The Reign of Greed

Carolino

Also known as Tano

A Civil Guard soldier who is Cabesang Tales’s son and Tandang Selo’s grandson. Recently returned from the Carolines, he shoots his grandfather during an ambush without recognizing him until he hears his cry.

Tandang Selo

Also known as old Selo

An elderly woodcutter and broom-maker, father of Cabesang Tales and grandfather of Juli and Tano. After joining the outlaws, he is mortally wounded in an ambush by the Civil Guard; he recognizes Tano before he dies.

Padre Florentino

An elderly Filipino priest and Isagani’s uncle. He shelters the wounded, fugitive Simoun, hears his confession, and prays beside him when he dies; afterward he casts Simoun’s treasure chest into the sea.

Don Tiburcio de Espadaña

Also known as Don Tiburcio

Doña Victorina’s lame husband, who has been hiding at Isagani’s uncle’s house. Mistaking a telegram about the fugitive Simoun for an order to capture him, he flees to a woodcutter’s hut to escape Victorina.

the lieutenant of the Civil Guard

An unnamed Civil Guard officer who sends Padre Florentino a warning that a fugitive Spaniard is to be arrested alive or dead. The telegram concerns Simoun, though Don Tiburcio mistakenly thinks it concerns him.

Perez

The signatory of a note to Padre Florentino warning him that the Civil Guard will come to arrest a fugitive Spaniard. The note conveys a commandant’s telegram demanding the man alive or dead.

Simoun

Also known as the jeweler · the Brown Cardinal · Black Eminence · Señor Sindbad

A wealthy jeweler and adviser to the authorities, secretly Ibarra, who sought to destroy the colonial system through rebellion. Wounded and pursued, he takes refuge with Padre Florentino, confesses his identity and failed plans, then dies after taking poison to avoid capture; Padre Florentino throws his treasure into the sea.

the General

Also known as the Captain-General · His Excellency · Captain-General and Governor of the Philippine Islands

The colonial governor-general who had been Simoun’s friend and protector. Simoun confesses that he secured the General’s appointment and manipulated him into committing injustices.

Ibarra

Also known as Juan Crisostomo Ibarra · Guevara · Navarra

A young Filipino who returned from Europe hoping to marry Maria Clara and do good, but was framed in an uprising and lost his name, fortune, love, and liberty. Simoun is Ibarra under an assumed identity; in his confession, he recalls escaping through a friend’s heroism before pursuing vengeance.

Maria Clara

Ibarra’s fiancée and the supposed daughter of Capitan Tiago, though Padre Damaso is her biological father. Her death was one of the events that thwarted Simoun’s plans.

Isagani

A tall young poet and student, Basilio’s friend, Paulita Gomez’s former beloved, and Padre Florentino’s nephew. He wrote to his uncle about Don Tiburcio’s fear of Doña Victorina and often sits on the cliff overlooking the sea.

Doña Victorina

Also known as Madam Job · the female Job · the bespectacled Calypso

A vain, capricious woman who tries to Europeanize herself and despises Filipinos despite being one herself. She is Paulita Gomez’s aunt and guardian, and her husband Don Tiburcio believes she is plotting to have him captured.

St. John Chrysostom

A Church father whose saying about the vanity of worldly things comes to Padre Florentino’s mind as he reflects on Simoun’s sudden fall.

Eutropius

A eunuch whom St. John Chrysostom defended; Padre Florentino recalls the comparison while considering Simoun’s misfortune.

the high official who pleads for Basilio

An unnamed Spanish official who argues that Basilio is innocent and should not lose a year of medical studies. After his appeal worsens Basilio’s prospects, he confronts the Captain-General over the unjust treatment of Filipinos and Spain’s obligations, resigns, and announces that he will return to Spain.

the native lackey who opens the carriage door

An unnamed Filipino servant who opens the high official’s carriage door. The official tells him to remember that some Spaniards supported Filipino rights, but the lackey misunderstands and asks where they should go.

Pecson

A chubby, skeptical student with a wide grin who punctures Sandoval’s optimism about the academy petition. After the pasquinade crisis he is suspended and says he intends to become an officer in a court.

Tadeo

Also known as the invalid youth

A student who pretends to be ill to avoid class and habitually hopes for holidays. After the pasquinade crisis he is suspended, celebrates his unexpected holiday, and burns his books.

Juanito Pelaez

Also known as Pelaez

A rich merchant’s son and mischievous student, now in partnership with his father’s business after being suspended from school. He marries Paulita Gomez, and Simoun is rumored to have helped his father’s fortunes.

Makaraig

Also known as Makarai · Makaragui

A wealthy, influential student who led the movement for a Castilian academy. After the academy effort collapses, he secures a passport and hastily leaves for Europe.

the mothers of the suspended students

Unidentified mothers who withdraw their sons from study after the pasquinade crisis, preferring idleness or agriculture and fearing what their sons might learn from books.

Sandoval

Also known as the Peninsular

A Spanish government employee finishing his studies in Manila who allied himself with the Filipino students’ cause. After the pasquinade crisis he confuses the examining board with his oratory and passes.

Basilio

Also known as the student Basilio · Don Basilio

A medical student and Juli’s beloved, imprisoned after the pasquinade crisis and kept in Bilibid for repeated interrogations. Sinong brings him news of Juli’s death and Tandang Selo’s disappearance. Driven by grief and rage, he agrees to join Simoun’s revolution and receives a revolver, but at the wedding feast his conscience returns and he tries to warn the guests before Isagani saves them.

Sinong

Also known as the abused cochero · the cochero

A coachman previously mistreated by the Civil Guard, who had driven Basilio to San Diego. While in Manila, he visits Basilio in prison with news of events in Tiani and later drives Simoun’s carriage.

Ben-Zayb

Also known as Ibañez · the friar-journalist · Fray Ibañez

A prolific Manila journalist who considers himself the country’s leading thinker. He writes an account of the failed bombing at the wedding feast, but the Captain-General forbids publication; later, while investigating a small robbery, he hears revelations linking Simoun to a failed uprising.

the current Minister

An unnamed Spanish minister whom the Captain-General dismisses as unable to hold him accountable. The high official is waiting in Spain after resigning and returning there.

Padre Fernandez

A thoughtful Dominican professor who supports allowing the students’ Castilian academy and argues that the clergy should earn goodwill through justice. Isagani passes the subject he teaches after the pasquinade crisis.

the Jesuits

Also known as the two Jesuits

Two unnamed former teachers of Isagani who disown him after his arrest.

the examining board

Unidentified examiners who assess the students after the pasquinade crisis; Sandoval confuses them with his oratory.

the Captain-General’s successor

An unnamed incoming governor-general whom the Captain-General reportedly considers a model of rectitude and who might investigate Simoun’s gains.

Don Timoteo Pelaez

Juanito Pelaez’s father, a wealthy merchant who enters into partnership with Simoun and arranges his son’s marriage to Paulita Gomez. With Simoun’s loan, he buys Capitan Tiago’s house at a low price and hosts an elaborate wedding feast there.

