
      "name": "The card players at Dólokhov’s supper",
      "aliases": [
        "the players",
        "the guests"
      ],
      "description": "A gathering of about twenty unnamed men who play cards with Dólokhov and Nicholas at the English Hotel."
    },
    {
      "name": "The waiter at Dólokhov’s supper",
      "aliases": [
        "the waiter"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed waiter who serves champagne during the card game."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Torzhók postmaster",
      "aliases": [
        "the postmaster"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed station official who delays Pierre by claiming there are no horses and asks him to wait for courier horses."
    },
    {
      "name": "The postmaster’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "his wife"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman who enters while Pierre is waiting at the Torzhók post station and offers services."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Torzhók embroidery seller",
      "aliases": [
        "the peasant woman selling Torzhók embroidery",
        "the peddler woman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed peasant woman who offers Pierre embroidered goods, especially goatskin slippers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The other traveler at Torzhók",
      "aliases": [
        "the gentleman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed traveler delayed at the post station who shares the room with Pierre before the stranger arrives."
    },
    {
      "name": "Emilie de Mansfeld",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A woman in a novel Pierre reads, whose resistance to a seducer despite loving him prompts his reflections on desire and morality."
    },
    {
      "name": "Madame de Souza",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The author of the letter-form novel about Emilie de Mansfeld that Pierre reads on his journey."
    },
    {
      "name": "Smolyanínov",
      "aliases": [
        "the Rhetor"
      ],
      "description": "A Freemason Pierre recognizes as an acquaintance, serving as the Rhetor who prepares him for initiation and explains the Order’s aims and virtues."
    },
    {
      "name": "The brotherhood of Freemasons",
      "aliases": [
        "the Brotherhood",
        "the Order"
      ],
      "description": "The Masonic fellowship Pierre joins in Petersburg, whose members seek self-improvement, brotherly aid, and the reform of humanity."
    },
    {
      "name": "The President of the Lodge",
      "aliases": [
        "the President",
        "the Grand Master"
      ],
      "description": "The presiding officer at Pierre’s Masonic initiation, who presents him with the apron, trowel, and gloves and explains their symbolism."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Italian abbé",
      "aliases": [
        "the abbé"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Italian clergyman present at Pierre’s Masonic initiation, whom Pierre recognizes from Anna Pávlovna’s reception."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Swiss tutor of the Kurágins",
      "aliases": [
        "the Swiss"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Swiss man, formerly a tutor in the Kurágin household, present at Pierre’s Masonic initiation."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Collector of Alms",
      "aliases": [
        "the distinguished dignitary"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed distinguished Mason who holds the title of Collector of Alms and gathers contributions at the Lodge meeting."
    },
    {
      "name": "The brothers at Pierre’s initiation",
      "aliases": [
        "the brethren",
        "the Masons"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed members of the Lodge who conduct Pierre through his initiation and welcome him as a brother."
    },
    {
      "name": "Empress Márya Fëdorovna",
      "aliases": [
        "the Dowager Empress"
      ],
      "description": "The sovereign whom Anna Pávlovna serves as maid of honor and favorite. Prince Vasíli says she is taking a keen interest in Pierre and Hélène’s separation."
    },
    {
      "name": "Feoktíst",
      "aliases": [
        "the club’s head cook"
      ],
      "description": "The English Club’s head cook, whom Count Rostóv consults while arranging a dinner honoring Bagratión."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ipátka",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A coachman who knows the Rasgulyáy district; Count Rostóv mentions him while sending Nicholas on an errand."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Yúri Dolgorúkov",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Dolgorúkov",
        "Dolgorúkov"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian prince whose opinions help guide Moscow society after Austerlitz. His saying about getting smeared with clay while modeling is repeated as consolation for the defeat."
    },
    {
      "name": "Valúev",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A prominent Moscow figure whose opinions help shape discussion after Austerlitz. He tells club members that Uvárov has come from Petersburg to learn what Moscow thinks."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Markóv",
      "aliases": [
        "Markóv"
      ],
      "description": "A prominent Moscow figure who meets with other opinion-makers after the defeat at Austerlitz."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Vyázemski",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A prominent Moscow figure who meets with other opinion-makers after the defeat at Austerlitz."
    },
    {
      "name": "Przebyszéwski",
      "aliases": [
        "Przebyszewski"
      ],
      "description": "A general blamed by some in Moscow for treachery after the Russian defeat at Austerlitz."
    },
    {
      "name": "Langeron",
      "aliases": [
        "Count Langeron"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander of French background, blamed by some in Moscow for treachery after Austerlitz."
    },
    {
      "name": "Nesvítski",
      "aliases": [
        "Prince Nesvítski"
      ],
      "description": "A tall, very stout staff officer and old member of the English Club. He serves as Pierre’s second in the duel and urges him to make peace with Dólokhov."
    },
    {
      "name": "Suvórov",
      "aliases": [
        "Suvorov"
      ],
      "description": "A celebrated Russian commander whose name is associated with Bagratión and the Italian campaign. Narýshkin recounts that Suvórov crowed like a cock in response to Austrian generals at a council of war."
    },
    {
      "name": "Narýshkin",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A prominent member of the English Club who speaks about Suvórov’s response to Austrian generals and sits beside Bagratión at dinner."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bekleshëv",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A prominent figure who arrives with Bagratión and sits beside him at the English Club dinner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The author of the verses for Bagratión",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed person who composed verses honoring Bagratión and reads them aloud at the English Club reception."
    },
    {
      "name": "Paul Ivánovich Kutúzov",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The composer of a cantata honoring Bagratión, sung at the English Club dinner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The English Club major-domo",
      "aliases": [
        "the major-domo"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed club official who loudly announces that dinner is ready, interrupting the reading of verses for Bagratión."
    },
    {
      "name": "Hélène’s cousin",
      "aliases": [
        "the princess, his cousin"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed cousin of Pierre who hints to him that Dólokhov is intimate with Hélène."
    },
    {
      "name": "The author of the anonymous letter",
      "aliases": [
        "the writer of the anonymous letter"
      ],
      "description": "An unidentified person who sends Pierre a mocking letter alleging that Hélène’s relationship with Dólokhov is common knowledge."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dólokhov’s mother",
      "aliases": [
        "Mary Ivánovna",
        "old Mary Ivánovna",
        "his mother"
      ],
      "description": "Dólokhov’s devoted mother, who lives with him in Moscow and fears he may die from his duel wound. She becomes fond of Rostóv for his friendship with her son."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dólokhov’s hunchback sister",
      "aliases": [
        "his sister"
      ],
      "description": "Dólokhov’s unnamed sister, who lives with him and his mother in Moscow."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Rostóvs’ head steward",
      "aliases": [
        "the head steward"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed household official who once visited Pierre soon after his marriage to Hélène and politely acknowledged his apparent happiness."
    },
    {
      "name": "The club footman distributing leaflets",
      "aliases": [
        "the footman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who distributes copies of Kutúzov’s cantata at the English Club dinner."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mary Bogdánovna",
      "aliases": [
        "the midwife"
      ],
      "description": "A midwife from a neighboring town who has been staying at Bald Hills. She attends Lise’s labor and delivers her child."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Moscow doctor",
      "aliases": [
        "the German doctor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed doctor summoned from Moscow to attend Lise’s expected confinement; he arrives at Bald Hills with Prince Andrew."
    },
    {
      "name": "Demyán",
      "aliases": [
        "the house steward"
      ],
      "description": "The house steward at Bald Hills who tells Prince Andrew that the old prince has gone to bed."
    },
    {
      "name": "The priest who baptizes Prince Nicholas",
      "aliases": [
        "the priest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed priest who performs the baptism of Prince Andrew and Lise’s infant son."
    },
    {
      "name": "The countess’s valet",
      "aliases": [
        "the valet"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who attends Pierre, prepares to pack for Petersburg, and carries coffee into his room the morning after the duel."
    },
    {
      "name": "The neighbor seated beside Pierre",
      "aliases": [
        "the neighbor on his right"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed guest at the English Club dinner who turns in alarm when Pierre challenges Dólokhov."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old man greeted by Count Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "Vasíli Ignátovich"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed older guest whom Count Rostóv greets at the English Club just before Bagratión arrives."
    },
    {
      "name": "Baron Funke",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A courtier recommended for the post of first secretary at Vienna; Prince Vasíli considers him a poor candidate."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lavater",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person Prince Vasíli invokes in jest as someone who would say he lacks the bump of paternity."
    },
    {
      "name": "Abbé Morio",
      "aliases": [
        "Morio",
        "the abbé"
      ],
      "description": "An Italian thinker received by the Emperor who advocates a scheme for perpetual peace and a European balance of power."
    },
    {
      "name": "The elderly lady at the reception",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A thin, careworn guest who later pleads with Prince Vasíli for help for her son Borís."
    },
    {
      "name": "Hardenburg",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Prussian statesman whose assurances Anna Pávlovna says she distrusts."
    },
    {
      "name": "Haugwitz",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Prussian statesman whose assurances Anna Pávlovna says she distrusts."
    },
    {
      "name": "Duc d’Enghien",
      "aliases": [
        "the duc"
      ],
      "description": "A French nobleman whose execution by Buonaparte is debated at the reception."
    },
    {
      "name": "Louis XVII",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Bourbon monarch whom the vicomte cites among those European sovereigns failed to defend."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Queen",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A queen whom the vicomte cites among those European sovereigns failed to defend."
    },
    {
      "name": "Madame Elizabeth",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person the vicomte cites among those European sovereigns failed to defend."
    },
    {
      "name": "Stevens",
      "aliases": [
        "the English naval officer",
        "the Englishman"
      ],
      "description": "An English naval officer who bets that Dólokhov will drink a bottle of rum while perched on a third-floor window ledge."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young bear",
      "aliases": [
        "Bruin"
      ],
      "description": "A bear kept at Anatole Kurágin’s gathering, where drunken guests play roughly with it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The footman who is drinking",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A servant at Anatole Kurágin’s house, seen secretly drinking the remains in supper glasses."
    },
    {
      "name": "Jacob",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A servant at Anatole Kurágin’s gathering whom the host orders to bring a bottle."
    },
    {
      "name": "The stingy Moscow lady",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed woman in Hippolyte’s anecdote who insists on having large footmen and a large lady’s maid behind her carriage."
    },
    {
      "name": "The lady’s maid in Hippolyte’s anecdote",
      "aliases": [
        "the girl"
      ],
      "description": "The Moscow lady’s maid, whom her mistress orders to ride behind the carriage in livery."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Golítsyn",
      "aliases": [
        "Golítsyn"
      ],
      "description": "A person Anna Mikháylovna says she has already asked for help securing an appointment for Borís."
    },
    {
      "name": "Princess Drubetskáya’s father",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A friend of Prince Vasíli who helped him take the first steps in his career."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Andrew’s father",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A father whom Prince Andrew says was right about the emptiness of society women."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Andrew’s sister",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Princess Mary, Prince Andrew’s sibling; Anna Pávlovna considers her as a possible match for Anatole."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dmítri Vasílevich",
      "aliases": [
        "Dmítri"
      ],
      "description": "A well-born young man raised in the Rostóv household who manages Count Rostóv’s affairs."
    },
    {
      "name": "Márya Lvóvna Karágina",
      "aliases": [
        "Márya Karágina"
      ],
      "description": "A tall, proud society woman who visits Countess Rostóva. She is Julie Karágina’s mother."