Paulita Gomez

Also known as Paulita

A beautiful, wealthy orphan under Doña Victorina’s guardianship and Isagani’s former beloved. Her affection for Isagani fades after his arrest and his decision to surrender himself; she marries Juanito Pelaez.

the guests at the wedding feast

Also known as the seven greater gods

Unidentified officials, clergy, merchants, and other guests who attend Juanito Pelaez and Paulita Gomez’s wedding feast at Capitan Tiago’s former house. Simoun’s bomb is intended to kill them, but Isagani throws it into the river.

the Captain-General’s wife

Also known as Juno

An unnamed woman accompanying the Captain-General to the wedding feast, adorned with diamonds and wearing an elaborate silk gown.

the lady who calls Don Timoteo a jumping-jack

An unnamed guest at the wedding feast who privately mocks Don Timoteo’s repeated bows, then criticizes the Captain-General’s wife’s gown to a neighbor.

the husband of the lady who calls Don Timoteo a jumping-jack

An unnamed guest who reproves his wife for criticizing the Captain-General’s wife’s gown, while thinking of his own dressmaker’s bill.

the amateur god who criticizes Don Timoteo’s chromos

An unnamed wedding guest who tells Don Timoteo that his chromo prints spoil the walls.

the wedding guests’ flower girls

Unidentified young girls in the bridal party who follow the bride and groom into the wedding feast.

the wedding porter

An unnamed doorman who bars Basilio from entering the wedding feast because of his disordered appearance and threatens to call the police.

the servant who brings down the lamp

An unnamed servant at the wedding feast who is knocked down when Isagani rushes into the dining kiosk to seize the bomb lamp.

the thief identified as Simoun

An unnamed person who snatches the bomb lamp from the wedding dining kiosk and leaps into the river. Isagani is later understood by the Orenda household to have been the person who took it.

Padre Irene

Also known as Canon Irene · the Canon Irene

A canon and adviser to Capitan Tiago who supported the students’ Castilian academy and served as executor of Tiago’s will. He attends the wedding feast and tries to attack the person who seizes Simoun’s lamp, but Ben-Zayb later describes his actions as heroic.

Padre Salvi

Also known as the ecclesiastical governor

A Franciscan priest who served as ecclesiastical governor. At the wedding feast, he recognizes Ibarra’s handwriting on a threatening note and collapses in terror.

Don Custodio

Also known as the liberal Don Custodio · Good Authority · Don Custodio de Salazar y Sanchez de Monteredondo

An influential Manila official appointed to decide the students’ academy petition. At the wedding feast he dismisses the appearance of Ibarra’s name as a tasteless, seditious joke; afterward he speaks privately with Ben-Zayb about the search for Simoun.

the Countess

An unnamed countess who supported the Castilian academy petition. At the wedding feast she is among the guests and supports the fainting Padre Salvi.

Chichoy

A workman in the silversmith’s shop who believes the clerk’s story about Quiroga and later speaks angrily of the danger facing them. He tells the Orenda family that he saw sacks of powder beneath the wedding kiosk and reports the rumors linking Simoun to the bomb.

the family of Orenda

An unnamed family of jewel merchants in Santa Cruz who hear Chichoy’s account of the bomb at the wedding feast. They include Capitana Loleng, Capitan Toringoy, and their daughters Sensia, Binday, and Tinay.

Tinay

Also known as little Tinay

The youngest daughter in the Orenda family, who becomes bored playing chongka while the household listens to Chichoy’s account of the bomb.

the lory in the Orenda household

A pet lory whose cage hangs by the window where Momoy usually courts Sensia; it is known for greeting the household with phrases of love.

Momoy

Sensia’s betrothed, who attended the wedding feast and later listens fearfully to Chichoy’s account of the bomb. He insists the thief acted wickedly, while Isagani’s reply hints that the thief may have prevented a massacre.

Sensia

The eldest daughter of the Orenda family, a pretty, lively girl given to joking and engaged to Momoy. She attends to the rumors about the wedding feast and suggests Simoun is the devil.

Capitana Loleng

The energetic, intelligent matriarch of the Orenda family, who listens as Chichoy relates the bomb discovery and worries that her debtors attended the wedding feast.

Capitan Toringoy

Also known as Domingo

The head of the Orenda family, described as an easygoing man whose family does most of the work. He listens to Chichoy’s news and is wary of politics.

Binday

A frank and lovely daughter of the Orenda family who remembers seeing blue flames in Simoun’s house during a visit to buy jewels.

Aunt Tentay

An unnamed woman known to the Orenda family, who had said that Simoun was the devil and had bought the Spaniards’ souls.

the three or four outlaws who attack the country house

Unidentified robbers who attack a country house on the Pasig where friars are staying, steal fifty pesos, and slightly injure Padre Camorra. Their captured companions disclose a failed plan to join Matanglawin’s band.

Padre Camorra

Also known as the friar-artilleryman

A crude, hot-tempered friar who had shown unwanted familiarity toward Juli and left Tiani after her death. He is sent by his Provincial to a country house on the Pasig, where robbers slightly injure him.

the Provincial of Padre Camorra’s order

Also known as the Provincial of the Order

An unnamed religious superior who sends Padre Camorra to a country house on the Pasig to expiate his misconduct in Tiani.

the Provincial of the Order

An unnamed religious superior whom the high official identified as the authority to whom an acting Governor referred an earlier dispute between private persons and friars.

the captured outlaw who reveals the conspiracy

An unnamed robber captured after the raid on Padre Camorra’s country house. Under torture, he says that Simoun had arranged for outlaws to join Matanglawin and attack the city after a cannon signal.

Matanglawin

A fierce leader of outlaws whose band terrorizes Luzon. Captured robbers say Cabesang Tales, now among his followers, planned to join them in Santa Mesa for an attack on the city.

Cabesang Tales

Also known as Tales · Telesforo · Telesforo Juan de Dios

Tandang Selo’s son and Juli and Tano’s father, who joined Matanglawin’s outlaws after the friars took his land. Captured robbers say he was to meet them in Santa Mesa for an attack on the city.

the tall, sunburnt Spaniard with white hair

An unnamed Spaniard described by captured robbers as Simoun, who claimed to act under the Captain-General’s orders and promised the outlaws that troops would join their planned attack.

Mautang

A Civil Guard soldier escorting a line of bound prisoners. He beats them mercilessly and is shot dead in an ambush.

the corporal escorting the prisoners

An unnamed Civil Guard officer who commands the march of bound suspects and orders the prisoners shot when the escort is attacked.

the bound prisoners

Six or seven unnamed suspects tied together and marched under armed guard in the heat. Their abuse is interrupted when hidden attackers shoot Mautang and wound the corporal.

the hidden attackers

Unidentified men concealed among rocks above the road who ambush the Civil Guard escort, killing Mautang and wounding the corporal.

the Capitana’s family’s clerk friend

An unnamed government office clerk who gives Chichoy information that leads him to identify Simoun as the person behind the bomb plot.

the Orenda family’s debtors

Unidentified people who owe money to Capitana Loleng and attended the wedding feast; she fears they may have been killed in the explosion.

the friars at the country house

Unidentified friars spending the hot season at a country house on the Pasig, which is attacked by outlaws.

the usher who summons Isagani

An unnamed University usher who tells Isagani that Padre Fernandez wants to speak with him.

the young men who flatter the friars

Unidentified students whom Padre Fernandez criticizes for speaking against the friars in private but flattering them in person.