    },
    {
      "name": "The visitor’s daughter",
      "aliases": [
        "the young lady visitor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young woman accompanying Márya Karágina on a visit to the Rostóvs."
    },
    {
      "name": "The thin young Life Guards hussar",
      "aliases": [
        "the young lad"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed young officer who has been losing at cards and looks down from the window ledge during Dólokhov’s wager."
    },
    {
      "name": "The older sensible guest",
      "aliases": [
        "the more sensible man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed older man at Anatole’s gathering who tries to stop Dólokhov’s dangerous stunt."
    },
    {
      "name": "The footman picking up the glass",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed servant at Anatole’s gathering who pauses to watch Dólokhov on the ledge."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Bezúkhov’s younger niece",
      "aliases": [
        "the second princess"
      ],
      "description": "One of Count Bezúkhov’s younger nieces, who helps care for the dying count."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Bezúkhov’s niece with the mole",
      "aliases": [
        "the youngest princess",
        "Sophie"
      ],
      "description": "A cheerful, lively niece of Count Bezúkhov whose mole makes her especially pretty."
    },
    {
      "name": "Olga",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A young woman in Count Bezúkhov’s household, sent to check whether his beef tea is ready."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dr. Lorrain",
      "aliases": [
        "Lorrain",
        "the French doctor"
      ],
      "description": "A celebrated doctor from Petersburg attending Count Bezúkhov."
    },
    {
      "name": "Madame Jacquot",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person Pierre mistakenly recalls as having accompanied him and Borís to the Sparrow Hills when they were children."
    },
    {
      "name": "William Pitt",
      "aliases": [
        "Mr. Pitt",
        "Pitt"
      ],
      "description": "A British political figure whom Pierre imagines sentencing as a traitor while acting out an invasion of England."
    },
    {
      "name": "Villeneuve",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A military figure Pierre mentions while discussing Napoleon’s imagined crossing of the Channel."
    },
    {
      "name": "Berg’s father",
      "aliases": [
        "his father"
      ],
      "description": "Lieutenant Berg’s father, to whom Berg says he sends some of his pay."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Italian singing teacher",
      "aliases": [
        "an Italian"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Italian engaged to give Natásha singing lessons."
    },
    {
      "name": "The German tutor",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed tutor in the Rostóv household who tries to memorize dishes and wines to describe them to his family."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old priest",
      "aliases": [
        "the priest"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed priest at Count Bezúkhov’s house who discusses human life and the sacrament of unction."
    },
    {
      "name": "The lady beside the old priest",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed visitor at Count Bezúkhov’s house who asks whether it is too late to administer unction."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Military Governor of Moscow",
      "aliases": [
        "the Military Governor"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed official who visits the dying Count Bezúkhov to bid him farewell."
    },
    {
      "name": "The aide-de-camp at Count Bezúkhov’s house",
      "aliases": [
        "the aide-de-camp"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer attending the Military Governor who returns Pierre’s dropped glove."
    },
    {
      "name": "The family solicitor",
      "aliases": [
        "Dmítri Onúfrich"
      ],
      "description": "Count Bezúkhov’s solicitor, an expert on the count’s will and Pierre’s inheritance."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old servant knitting",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed servant of the princesses who sits knitting in an anteroom."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid with the decanter",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed maid hurrying through the princesses’ apartments with a decanter."
    },
    {
      "name": "The servant holding Count Bezúkhov’s taper",
      "aliases": [
        "the old servant at the invalid chair"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed old servant who steadies a taper in the dying count’s hand during the final rites."
    },
    {
      "name": "The nurse at the Rostóvs’ ball",
      "aliases": [
        "the nurse"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed nurse who watches the count dance and praises him."
    },
    {
      "name": "Semën",
      "aliases": [
        "the first violin"
      ],
      "description": "A Rostóv household musician whom Count Ilyá asks to play a dance."
    },
    {
      "name": "Uncle Shinshín’s brother",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed relative whom Natásha cites as an example of a man who married his first cousin."
    },
    {
      "name": "Julie’s elder brother abroad",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "One of Julie Karágina’s brothers, already abroad with the army."
    },
    {
      "name": "Julie’s brother in the Guards",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "One of Julie Karágina’s brothers, serving with the Guards as they march toward the frontier."
    },
    {
      "name": "The gray-haired valet",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed valet sitting drowsily near Prince Nicholas Andréevich’s study."
    },
    {
      "name": "The footman accompanying Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the footman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant who accompanies Prince Andrew and Princess Lise into Bald Hills."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old prince’s household",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The servants waiting on Prince Nicholas Andréevich at Bald Hills."
    },
    {
      "name": "Countess Apráksina",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A society woman whose husband’s death is mentioned by Princess Lise."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Austrian general at Braunau",
      "aliases": [
        "the Austrian general in white",
        "the Austrian member of the Hofkriegsrath"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Austrian general who accompanies Kutúzov at the Braunau inspection and presses him to join the Austrian army."
    },
    {
      "name": "The commander of the regiment at Braunau",
      "aliases": [
        "the regimental commander",
        "the elderly general",
        "King of Hearts",
        "the general commanding the infantry",
        "the general whose regiment had been inspected at Braunau",
        "the blameless general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly Russian general who commands the regiment inspected at Braunau. At Schön Grabern he rushes to rally his troops under fire and later reports the action to Bagratión."
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Mítrich",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A battalion commander in the regiment inspected at Braunau."
    },
    {
      "name": "The aide-de-camp who confirms the inspection order",
      "aliases": [
        "the aide-de-camp"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer sent to clarify Kutúzov’s inspection order."
    },
    {
      "name": "The commander of the third company",
      "aliases": [
        "the captain"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed middle-aged captain reprimanded for allowing Dólokhov to wear a blue greatcoat."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant searching for the company commander",
      "aliases": [
        "an adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer sent to find the missing commander of the third company."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier dressed as a Hungarian",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier in the third company whose blue greatcoat stands out from the regiment’s uniforms."
    },
    {
      "name": "The hussar officer in Kutúzov’s suite",
      "aliases": [
        "the swarthy hussar officer",
        "the wag",
        "Hussar cornet Zherkóv",
        "Zherkóv"
      ],
      "description": "A swarthy hussar cornet in Kutúzov’s suite, later an orderly officer to Bagratión. At Schön Grabern fear prevents him from delivering Bagratión’s order to retreat."
    },
    {
      "name": "The subaltern beside Captain Timókhin",
      "aliases": [
        "the subaltern"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed junior officer marching beside Timókhin."
    },
    {
      "name": "The drummer leading the soldiers’ song",
      "aliases": [
        "the drummer"
      ],
      "description": "A lean, handsome soldier who leads the regiment’s marching songs."
    },
    {
      "name": "The castanet player",
      "aliases": [
        "the dancing soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier who dances while playing castanets."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Austrian general with the bandaged head",
      "aliases": [
        "General Mack",
        "Mack"
      ],
      "description": "The defeated Austrian general who reports the disaster at Ulm to Kutúzov."
    },
    {
      "name": "Archduke Ferdinand",
      "aliases": [
        "His Highness the Archduke Ferdinand"
      ],
      "description": "The Austrian commander of the advanced army, whose letters describe its plans before the defeat at Ulm."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Nostitz",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An Austrian officer whose reports about the army’s movements are summarized by Prince Andrew."
    },
    {
      "name": "Kozlóvski",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An aide-de-camp at Kutúzov’s headquarters."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Moreau",
      "aliases": [
        "Moreau"
      ],
      "description": "A French general whose campaigns against Suvórov are discussed by Prince Nicholas Andréevich."
    },
    {
      "name": "Pahlen",
      "aliases": [
        "the German, Pahlen"
      ],
      "description": "A German officer sent to New York to bring General Moreau into Russian service."
    },
    {
      "name": "Frederick",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A military figure Prince Nicholas Andréevich groups with Suvórov among great commanders."
    },
    {
      "name": "Potëmkin",
      "aliases": [
        "Potemkin"
      ],
      "description": "A Russian commander named among great military leaders no longer available to oppose Buonaparte."
    },
    {
      "name": "Countess Zúbova",
      "aliases": [
        "the old Countess Zúbova"
      ],
      "description": "An elderly countess whom Princess Lise jokes about."
    },
    {
      "name": "Kitty Odýntsova",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A society acquaintance mentioned by Princess Lise as having married an old man."
    },
    {
      "name": "Princess Lise’s father",
      "aliases": [
        "her father"
      ],
      "description": "Princess Lise’s father, whom Prince Nicholas Andréevich asks about."
    },
    {
      "name": "The monk at Bald Hills",
      "aliases": [
        "the monk"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed monk received by Prince Nicholas Andréevich, giving Princess Mary hope his religious views are softening."
    },
    {
      "name": "The accoucheur",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed Moscow doctor whom Prince Andrew asks his father to send for when Princess Lise is due to give birth."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Austrian general at Kutúzov’s headquarters",
      "aliases": [
        "the member of the Hofkriegsrath"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Austrian representative who urges Kutúzov to join Archduke Ferdinand’s army; the text does not establish whether he is the same man as the general at the Braunau inspection."
    },
    {
      "name": "Countess Apráksina’s husband",
      "aliases": [
        "her husband"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed man whose death and widow’s grief are mentioned by Princess Lise."
    },
    {
      "name": "Father Kámenski",
      "aliases": [
        "Father Kamenksi"
      ],
      "description": "A commander named in the Russian soldiers’ song from the Turkish campaign."
    },
    {
      "name": "Dussek",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A composer whose sonata Princess Mary practices."
    },
    {
      "name": "Laurence Sterne",
      "aliases": [
        "Sterne"
      ],
      "description": "An author quoted by Princess Mary."
    },
    {
      "name": "Strauch",
      "aliases": [
        "the Austrian general on Kutúzov’s staff"
      ],
      "description": "An Austrian general on Kutúzov’s staff responsible for provisioning the Russian army."
    },
    {
      "name": "The German landlord at Salzeneck",
      "aliases": [
        "the landlord"
      ],
      "description": "The host of the quarters occupied by Nicholas Rostóv and Denísov."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bondarénko",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Ukrainian hussar who takes care of Nicholas Rostóv’s horse."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer nicknamed “the rat”",
      "aliases": [
        "the rat"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who wins Denísov’s money at cards."
    },
    {
      "name": "Telyánin’s orderly",
      "aliases": [
        "the orderly"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed servant of Lieutenant Telyánin who tells Rostóv his master has gone to headquarters."
    },
    {
      "name": "The squadron quartermaster",
      "aliases": [
        "the quartermaster"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who comes to Denísov’s quarters to report and collect money owed."
    },
    {
      "name": "Staff Captain Kírsten",
      "aliases": [
        "Kírsten",
        "the staff captain"
      ],
      "description": "A tall, grizzled staff captain twice reduced to the ranks and twice restored to his commission. He advises Rostóv to apologize to Colonel Schubert."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general in command of the rearguard",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian general directing the rearguard at the Enns crossing."
    },
    {
      "name": "The staff officer at the Enns crossing",
      "aliases": [
        "the staff officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer helping watch the enemy and the crossing."
    },
    {
      "name": "The artillery officer at the Enns crossing",
      "aliases": [
        "the captain"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed artillery officer ordered to fire a trial shot."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack accompanying Nesvítski",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack who tends Nesvítski’s horses and carries his belongings."