Horatius

A newspaper writer who ridicules Ben-Zayb in Pirotecnia and later answers his commentary on a disaster in America.

Quiroga

Also known as the Chinaman

A Chinese merchant who aspires to establish a consulate for his nation and is deeply in debt to Simoun. During the pasquinade crisis, he fears unrest, considers using the rifles hidden in his warehouse to provoke searches and extort people, and later attends Capitan Tiago’s wake.

the provincial friend of Quiroga

An unnamed acquaintance who helps Quiroga bar unfamiliar Indians from his gaming houses during the pasquinade crisis.

the policeman accompanying Quiroga

An unnamed policeman who accompanies Quiroga on his short walk to Simoun’s house.

the advisers urging a crackdown

Unidentified people who advise the Captain-General on how to exploit the pasquinade crisis, variously proposing executions, military displays, provocation, and a state of siege.

the boys scrambling for coins

Unidentified boys who scramble for coins thrown during a baptism; a soldier mistakes their commotion for a gathering of rebels.

the bold soldier at the church

An unnamed soldier who mistakes boys scrambling for coins for rebels and charges into a church with his sword, becoming entangled in its curtains.

the two men burying arms

Two unidentified people caught burying old shotguns beneath a house in a Manila suburb.

the braggart who calls for rebellion

An unnamed man who cries that the people should rebel if the authorities want them to, then is beaten and silenced.

the cautious government employee

An unnamed, heavily armed government employee who fires twice at an object near his house, killing a passing policeman.

the policeman shot in Ermita

An unnamed policeman whom a government employee mistakes for a student and shoots dead.

the deaf old man in Dulumbayan

An unnamed poor old man who is shot dead after failing to hear a sentinel’s challenge.

the confectionery proprietress

An unnamed woman who runs a confectionery near the University frequented by students. She asks whether Tadeo has been arrested and worries that he owes her money.

the student from Parian

An unnamed student who tells the confectionery proprietress that Tadeo has already been shot and warns her about a possible search.

the silversmith

A cautious silversmith with whom Placido Penitente boards. He repeatedly coughs to interrupt political talk in his shop, fearing they may be watched.

the blowpipe worker who suspects Padre Salvi

An unnamed, lank and withered worker in the silversmith’s shop who suspects Padre Salvi is behind the pasquinades.

the workman who blames the operetta

An unnamed worker in the silversmith’s shop who suggests the pasquinades are connected to the operetta.

the foolish-faced workman

An unnamed worker in the silversmith’s shop who boasts that he had predicted the affair.

the clerk who blames Quiroga

An unnamed clerk who claims that Quiroga staged the pasquinades to get his Mexican silver brought ashore while officials were distracted.

the credulous simpleton in the silversmith’s shop

An unnamed man who readily believes the clerk’s explanation and imagines himself and his family facing death during a crackdown.

the pyrotechnist

Also known as the former schoolmaster deported for teaching Spanish · the pyrotechnician

A Filipino employed by Simoun to prepare powder, shells, and bombs, formerly a schoolmaster deported for teaching Spanish. He visits the silversmith’s shop with Placido during the crisis, warns the people there of a possible massacre, and urges them to prepare to defend themselves.

the native girl found near the Luneta

An unnamed native girl whose half-naked body Ben-Zayb finds abandoned near the Luneta.

the workers and apprentices in the silversmith’s shop

Unidentified workers and apprentices who leave the shop carrying tools after the pyrotechnist warns them to prepare for violence.

Capitan Tiago

Also known as Don Santiago de los Santos

A wealthy landowner, Maria Clara’s reputed father, and Basilio’s former employer. After Basilio’s arrest and Padre Irene’s alarming stories, he dies of fright; his elaborate funeral is followed by rumors that his soul appeared to nuns.

the curate who tells Padre Irene about Capitan Tiago’s confession

An unnamed parish priest who tells Padre Irene that Capitan Tiago died without confession.

the nuns who report Capitan Tiago’s apparition

Unidentified nuns who are said to have seen Capitan Tiago’s soul appear surrounded by light as he died.

the senior sacristan

An unnamed senior sacristan present at Capitan Tiago’s wake who solemnly confirms details of the supposed apparition and imagines his own afterlife.

Don Primitivo

A philosopher who owns the reserved theater seat occupied by the man who refuses to yield it. At Capitan Tiago’s wake, he argues with the gambler Aristorenas about whether anyone can lose in heaven.

Martin Aristorenas

Also known as Aristorenas

A gambler and cockfighting enthusiast who disputes Don Primitivo’s claim that nobody can lose in heaven.

Capitan Tinong

An unnamed man who offers Capitan Tiago a Franciscan habit for burial, believing it can protect the dead from hell.

the tailor at Capitan Tiago’s wake

An unnamed tailor who argues that Capitan Tiago should be buried in a frock coat and offers one for sale.

Doña Patrocinio

An elderly woman and Capitan Tiago’s longtime rival in religiosity. His grand funeral makes her wish to die the following day so she can receive an even more sumptuous one.

Sister Penchang

A wealthy, pious old woman in whose service Juli had worked to help pay her father’s ransom. After Basilio’s arrest, she blames him for his skepticism about holy water and admits she was glad to have driven Juli from her house.

Juli

Also known as Juliana

Cabesang Tales’s daughter and Basilio’s beloved. After learning Basilio remains imprisoned without a protector, she agonizes over seeking Padre Camorra’s help and eventually enters the convento; afterward, a girl is reported to have leapt to her death from its window.

Sister Bali

A neighbor of the Tales family and an avid panguingui player who helps Juli seek a ransom for her father. She tells Juli that Basilio remains imprisoned, consults the town clerk and Justice of the Peace, and accompanies her toward the convento.

the Justice of the Peace in Tiani

An unnamed, rough local official who tells Sister Bali that Padre Camorra is the only person who might save Basilio and urges Juli to approach him.

the town clerk of Tiani

An unnamed local clerk whom Sister Bali consults about Basilio’s imprisonment. He admits he cannot help because Basilio is in Manila, then advises Juli to visit the Justice of the Peace.

Simon, Sister Bali’s friend

An unnamed man whom Sister Bali says was jailed and flogged after he could not give evidence about a nearby robbery; the town clerk helped secure his release, but he later died from his injuries.

the girl who leaps from the convento window

An unnamed girl reported to have jumped from a convento window and died on the stones below.

the woman who runs screaming from the convento

An unnamed woman who runs from the convento shouting and screaming like a lunatic.

the old man who pounds on the convento door

An unnamed old man, later understood from the events to be Tandang Selo, who pounds on the convento door and cries out after the death there; he is driven away and disappears from the village the next day.

the gobernadorcillo of Tiani

An unnamed local official who is away at the convento when the old man comes seeking him.

the teniente-mayor of Tiani

An unnamed local official who is also at the convento when the old man seeks him.

the lean woman who appeals to God

An unnamed woman, made lean by fasting, who hopes God will grant justice to rich and poor alike.

the woman’s husband

An unnamed man who doubts whether the God preached by the authorities is real, given their injustice.

the seven friars from neighboring towns

A group of unnamed friars who gather at the Tiani convento for a conference after the girl’s death.

the former prisoners who regain their liberty

Unnamed students released after their relatives make efforts and sacrifices on their behalf; Basilio is the exception and remains imprisoned.

the Minister who appointed the Captain-General

An unnamed former minister who appointed the Captain-General and whom the General says will welcome him when he returns.

the Spanish people

The people of Spain, discussed by Padre Fernandez and the high official in arguments about laws, national honor, and the treatment of Filipinos.

Serpolette

A spirited actress in Les Cloches de Corneville. She recognizes Padre Irene as an old friend from the Grand Opera House and greets him affectionately.

Lily

Serpolette’s name for Padre Irene, whom she recognizes as an old friend from the Grand Opera House.

the two gallant officers

Two unnamed officers who are among Serpolette’s admirers at the theater.

the sailor among Serpolette’s admirers

An unnamed sailor among Serpolette’s admirers at the theater.

the lawyer among Serpolette’s admirers

An unnamed lawyer among Serpolette’s admirers at the theater.

the mischievous peasants

Unidentified characters in the operetta who incite the women to quarrel, hoping to see the cancan.

the representatives of the law in the operetta

Unnamed characters in the operetta who arrive in time to prevent the women from coming to blows.

the absent person slandered by the women

An unnamed person discussed and slandered by the women in the operetta.

the lady who arrives late with her husband

An unnamed, haughty theatergoer who arrives with her husband, takes a box, and scolds him when she notices another box is empty.

the husband of the late-arriving lady

An unnamed man accompanying the haughty lady who arrives late at the theater; she scolds him over the vacant box.

the Catalan merchant

An unnamed merchant whom Juanito Pelaez watches conversing in French with the Swiss consul to imitate their reactions to the play.

the Swiss consul

An unnamed consul seated beside the Catalan merchant, conversing with him in French.

the Swiss consul’s companion

An unnamed escort of a literary-minded lady who jokes that Simoun is acting as a palace purveyor.

the bailiff

A character in Les Cloches de Corneville who receives a slap intended for Grenicheux, sending his wig flying.

Grenicheux

A cowardly character in Les Cloches de Corneville who is mistakenly struck by Gaspard’s slap, which lands on the bailiff instead.

Gaspard

A character in Les Cloches de Corneville whose slap is intended for Grenicheux but hits the bailiff.

the marquis

A character in Les Cloches de Corneville who takes Serpolette and Germaine as servants and Grenicheux as coachman.

Germaine

A character and actress in Les Cloches de Corneville, described as the troupe’s embodiment of timid beauty and an ideal blonde by a theatergoer.

the men and women in the servant market

Unidentified characters in an operetta scene depicting a market where servants, coachmen, and domestics are hired.

the dozen girls in the servant market

A group of unnamed girls in the operetta’s servant-market scene, led by Serpolette and dressed for the hiring market.

the men in livery in the servant market

A group of unnamed, rough-looking characters in livery who take their place under the domestiques sign in the operetta’s servant-market scene.

the person who calls Juanito consumptive

An unidentified spectator who calls for Juanito Pelaez to be put out of the theater as a consumptive.

the lady who claims Simoun is playing Monte Cristo

An unnamed theatergoer who says Simoun is trying to imitate Monte Cristo.

the jealous escort who calls Simoun a palace purveyor

An unnamed man accompanying a literary-minded lady who suggests Simoun is trying to become a purveyor to the Palace.

Victor Hugo

A French poet whom Sandoval claims owes his genius to having spent his childhood in Madrid; Pecson cites him as a counterexample to Sandoval’s dismissal of French poetry.

the president of the lyceum

An unnamed person whose speech Tadeo plagiarizes for his toast at the students’ banquet.

the Augustinian preacher

An unnamed, then-famous preacher whom Pecson imitates when delivering his satirical speech at the banquet.

the young man who leaves the pansitería with a stranger

An unidentified young man whom the students see leave the banquet restaurant and enter Simoun’s carriage with another person.

the stranger accompanying the young man from the pansitería

An unidentified person who enters Simoun’s carriage with a young man leaving the banquet restaurant.

the two Chinese waiters carrying the tureens

Two unnamed waiters who follow Isagani into the banquet carrying large tureens.

the student who checks the balcony

An unnamed student who goes toward the balcony when a Chinese server does not appear, then reports that the group is being watched.

the Chinese server at the banquet

An unnamed server expected to bring the banquet courses, whose absence prompts a student to check the balcony.

the professor of pathology

An unnamed, servile professor appointed through the Vice-Rector’s influence and regarded by other faculty as a spy and informer.

the clinical professor

An unnamed professor and friend of Basilio who advises him to go home and destroy any compromising papers after the discovery of seditious pasquinades.

the janitor

An unnamed University janitor, identified as one link in the rumor chain through which students hear about the pasquinades.

the servant in Santo Tomas

An unnamed servant whose information about the pasquinades reaches the janitor.

the usher at Santo Tomas

An unnamed usher whose information about the pasquinades reaches a servant and then the University janitor.

the corporal at Makaraig’s house

An unnamed officer who questions Basilio, identifies him on a list, and arrests him.

the warrant officer

An unnamed officer accompanying the corporal who arrests Basilio at Makaraig’s house.

the people watching the students’ banquet

Unidentified onlookers gathered outside the pansitería while the students hold their banquet.

the narrator

An unnamed narrator who recounts the theater performance, the students’ banquet, Basilio’s arrest, and Isagani’s meeting with Paulita.

the head secretary

An unnamed high government secretary who opposed the proposed Castilian academy, according to Makaraig’s account.

the Civil Governor

An unnamed colonial official who opposed the proposed Castilian academy, according to Makaraig’s account.

the Superior Commission of Primary Instruction

Also known as the Commission of Primary Instruction

A government commission that approves the academy idea but places its direction and execution under a religious corporation, according to Makaraig’s account.

the schoolgirl’s friend at the theater

An unnamed young woman who accompanies Paulita to the theater and later helps leave her alone to talk with Isagani.

the students’ association

A student organization whose members are implicated after seditious pasquinades appear at the University; the students’ academy effort is also associated with it.

the Swiss consul’s escort

An unnamed person accompanying a literary-minded lady who remarks jealously that Simoun is acting as a palace purveyor.

the clinical professor’s physician colleague

An unnamed professor of pathology, regarded as a spy and informer by the faculty; he passes Basilio and the clinical professor at the hospital.

Dr. Friata

The author of Medicina Legal y Toxicología, a medical text Basilio borrows to study.

the two men in the carriage with Simoun

Two different unnamed individuals who accompany Simoun when he returns home on separate occasions.

the student whom Simoun pays admission

An unnamed person, apparently a student, whom Simoun pays to enter the theater before disappearing into the shadows.

the person who brings Padre Salvi’s letter

Padre Irene, who brings Basilio a letter from Padre Salvi reporting Maria Clara’s death.

the friend of the woman who arrives late

An unnamed woman in the late-arriving lady’s party who accompanies her and helps create an opportunity for Paulita to speak privately with Isagani.

the daughters of the rich man in debt to Tadeo

Unidentified young women seated near the students’ box, whom Sandoval addresses during his speech.

the young men of the islands at war with Spain

Unidentified young men whom Isagani imagines defending their homes and earning glory in the eyes of their women.

the islanders resisting the foreign yoke

An unnamed people whose resistance Isagani regards as a defense of their homes and a response to their weakness.

the man who said the locomotive verse

An unnamed writer whom Isagani quotes while describing his hopes for railways across the islands.