    },
    {
      "name": "The convoy soldier with the wagon",
      "aliases": [
        "the convoyman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier driving a wagon through the crowded bridge crossing."
    },
    {
      "name": "The waggish soldier in the torn coat",
      "aliases": [
        "the waggish soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier who jokes that a million men remain to cross the bridge."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old soldier at the bridge",
      "aliases": [
        "the old man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier who warns a comrade about enemy fire."
    },
    {
      "name": "The orderly searching the cart",
      "aliases": [
        "the orderly"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed orderly searching for leg bands."
    },
    {
      "name": "The German refugee",
      "aliases": [
        "the German"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed German man leading a cart carrying his family and household goods across the bridge."
    },
    {
      "name": "The woman refugee with the baby",
      "aliases": [
        "the woman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman fleeing with the German refugee and their unweaned baby."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old woman refugee",
      "aliases": [
        "the old woman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly woman fleeing with the German refugee’s family."
    },
    {
      "name": "The German girl refugee",
      "aliases": [
        "the healthy German girl"
      ],
      "description": "A young German woman riding on the refugee cart."
    },
    {
      "name": "The infantry officer with the apple",
      "aliases": [
        "the infantry officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who questions the German refugee and offers the German girl an apple."
    },
    {
      "name": "Corporal at the bridge",
      "aliases": [
        "the corporal"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed corporal who teases Zíkin during the bridge crossing."
    },
    {
      "name": "Zíkin",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A thin, small infantry soldier bent under his knapsack, teased during the bridge crossing."
    },
    {
      "name": "Cadet Mirónov",
      "aliases": [
        "Mirónov"
      ],
      "description": "A cadet in Denísov’s squadron who ducks whenever a cannonball flies past."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded hussar at the bridge",
      "aliases": [
        "the wounded man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed hussar struck by grapeshot while the Pávlograd Hussars fire the bridge."
    },
    {
      "name": "Austrian General Schmidt",
      "aliases": [
        "Schmidt"
      ],
      "description": "An Austrian general who fights alongside Prince Andrew and is killed in action."
    },
    {
      "name": "Mortier",
      "aliases": [
        "Mortier’s division"
      ],
      "description": "A French general whose division is attacked by Kutúzov’s army at Krems."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian officer in charge of the wounded transport",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer in charge of the transport"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer overseeing wounded Russian soldiers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The wounded soldier who answers Prince Andrew",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian soldier in the wounded convoy who says the men were wounded on the Danube."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Austrian official at the palace",
      "aliases": [
        "the official"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed palace official who directs Prince Andrew to the adjutant and Minister of War."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant on duty at Brünn",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant on duty"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who receives Prince Andrew and escorts him to the Minister of War."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Minister of War",
      "aliases": [
        "the minister"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Austrian minister who reads Kutúzov’s dispatch and postpones Prince Andrew’s expected presentation to Emperor Francis."
    },
    {
      "name": "Franz",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Bilíbin’s servant."
    },
    {
      "name": "Liebchen",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A woman mentioned by Bilíbin as Franz’s sweetheart; she does not appear directly."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Vrbna",
      "aliases": [
        "our dear Count Vrbna"
      ],
      "description": "An Austrian count who goes to Bonaparte for orders after the French occupy Vienna."
    },
    {
      "name": "Count Lichtenfels",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A count who shows Bilíbin a letter describing the French parade in Vienna."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lannes",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A French marshal who helps take the Thabor Bridge and leads the French forces attacking the Russian left flank at Schön Grabern."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Auersperg",
      "aliases": [
        "Auersperg",
        "Prince Auersperg von Mautern"
      ],
      "description": "The Austrian general responsible for defending Vienna’s Thabor Bridge, deceived by French marshals."
    },
    {
      "name": "Archduke Karl",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An Austrian archduke whose inactivity and possible military successes are discussed by Bilíbin."
    },
    {
      "name": "His Sardinian Majesty",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A sovereign whose interests Bilíbin says Austria’s losses and sacrifices have served."
    },
    {
      "name": "Amelie",
      "aliases": [
        "Amélie"
      ],
      "description": "A woman in Brünn whom a diplomatic friend offers to introduce to Prince Andrew."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Chancellor",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed official who tells a diplomat that an appointment to London should be regarded as a promotion."
    },
    {
      "name": "The diplomat passed over for London",
      "aliases": [
        "the fellow diplomat"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed diplomat whose appointment to London is presented as a promotion."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Empress’ chamberlain",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed court official who invites Prince Andrew to see the Empress."
    },
    {
      "name": "The archduchess",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed member of the Austrian royal family who wishes to see Prince Andrew."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian ambassador at Brünn",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian ambassador"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian diplomat who takes Prince Andrew aside after his audience with Emperor Francis."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lemarrois",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Bonaparte’s adjutant, who carries his stern letter to Murat."
    },
    {
      "name": "Weyrother",
      "aliases": [
        "the Austrian general who had succeeded Schmidt"
      ],
      "description": "An Austrian general who succeeds Schmidt and is present with Kutúzov and Bagratión before battle. He devises and reads the allied attack plan at the council of war."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack commander",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack commander from whom Prince Andrew obtains a horse and a Cossack."
    },
    {
      "name": "The doctor’s wife",
      "aliases": [
        "the wife of the doctor of the Seventh Chasseurs"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed woman traveling with the army whose cart is blocked; Prince Andrew helps her pass."
    },
    {
      "name": "The transport officer who beats the doctor’s driver",
      "aliases": [
        "the angry officer",
        "the convoy officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who whips the driver of the doctor’s wife’s cart."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier driving the doctor’s wife’s cart",
      "aliases": [
        "the driver"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier driving a vehicle carrying the doctor’s wife."