Alaejos

A writer whose verse about the shore and waves is quoted in Isagani’s narration.

the young man suspected of writing the pasquinades

An unnamed person whom one student calls a fool for writing the seditious pasquinades; Isagani argues that the students’ conduct should stand on its own.

the carriage driver who takes Basilio and the officers to the Civil Government

Also known as the cochero

An unnamed coachman whom Makaraig orders to drive the carriage to the Civil Government.

the head

Also known as the sphinx

The exhibited head speaks as Imuthis and recounts how a priest of Abydos framed him for rebellion, pursued the maiden he loved, and drove her mad. It accuses Padre Salvi of murder, causing him to collapse.

Imuthis

An ancient Egyptian who says he loved a priest’s daughter and was framed for rebellion by a young priest of Abydos. He escaped imprisonment but was killed during a chase on Lake Moeris; his story is spoken by the head at Mr. Leeds’s exhibition.

the maiden, daughter of a priest

The woman Imuthis loved, whom the young priest of Abydos also desired. After Imuthis’s death, the priest pursued and terrorized her in a temple on the island of Philae, driving her mad; Padre Salvi’s fearful words suggest that she still lives.

the young priest of Abydos

Also known as Gaumata’s agent among the Egyptian priests

An unnamed Egyptian priest who desired Imuthis’s beloved and used Imuthis’s name and papyri to provoke a rebellion. After Imuthis’s death, he pursued the maiden and drove her mad.

Mr. Leeds

Also known as the American · the prestidigitator

An American showman who stages the speaking head as Imuthis at the Quiapo fair. After the ecclesiastical governor bans the show, Leeds leaves for Hongkong with his secret.

Placido Penitente

Also known as Penitente · Placido

A diligent student from Tanawan who leaves Padre Millon’s class bitter and resolved to abandon the University. He considers going to Hongkong, but after meeting Simoun learns of preparations for an uprising and leaves with new thoughts.

Cabesang Andang

Also known as Placido Penitente’s mother

Placido’s mother, who has sacrificed to support his education and urges him to be patient and humble after he decides to quit the University. She comes to Manila to visit him and bring money and provisions.

Capitana Simona

An unnamed woman mentioned by Cabesang Andang as the mother of a son who entered the seminary. Andang says Simona now carries herself as though her son were a bishop and may not repay a debt.

Capitana Simona’s son

An unnamed young man who entered the seminary; his mother expects him to become a priest.

Placido’s father

An unnamed man who asked Cabesang Andang to care for Placido, educate him, and make him a lawyer.

the Augustinian procurator

An unnamed official of the Augustinian order whom Cabesang Andang hopes to enlist to restore Placido to the Dominicans’ good graces.

the lieutenant and the corporal contacted by the pyrotechnist

Unnamed officers whom the pyrotechnist is instructed to notify about the preparations for an uprising.

the Spaniard on crutches

An unnamed Spaniard whom Simoun visits while accompanied by Placido. He is ready to act at the first cannon shot; Simoun says he was sent to a penal settlement at Balabak, where illness left him near death.

the beautiful wife of the Spaniard on crutches

An unnamed woman whom Simoun says was the beautiful wife of the Spaniard on crutches.

Camaroncocido

Also known as the red-faced reporter

A ragged, crippled man from a prominent Spanish family who lives like a vagabond and appears wherever newsworthy events occur. Outside the theater, he notices suspicious groups and overhears a plan in which a gunshot will serve as a signal.

Tio Quico

Also known as Uncle Frank

A small, elderly Filipino who advertises theatrical performances and posts show bills. He worries that the friars’ opposition to the operetta will hurt his livelihood.

the unnamed officer coordinating the signal

An unidentified army officer who tells several groups that a gunshot will be the signal and promises a promotion to a man who follows his instructions.

the rosary-wearing man

An unnamed man wearing rosaries and scapulars who tells another person that the friars are more powerful than the Captain-General and repeats that a gunshot will be the signal.

the novice from Tadeo’s town

Also known as the newcomer from the provinces · the lame student’s opponent

An unnamed student from Tadeo’s town who had earlier provoked a fight by misreading the Cartesian principle. At the theater, Tadeo regales him with invented stories about the people arriving, and Makaraig invites him inside with the students.

the judge with dark whiskers

Also known as Judge A

An unnamed judge whom Tadeo identifies to the novice and falsely claims to have reconciled with Colonel B. The judge and colonel greet one another cordially.

Colonel B

An unnamed colonel whom Tadeo claims to have reconciled with Judge A; they greet each other cordially at the theater.

the musician H

An unnamed musician whom Tadeo points out to the novice among the theater arrivals.

the lawyer J

An unnamed lawyer whom Tadeo says delivered a widely printed speech as his own.

Doctor K

Also known as Herod

An unnamed doctor who specializes in children’s diseases and is nicknamed Herod, according to Tadeo.

the banker L

An unnamed banker whom Tadeo describes as speaking only of his money and hoards.

the poet M

An unnamed poet whom Tadeo says is always writing about the stars and the beyond.

the wife of N

An unnamed woman whom Tadeo says Padre Q visits when her husband is away.

Padre Q

An unnamed priest whom Tadeo claims visits the wife of N when her husband is absent.

the Jewish merchant P

An unnamed Jewish merchant whom Tadeo says arrived in the islands with a thousand pesos and became a millionaire.

the physician R

An unnamed physician whom Tadeo says became rich by making conscripts appear ill during examinations more often than by curing patients.

the homeopathist

An unnamed, finely dressed practitioner whom Tadeo distinguishes from a physician and says follows the principle of similia similibus.

the young cavalry captain

An unnamed young cavalry officer whom Tadeo identifies as the chosen disciple of the homeopathist.

the government clerk who hates hats

An unnamed government clerk whom Tadeo describes as habitually impolite and furious when others wear hats, supposedly to ruin German hatmakers.

the wealthy merchant C

An unnamed merchant who arrives with his family and is said by Tadeo to have an income exceeding one hundred thousand pesos. Tadeo claims the merchant owes him money.

Pepay

Also known as the dancing girl

A dancer and friend of Don Custodio, whom Makaraig befriends to influence the arbiter. At the theater, she has a box and communicates to Makaraig that she has news; Tadeo says a Catholic gentleman has forbidden her to dance.

Z, the Chinese mestizo who calls himself a Peninsular

Also known as the death’s-head

An unnamed Chinese mestizo whom Tadeo says claims to be a Peninsular Spaniard. He is following Pepay in hopes of persuading her to dance again.

the official who put his daughters on the payroll

An unnamed official whom Tadeo accuses of appointing his three daughters as departmental assistants to place them on the payroll and of charging personal purchases to the treasury.

the nieces of Captain D

Two unnamed young women whom Tadeo says are rich Captain D’s nieces. He predicts they may die or go mad because their uncle opposes their marrying.

Captain D

An unnamed wealthy captain who, according to Tadeo, opposes his nieces’ marriages and has a history of insanity in the family.