    },
    {
      "name": "The other adjutant at the village house",
      "aliases": [
        "the other adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed adjutant who tells Prince Andrew his baggage and servant Peter are missing."
    },
    {
      "name": "The clerk writing Kutúzov’s dispositions",
      "aliases": [
        "the clerk"
      ],
      "description": "An exhausted unnamed clerk who writes orders dictated at headquarters."
    },
    {
      "name": "The officer on duty with Bagratión",
      "aliases": [
        "the staff officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed, elegantly dressed officer who conducts Prince Andrew around Bagratión’s position and reprimands Captain Túshin."
    },
    {
      "name": "The infantry officer at Túshin’s battery",
      "aliases": [
        "the owner of the manly voice",
        "the company commander",
        "the jaunty infantry officer",
        "the wounded officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed jovial infantry officer who talks with Túshin before battle. Wounded in the stomach, he dies while being carried on a gun carriage."
    },
    {
      "name": "The artillery sentry at Túshin’s battery",
      "aliases": [
        "the artillery sentry"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed sentry pacing before the guns at Túшин’s battery."
    },
    {
      "name": "The artillerymen’s sergeant major",
      "aliases": [
        "Zakharchénko"
      ],
      "description": "Túшин’s respected sergeant major, whom he consults before firing incendiary shells."
    },
    {
      "name": "Medvédev",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An artilleryman whom Captain Túшин orders to fire a cannon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The red-haired gunner",
      "aliases": [
        "the freckled gunner"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed artilleryman who answers Bagratión that Captain Túшин’s company is at the battery."
    },
    {
      "name": "The gunner Number One",
      "aliases": [
        "Number One",
        "the handsome drunkard"
      ],
      "description": "A broad-shouldered artilleryman who works a cannon’s wheel and catches Túшин’s fancy during battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "The gunner Number Two",
      "aliases": [
        "Number Two"
      ],
      "description": "An artilleryman who loads a charge into Túшин’s cannon."
    },
    {
      "name": "The accountant at Bagratión’s battle line",
      "aliases": [
        "the civilian",
        "the accountant"
      ],
      "description": "A stout civilian who has asked to observe the battle and watches events with naïve interest."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Cossack killed near the accountant",
      "aliases": [
        "the Cossack"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Cossack shot dead beside the accountant during Bagratión’s ride."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French grenadier at the picket line",
      "aliases": [
        "the French grenadier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French soldier who argues with Dólokhov about the Russian defeat at Ulm."
    },
    {
      "name": "Iván Lukích",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The captain accompanying Dólokhov to speak with the French grenadiers."
    },
    {
      "name": "Sídorov",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Russian soldier reputed to know French who pretends to converse with the French across the picket line."
    },
    {
      "name": "The regimental commander at Schön Grabern",
      "aliases": [
        "the commander of the regiment"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed elderly Russian commander whose regiment is thrown into confusion under French fire. He reports that his unit has lost more than half its men."
    },
    {
      "name": "The company commander marching with the Sixth Chasseurs",
      "aliases": [
        "the round-faced company commander",
        "the round-faced officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed round-faced officer who leads his company past Bagratión with a jaunty stride. He is shot during the French attack."
    },
    {
      "name": "The stout major at the flogging",
      "aliases": [
        "the major"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who supervises the flogging of a soldier accused of stealing."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier being flogged",
      "aliases": [
        "the naked man"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier punished for stealing from his fellow soldiers."
    },
    {
      "name": "The young officer watching the flogging",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who looks bewildered and pained as he watches the punishment."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old French officer at Schön Grabern",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer with gaitered legs whom Prince Andrew sees climbing the hill with difficulty."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general of the left flank",
      "aliases": [
        "the general commanding the left flank",
        "the general in command of the infantry"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian general who argues with Colonel Schubert about the left flank’s position, then risks himself trying to rally his fleeing infantry."
    },
    {
      "name": "Trooper Nikítenko",
      "aliases": [
        "Nikítenko"
      ],
      "description": "A hussar galloping ahead of Nicholas Rostóv during the charge at Schön Grabern."
    },
    {
      "name": "Bondarchúk",
      "aliases": [
        "the hussar Rostóv knew"
      ],
      "description": "A hussar known to Rostóv who jolts against him during the charge and gallops past."
    },
    {
      "name": "The hooked-nosed French soldier",
      "aliases": [
        "the foremost Frenchman"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed swarthy French soldier who runs toward the wounded Rostóv, aims at him, and fires as Rostóv flees."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Frenchmen approaching Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "the French soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "A group of French soldiers running toward the wounded Rostóv; one speaks in a language he does not recognize."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian hussar prisoner",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian hussar"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian hussar being held by French soldiers while his horse is led behind him."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French officer captured by Dólokhov",
      "aliases": [
        "the surrendering French officer",
        "the French colonel prisoner"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer captured by Dólokhov during the counterattack at Schön Grabern."
    },
    {
      "name": "Major Ekonómov",
      "aliases": [
        "Ekonómov"
      ],
      "description": "A major beside the regimental commander as the troops retreat after the French attack."
    },
    {
      "name": "The staff officer who orders Túшин to retreat",
      "aliases": [
        "the staff officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who berates Túшин for keeping his battery in action after orders to retreat."
    },
    {
      "name": "Antónov",
      "aliases": [
        "Túшин’s favorite soldier"
      ],
      "description": "Túшин’s favorite soldier, whom he asks to spread a cloak for the wounded Rostóv."
    },
    {
      "name": "Rostóv’s wounded cadet",
      "aliases": [
        "the pale hussar cadet"
      ],
      "description": "Nicholas Rostóv, wounded in the arm and helped onto Túшин’s gun carriage after the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "The infantryman who has lost his company",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier who lost his company"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed infantryman who asks Túшин whether he can sit by the fire and says he has lost his company."