Señorita E

An unnamed rich heiress whom Tadeo says is being courted by both society and the conventos.

the Weary Waiters

Also known as the Three Fates

Three unnamed, elderly, censorious women at the theater whom Tadeo mockingly calls the Weary Waiters.

the three young women following the Weary Waiters

Three unnamed young women whom Tadeo calls the pride of their friends and contrasts with the aging Weary Waiters.

the chemist S

An unnamed young chemist with goggle eyes who has written essays and scientific treatises, some of which have won prizes.

the poet T

An unnamed young poet whom Tadeo calls talented and says has given up writing because of that talent.

the young physician U

An unnamed young doctor whom Tadeo says has achieved remarkable cures and is clever and sly.

the merchant F

An unnamed merchant whom Tadeo accuses of forging documents, including his baptismal certificate, to claim Spanish mestizo status.

the young man engaged to one of the merchant’s daughters

An unnamed, thin young man from San Pedro Makati who follows the merchant’s daughters. He imitates Spanish customs and has subjected himself to privations to appear European.

the governor of Pangasinan

An unnamed provincial governor whom Tadeo says loses his appetite when Filipinos fail to salute him and became known for issuing a proclamation about salutes.

the theater-seat usurper

An unnamed man who refuses to give up a reserved seat to its owner, the philosopher Don Primitivo. His stubbornness briefly becomes the center of attention before the Captain-General arrives.

the theater manager

An unnamed manager who tries to recover Don Primitivo’s reserved seat and calls guards when the occupant refuses to leave.

the French operetta troupe

A company performing Les Cloches de Corneville at the Teatro de Variedades. Its actresses draw both enthusiastic interest and opposition from the friars and conservative officials.

Gertrude

A proud young woman in Les Cloches de Corneville who sings while looking roguishly toward the Captain-General.

Don Manuel

An unnamed official and Don Custodio’s longtime adversary in sessions of the Ayuntamiento. He makes caustic remarks about Don Custodio’s attendance at the operetta.

the usher

An unnamed theater employee whom the manager sends to persuade the seat usurper to give up Don Primitivo’s place.

the corporal summoned to the theater

An unnamed guard officer whom two guards seek after the theater-seat usurper refuses to leave.

the young schoolmaster’s father

An unnamed man whom Cabesang Andang says could not endure European cheese.

the Bishop A.

An unnamed bishop, mentioned by Pecson as a possible outside influence consulted about the students’ association.

the Padre B.

An unnamed friar, mentioned by Pecson as a possible outside influence consulted about the students’ association.

the Provincial C.

An unnamed provincial official, mentioned by Pecson as a possible outside influence consulted about the students’ association.

the acting Governor

An unnamed acting colonial governor who, in an earlier dispute between private persons and friars, referred the matter to the provincial of the relevant religious order.

the merchant who expected to sell the academy materials

An unnamed merchant who supported the Castilian academy petition and expected to sell materials for the new school.

the high official who cited royal decrees

An unnamed high official who supported the students’ petition and cited royal decrees in its favor.

Señor Pasta

An influential Manila lawyer and Don Custodio’s adviser, whom the friars consult in difficult matters. Isagani seeks his help with the academy petition, but Pasta refuses to intervene and counsels submission and personal advancement.

the clerks and understudies

Unnamed workers in Señor Pasta’s office who write in an adjoining room.

the Rector

An unnamed incoming head of the University who is said to be bringing a proposal to reform education.

Matea

Also known as the seamstress

A seamstress with a shop employing many girls and, according to Makaraig, Señor Pasta’s acquaintance. The students discuss approaching her as a way to influence Pasta.

Señor Gonzalez

Also known as Pitilí

A guest at Quiroga’s dinner who praises the idea of a Chinese consulate while writing newspaper attacks on Chinese immigration under the pseudonym Pitilí.

the government clerk involved in the Mexican-peso dispute

An unnamed, sharp-looking government clerk associated with the dispute over Mexican pesos that troubled one of Quiroga’s protégés.

the government official criticizing Quiroga’s lottery business

An unnamed official who publicly criticizes the lottery-ticket business Quiroga conducts with an influential woman, while hoping to win its first prize.

the Captain-General’s nephew

An unnamed nephew of the Captain-General who is assigned to a commission sent to India to investigate soldiers’ footwear.

the elderly lady at the dinner

An unnamed guest at Quiroga’s dinner who questions why Indian soldiers need shoes.

the widow at the dinner

An unnamed widow at Quiroga’s dinner who argues that money spent on soldiers’ shoes could support widows and orphans; she receives a small pension.

the friend of the footwear commission officers

An unnamed guest at Quiroga’s dinner who defends the need for soldiers’ shoes by describing the harsh conditions in which they march.

the importer of shoes

An unnamed shoe importer at Quiroga’s dinner who says a Peninsular shoemaker demanded high fees to serve on the footwear commission.

the friend of the author

An unnamed guest at Quiroga’s dinner, identified as a friend of the officers serving on the footwear commission.

Padre Sibyla

Vice-Rector of the University, a Dominican who opposes the students’ proposed Castilian academy. According to Señor Pasta’s account, he suggested referring the petition to the Commission to delay a decision.

the powerful man connected to the bracelet recipient

An unnamed influential man whose friend received three diamond bracelets from Quiroga; Quiroga hoped to gain this woman’s influence in a business deal.

the beautiful lady who kept Quiroga’s bracelets

Also known as the cigarrera

An unnamed woman connected to a powerful man, whose influence Quiroga sought for a business deal. She kept all three diamond bracelets he offered her, though he had asked her to choose one.

the gobernadorcillo of the natives

An unnamed local official who, in a story about rival guilds, sat with one leg crossed to display his shoes, helping spark a public dispute with the mestizo guild.

the gobernadorcillo of the guild of mestizos

An unnamed local official who spread his legs to display his gold chain, provoking rivalry with the natives’ gobernadorcillo.

the cabeza de barangay who turned a somersault

An unnamed local official who joined the natives’ response in the seating dispute and, being unable to cross his legs, turned a somersault.

the colonel on the footwear commission

An unnamed colonel assigned to the commission sent to India to investigate footwear for soldiers.

the two other officers on the footwear commission

Two unnamed officers assigned with a colonel and the Captain-General’s nephew to investigate soldiers’ footwear in India.

false Smerdis

Also known as Gaumata

An impostor whom Imuthis identifies as the Magian Gaumata, who usurped the throne and ordered Egyptian priests to ruin him.

Cambyses

A Persian ruler mentioned in Imuthis’s account as returning from a failed expedition into Libya and as the person to whom Imuthis might have exposed false Smerdis.

the woman who asks about the sphinx

An unnamed woman outside Mr. Leeds’s exhibition who suspects the friars are keeping the public out so they can conceal how they are being fooled.

the man who answers the woman outside the exhibition

An unnamed man outside Mr. Leeds’s exhibition who tells a woman that the sphinx is reserved for the friars and clerks.

the military official who read Napoleon’s history

An unnamed military guest at Quiroga’s dinner who remarks that the box smells of forty centuries, echoing a phrase associated with Napoleon.