    },
    {
      "name": "The infantry officer with the bandaged cheek",
      "aliases": [
        "the bandaged-cheek officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who asks Túшин to move the guns to let a wagon pass."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers fighting over a boot",
      "aliases": [
        "the two soldiers quarreling over a boot"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed soldiers who struggle over a boot beside Túшин’s campfire."
    },
    {
      "name": "The thin pale soldier asking for water",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier with the bandaged neck"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed wounded soldier with a bloodstained bandage around his neck who angrily asks the artillerymen for water."
    },
    {
      "name": "The cheerful soldier borrowing fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the soldier carrying a glowing stick"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed cheerful infantryman who borrows a burning stick from the artillerymen’s fire."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldiers carrying a dead man",
      "aliases": [
        "the four soldiers"
      ],
      "description": "Four unnamed soldiers carrying a dead man on a cloak past Túшин’s campfire."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier warming himself at Rostóv’s fire",
      "aliases": [
        "the naked soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed wounded soldier warming his thin body by the fire who remarks on the many men crippled that day."
    },
    {
      "name": "The artilleryman requesting water",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed artilleryman standing near Túшин who asks what the captain wants while he mutters."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier sent to find a doctor",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier whom Túшин sends to find a dressing station or doctor for Rostóv."
    },
    {
      "name": "Katie",
      "aliases": [
        "the maid",
        "the lady’s maid"
      ],
      "description": "A maid who helps dress Princess Mary and later attends Princess Lise."
    },
    {
      "name": "The maid who sleeps in Princess Mary’s room",
      "aliases": [
        "her maid"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed maid whom Princess Mary asks to sleep in her room after Anatole’s visit frightens her."
    },
    {
      "name": "Caroline the Hungarian",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Hungarian woman who has opened a restaurant in Olmütz with girls as waitresses."
    },
    {
      "name": "Savary",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A French officer who arrives under a flag of truce to seek an audience with Emperor Alexander and then accompanies Dolgorúkov to meet Napoleon."
    },
    {
      "name": "Villier",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "Emperor Alexander’s physician, repeatedly summoned when the Emperor feels unwell."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Schwartzenberg",
      "aliases": [
        "Schwartzenberg"
      ],
      "description": "An old Austrian general who, with Kutúzov, opposes the decision to advance immediately and give battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Buxhöwden",
      "aliases": [
        "Buxhöwden"
      ],
      "description": "A tall, fair-haired general at the council of war who listens impassively to Weyrother’s battle dispositions."
    },
    {
      "name": "General Wimpfen",
      "aliases": [
        "Wimpfen"
      ],
      "description": "A commander of one of the allied columns, named by Bilíbin among the non-Russian leaders."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince de Lichtenstein",
      "aliases": [
        "the Prince of Lichtenstein"
      ],
      "description": "A commander of one of the allied columns, named by Bilíbin among the non-Russian leaders."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince de Hohenlohe",
      "aliases": [
        "the Prince of Hohenlohe"
      ],
      "description": "A commander of one of the allied columns, named by Bilíbin among the non-Russian leaders."
    },
    {
      "name": "The sergeant major Iván Mítrich",
      "aliases": [
        "Iván Mítrich"
      ],
      "description": "A familiar sergeant major in the unnamed regiment described as part of the soldiers’ repeated daily surroundings."
    },
    {
      "name": "Jack",
      "aliases": [
        "the company dog"
      ],
      "description": "A company dog mentioned as a familiar companion to soldiers on the march."
    },
    {
      "name": "Tit",
      "aliases": [
        "the old cook"
      ],
      "description": "Kutúzov’s elderly cook, whom an unseen wag teases in the courtyard while Prince Andrew walks outside."
    },
    {
      "name": "The coachman teasing Tit",
      "aliases": [
        "the wag"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed coachman or orderly who jokes with Kutúzov’s cook, Tit, as the headquarters packs to leave."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French dragoon prisoner",
      "aliases": [
        "the young Alsatian",
        "the Alsatian"
      ],
      "description": "A young French dragoon captured during a small engagement near Wischau. He anxiously explains his capture and pleads that Rostóv spare his horse."
    },
    {
      "name": "The hussar beside Rostóv on picket duty",
      "aliases": [
        "the hussar"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed hussar who rides beside Rostóv on the night skirmish line and responds cautiously to the sounds from the French camp."
    },
    {
      "name": "Sergeant Fédchenko",
      "aliases": [
        "Fédchenko"
      ],
      "description": "A hussar sergeant whom Rostóv calls to accompany him on a reconnaissance toward the French lines."
    },
    {
      "name": "The two hussars accompanying Rostóv",
      "aliases": [
        "the two other hussars"
      ],
      "description": "Two unnamed hussars who ride with Rostóv and Sergeant Fédchenko toward the French pickets."
    },
    {
      "name": "The sergeant of hussars",
      "aliases": [
        "the sergeant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed hussar sergeant who rides up to Rostóv to announce the approaching generals."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French pickets on the hill",
      "aliases": [
        "the French skirmishers"
      ],
      "description": "Unnamed French soldiers stationed on a hill who fire at Rostóv’s scouting party in the fog."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian general arguing with the Austrian guide",
      "aliases": [
        "the Russian general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general who demands that the Austrian cavalry guide halt the cavalry during the march toward Austerlitz."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Austrian guide",
      "aliases": [
        "the Austrian column guide"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Austrian guide among the Russian columns who argues that higher command, rather than he, is responsible for the confusion."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general mimicking soldier",
      "aliases": [
        "the general"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general who rides past the halted troops shouting orders in a language the soldiers cannot understand."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Austrian cavalry commander",
      "aliases": [
        "the higher command"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Austrian commander whose orders redirect the cavalry across the infantry’s route and cause a long delay."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prince Repnín",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Russian Horse Guards officer captured at Austerlitz. He tells Napoleon he commanded a squadron."
    },
    {
      "name": "Lieutenant Sukhtélen",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A nineteen-year-old wounded Horse Guards officer captured with Prince Repnín; he answers Napoleon that youth does not prevent courage."
    },
    {
      "name": "Larrey",
      "aliases": [
        "Napoleon’s doctor",
        "the Emperor’s doctor"
      ],
      "description": "Napoleon’s doctor, ordered to examine the wounded Russian prisoners; he believes Prince Andrew is unlikely to recover."
    },
    {
      "name": "Ilyá Iványch",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "The driver of Emperor Alexander’s carriage, identified by a groom who says he recognizes the Emperor’s coachman."
    },
    {
      "name": "Old Michael",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A Rostóv household servant found asleep when Nicholas returns home."
    },
    {
      "name": "Prokófy",
      "aliases": [
        "the footman"
      ],
      "description": "A strong Rostóv footman who joyfully welcomes Nicholas home."
    },
    {
      "name": "Gavríl",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "A person from whom Nicholas Rostóv had borrowed money to pay a sleigh driver."
    },
    {
      "name": "The club steward",
      "aliases": [
        "the steward"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed English Club official who arranges the dinner with Count Rostóv."
    },
    {
      "name": "Maksím",
      "aliases": [
        "the gardener"
      ],
      "description": "The gardener at the Rostóvs’ Moscow estate, whom Count Rostóv orders to prepare flowers for the club dinner."
    },
    {
      "name": "The old miller",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed miller remembered as fishing peacefully at the Augesd Dam before the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "The miller’s grandson",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed boy who helped his grandfather handle fish at the Augesd Dam."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general killed at the Augesd Dam",
      "aliases": [
        "the general on horseback"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian general killed by a cannonball while directing soldiers toward the ice during the retreat."
    },
    {
      "name": "The soldier whose leg breaks through the ice",
      "aliases": [
        "the foremost soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed soldier who falls through the frozen pond as troops and a gun attempt to cross it."
    },
    {
      "name": "The French convoy officer",
      "aliases": [
        "the first officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer escorting wounded and captured Russian officers who says the Emperor will pass and may wish to see the prisoners."
    },
    {
      "name": "The second French officer with the prisoners",
      "aliases": [
        "another officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French officer who remarks that there are many Russian prisoners."
    },
    {
      "name": "The pale Russian Horse Guards officer",
      "aliases": [
        "the commander of the Emperor Alexander’s Guards"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian Horse Guards officer held prisoner at Austerlitz; the French officers believe he commands the Emperor’s Guards."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Russian general killed by a cannonball",
      "aliases": [],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian general whose death is mistakenly reported to Rostóv; another officer corrects the report, saying he was wounded."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Austrian adjutant at Pratzen",
      "aliases": [
        "the Austrian officer in a white uniform with green plumes"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Austrian officer who asks Kutúzov in the Emperor’s name whether the fourth column has advanced."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general reprimanded by Kutúzov at Pratzen",
      "aliases": [
        "the general who rode up"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian general whose troops halt in the village streets; Kutúzov orders him to form them into battalion columns."
    },
    {
      "name": "The colonel of the third division’s leading regiment",
      "aliases": [
        "the colonel at the head of the regiment"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed colonel surprised by Kutúzov’s order to send out skirmishers because he thought friendly troops were ahead."
    },
    {
      "name": "The general with a watch at Pratzen",
      "aliases": [
        "the general who, watch in hand"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed general who tells Kutúzov it is time to start because the left-flank columns have descended."
    },
    {
      "name": "The adjutant requesting a field glass",
      "aliases": [
        "the adjutant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer beside Prince Andrew who looks down the hill and first notices the French."
    },
    {
      "name": "The second lieutenant holding the flag",
      "aliases": [
        "the second lieutenant"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Russian officer who drops the battalion flag when the French fire at Kutúzov’s suite."
    },
    {
      "name": "The battalion sergeant carrying the standard",
      "aliases": [
        "the sergeant of the battalion"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed sergeant who takes the heavy standard from Prince Andrew and is immediately killed."
    },
    {
      "name": "The second French soldier at the battery",
      "aliases": [
        "another French soldier"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed French soldier who runs toward the red-haired gunner struggling over a mop with another soldier."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Horse Guards officer leading the charge",
      "aliases": [
        "the officer who shouted “Charge!”"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who urges the Horse Guards into their charge against the French cavalry."
    },
    {
      "name": "The pockmarked Horse Guardsman",
      "aliases": [
        "the last of the Horse Guards",
        "the huge pockmarked fellow"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Horse Guardsman whose horse nearly collides with Rostóv during the charge."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Austrian officer speaking with the Grand Duke",
      "aliases": [
        "the pale, white uniformed Austrian officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed Austrian officer to whom the Grand Duke shouts during the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "The Horse Guards cadets",
      "aliases": [
        "the cadets"
      ],
      "description": "Young Horse Guards who take part in the disastrous charge; the text does not identify them individually."
    },
    {
      "name": "Miller",
      "aliases": [
        "the old miller"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed miller remembered as fishing peacefully at the Augesd Dam before the battle."
    },
    {
      "name": "The staff officer who orders Túshin to retreat",
      "aliases": [
        "the staff officer"
      ],
      "description": "An unnamed officer who berates Túshin for keeping his battery in action after orders to retreat."
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
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    "generatedAt": "2026-10-26T07:52:16.222024+00:00",
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    "extractionWarnings": [],
    "promptSha256": "9385e4a21325f0621e5589099a8ad97a61d002a9f4df2818821dc1c353ad5c6d",
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}