Mohammed

A figure shown seated in a popular Chinese print at Quiroga’s home; some local people identify him as the seated figure, though the Chinese themselves give no clear explanation.

Santiago

Also known as St. James

A figure identified by some local people as the seated man in a popular Chinese print at Quiroga’s home; the text notes that this identification is unclear.

Amasis

An Egyptian ruler during whose time Imuthis says he was born.

Thoth

An Egyptian deity whose tribunal Imuthis says he expected to face after his death.

the friar-administrator

An unnamed friar representing the religious corporation that claims Cabesang Tales’s cultivated fields and raises the rent. Tales sees him laughing with the man taking over the fields; he is found murdered the next morning.

the farmer who took over Cabesang Tales’s fields

Also known as the new tenant of Cabesang Tales’s land · the usurper of his land

An unnamed man who takes possession of Cabesang Tales’s fields. He is found murdered alongside the friar-administrator.

the wife of the usurper

An unnamed woman identified as the wife of the man who took over Cabesang Tales’s land. She is found murdered in town, with a blood-written note bearing the name Tales beside her.

the servant

An unnamed servant of Simoun, whom Simoun orders to take a chest by boat to Los Baños and wait for him.

the band of music

An unnamed band accompanying the Captain-General on his hunt in Bosoboso and return to Los Baños.

the provincial authorities

Unnamed officials who fear dismissals and transfers after the Captain-General’s unsuccessful hunt.

the gobernadorcillos and cabezas de barangay

Unnamed local officials who fear the Captain-General’s displeasure after his unsuccessful hunt.

the alcalde

An unnamed official from years earlier who traveled on the shoulders of impressed porters because he could find no horses he considered safe.

the secretary

An unnamed government secretary who handles documents for the Captain-General and presents matters including the students’ petition and the Tiani schoolmaster’s request.

the schoolmaster of Tiani

An unnamed schoolmaster who asks for a better school location because the storehouse assigned to him has no roof. Padre Camorra calls him a discontented filibuster, and the Captain-General decides to suspend him.

the governor of the province

An unnamed provincial official whom the Captain-General says the Tiani schoolmaster should have approached about his schoolhouse request.

the nuncio

An unnamed Church official whom the Captain-General says the Tiani schoolmaster should have approached about his schoolhouse request.

Padre Valerio

The curate who conducts the college in Tanawan where Placido Penitente excelled in Latin and disputation.

Juanito Pelaez’s father

An unnamed wealthy Spanish mestizo merchant in a suburb who places his hopes in Juanito’s talent.

Padre Paco

A curate whom Juanito Pelaez compares favorably with Padre Camorra.

the two men serenading Juli

Two unnamed men whom Padre Camorra reportedly beat with a club while they serenaded Juli.

the professor of physics

An unnamed professor whose nameday celebration Juanito Pelaez says the students attended with an orchestra, flowers, and gifts.

the professor of natural history

An unnamed professor whose upcoming nameday Juanito Pelaez proposes celebrating with an orchestra and student contributions.

the schoolgirl

An unnamed young woman attending the Escuela Municipal who passes the students on their way to school.

the old woman accompanying the young girl

An unnamed elderly woman, dressed in the habit of the Sisterhood of St. Rita, who limps beside and scolds a young girl near the University.

the family of votaries

An unnamed family who arrive by carriage to visit the Virgin of the Rosary.

the student who asks Placido to sign

An unnamed student who presses Placido to sign a counter-petition opposing the proposed academy of Castilian.

Placido’s uncle

An unnamed man who once pulled Placido’s ears to teach him not to sign documents without understanding them.

the cabeza de barangay

An unnamed local official in Placido’s town who was imprisoned for months and nearly deported after signing a document he did not understand.

the professor

Also known as Padre Millon

A young Dominican professor who teaches physics and chemistry at the University of Santo Tomas. He humiliates students through abstract questioning and unfairly marks Placido absent and failing after Placido challenges him.

the professor of canonical law

An unnamed professor from whom Padre Millon adopted the practice of addressing students in the slang of the markets.

the fat student

Also known as the sleepy-head · the wretched boy

An unnamed student who falls asleep during Padre Millon’s class and is confused and ridiculed when asked to explain the definition of a mirror.

the student removing his shoes

An unnamed student in Padre Millon’s class who secretly removes shoes that hurt his feet.

the Chinese pedler

An unnamed Chinese vendor who sells mixtures and pastries at Makaraig’s house, where students tease and jostle him.

the lame student

Also known as the little lame boy · el cojito

An unnamed student at Makaraig’s house who is sensitive about his infirmity and fights with a newcomer after mistaking the newcomer’s reading of a Cartesian principle for an insult.

the student who is held down

An unnamed younger boy at Makaraig’s house who is held down by older students and cries out while resisting their teasing.

the students at Makaraig’s house

Individually unidentified students who board at Makaraig’s house and play, study, make music, tease one another, and gamble.

the religious instructors

Also known as the friars

A collective reference to religious instructors who control the schools and whose authority is debated in the passage; they are not individually identified.

Luis Habaña

A friend of the author named among the Kalamba tenants who suffered during the expedition and were dispossessed and exiled.

Matías Belarmino

A friend of the author named among the Kalamba tenants who suffered during the expedition and were dispossessed and exiled.

Nicasio Eigasani

A friend of the author named among the Kalamba tenants who suffered during the expedition and were dispossessed and exiled.

Cayetano de Jesús

A friend of the author named among the Kalamba tenants who suffered during the expedition and were dispossessed and exiled.

Mateo Elejorde

A friend of the author named among the Kalamba tenants who suffered during the expedition and were dispossessed and exiled.

Leandro Lopez

A friend of the author named among the Kalamba tenants who suffered during the expedition and were dispossessed and exiled.

Antonino Lopez

A friend of the author named among the Kalamba tenants who suffered during the expedition and were dispossessed and exiled.

Silvestre Ubaldo

A friend of the author named among the Kalamba tenants who suffered during the expedition and were dispossessed and exiled.

Manuel Hidalgo

A friend of the author named among the Kalamba tenants who suffered during the expedition and were dispossessed and exiled.

Paciano Mercado

A friend of the author named among the Kalamba tenants who suffered during the expedition and were dispossessed and exiled.

Mariano Herbosa

A relative of the author whose body was exhumed and cast to dogs on the pretext that he had died without final absolution.

Valeriano Weyler

Also known as Captain-General Valeriano Weyler

A Captain-General who, according to the translator’s note, sent artillery to Kalamba at the Dominican corporation’s instigation to destroy property belonging to tenants contesting friar land titles.

Padre Millon’s students

A group of students in the physics and chemistry class, collectively described as enduring rote recitations and humiliating questioning.

Melchior

One of the Three Magi in San Diego’s Christmas Eve procession, portrayed as a Black king riding a lively pony.

Gaspar

One of the Three Magi in San Diego’s Christmas Eve procession.

Balthazar

One of the Three Magi in San Diego’s Christmas Eve procession.

King Bernardo

Also known as the King of the Indians

A legendary Indian king said to be imprisoned and chained in a cave at San Mateo. The legend says that he breaks a chain every hundred years and will one day free the people.

St. Joseph

A figure carried in the Christmas Eve procession, depicted with lilies and flanked by Civil Guards.

the curate

The unnamed parish priest in San Diego who charges the townspeople for Christmas Masses and advises Sinong to have his horses blessed. The passage does not establish whether he is Padre Camorra.

the tertiary sister

An unnamed religious woman who told Sinong that his blessed horses were sanctified and should not be whipped.

Capitan Basilio

A wealthy businessman in San Diego who discusses jewels with Simoun and buys presents for the curate and the alferez. He is Sinang’s father.

Sinang

Capitan Basilio’s married daughter, who appears at her father’s Christmas feast and buys earrings from Simoun.

the alferez

An unnamed Civil Guard officer who seeks a watch-chain from Simoun and receives it as a Christmas gift from Capitan Basilio.

the trustworthy man

An unnamed man who works for Capitan Tiago and gives Basilio news about the estate and its laborers.

the tenant who cared for the woods

An unnamed elderly tenant and caretaker of the woods on Capitan Tiago’s property, who died of old age.

Aunt Isabel

An unnamed woman who accompanied Capitan Tiago when Basilio first saw them in Manila and sought work in their household.

the handsome Dominican professor

An unnamed professor who taught Basilio Latin at San Juan de Letran and ignored him during his first year there.

the jolly Latin professor

An unnamed professor who taught Basilio in his third year of Latin, mocked his exact recitation, and thereafter stopped questioning him.

the popular professor

An unnamed, celebrated professor who led students on a walk and urged them to fight cadets, promising good marks to those who joined. Basilio distinguished himself in the ensuing clash and became his favorite.

the Dominican examiner

An unnamed Dominican sent to inspect the Ateneo Municipal who remarked on Basilio’s earlier Latin studies at San Juan de Letran.

the stranger who helped Basilio

An unnamed man who appeared after Basilio’s mother died, helped him build a funeral pyre and bury her, then gave him money and told him to leave. He is the same person Basilio later recognizes as Simoun.

Tacitus

A Roman historian whom Simoun cites on the tendency of people to hate those they have wronged.

Seneca

A Roman philosopher whom Simoun cites on the tendency of people to hate those they have wronged.

Capitana Tika

An unnamed woman who attends Simoun’s jewelry sale with her daughter Sinang and continues to pinch her despite Sinang’s marriage.

Sinang’s husband

An unnamed man married to Sinang who attends Simoun’s jewelry sale and admires the display.

the wife of Capitan Basilio

An unnamed woman who accompanies Capitan Basilio to Simoun’s jewelry sale.

Capitan Basilio’s son-in-law

An unnamed man who accompanies Capitan Basilio to Simoun’s jewelry sale.

the Viceroy of India

An unnamed ruler who, according to Simoun, offered twelve thousand pounds for one of his diamonds.

the Princess Lamballe

A historical figure whose ring Simoun claims to possess.

Marie Antoinette

The French queen whose lady, according to Simoun, once owned a pair of his earrings.

Hannibal

The Carthaginian general whom Capitan Basilio jokes might have sent jewels back after the Battle of Cannae.

Cleopatra

The Egyptian queen to whom Simoun attributes an ancient necklace.

Julius Caesar

Also known as Caesar

The Roman leader whom Capitan Basilio imagines Cleopatra may have captivated with her necklace.

Mark Antony

The Roman leader whom Capitan Basilio imagines Cleopatra may have captivated with her necklace.

Sulla

The Roman dictator to whom Simoun attributes an ancient signet ring.

the Virgin of Antipolo

A Marian image to whom Sister Penchang has promised a diamond ring in the hope of obtaining a miracle.

the Archbishop

Also known as the Archbishop of Manila · his Grace

An unnamed Church official who granted forty days of indulgence to readers or listeners of a booklet sold by the curate.

Capitana Ines

A woman celebrated by the curates as having been immortalized on earth and then ascended to heaven; Sister Penchang hopes for a similar reputation.

Tandang Basio Macunat

The eponymous figure in a booklet the curate gives to Sister Penchang, which she makes Juli read repeatedly.

the Civil Guard lieutenant

An unnamed officer who says he has done his duty by collecting weapons and organizing an expedition after Cabesang Tales was captured.

Fray Clemente

The friar-administrator who complained about Cabesang Tales’s arms, leading to their seizure, and later defended the religious corporation’s actions.

the headman of the village

An unnamed village official who transmitted the town council’s order requiring Cabesang Tales to leave his house.

José Rizal

Also known as J. Rizal

Author of the novel; mentioned in the translator’s introduction.

Charles E. Derbyshire

Also known as Charles Derbyshire

Translator of the English version; identified in the book’s front matter.

Don Mariano Gomez

A priest executed in 1872; the novel is dedicated to his memory.

Don José Burgos

Also known as José Burgos

A priest executed in 1872; the novel is dedicated to his memory.

Don Jacinto Zamora

Also known as Jacinto Zamora

A priest executed in 1872; the novel is dedicated to his memory.

Padre Damaso

Also known as Fray Damaso

A Franciscan curate who quarreled with Ibarra’s father and helped cause his death in prison. He is Maria Clara’s biological father and her godfather; he opposed her marriage to Ibarra.

Elias

An outlaw who saved Ibarra and helped him escape. He sacrificed himself to draw the Civil Guard away from Ibarra’s boat and died beside Basilio’s mother.

Basilio’s mother

Also known as the madwoman

A poor woman driven insane by her husband’s neglect and abuses by the Civil Guard. She died in the woods beside her son Basilio.

Basilio’s younger brother

An unnamed boy who disappeared while serving as a sacristan in a convent.

the young Spaniard

An unnamed Spanish man chosen by Padre Damaso to marry Maria Clara after Ibarra’s engagement was broken.

the girl friend

An unnamed friend of Maria Clara who secretly administered medicine sent by Ibarra when Maria Clara was ill.

the captain

The elderly, kindly captain of the steamer Tabo, an experienced sailor who carefully navigates the Pasig and recalls Ibarra’s pursuit.

the helmsmen

Unnamed Indigenous steamer crew members who steer and help maneuver the Tabo through the river.

the sailors

Unnamed Indigenous members of the Tabo’s crew who use poles to help maneuver the steamer.

the Dominican

An unnamed, handsome Dominican friar who listens to the upper-deck discussion and quietly notes that the people have rebelled before.

the young friar

Also known as the young friar with the countenance of an artilleryman

An unnamed young friar who argues with Ben-Zayb about river and port works.

the five sailors

Unnamed crewmen who use long bamboo poles to help steer the Tabo around river obstacles.

the steamer Tabo

Also known as the Tabo · the Ship of State

A slow, heavily built steamer carrying passengers up the Pasig. The narrator humorously compares it to the country’s Ship of State.

the students

Also known as the youths

A group of young passengers, mostly students, traveling for vacation; several are involved in plans for a Castilian academy.

the young schoolgirl

An unnamed young passenger whom some students approach flirtatiously.

the buyera

An unnamed young woman selling goods aboard the steamer, wearing sampaguita flowers and a collar.

Padre Florentino’s mother

A devout, strong-willed woman who compelled her son Florentino to become a priest and left him her fortune.

Padre Florentino’s former beloved

An unnamed woman whom Florentino loved; she married another man shortly before his ordination. She is rumored to have been Isagani’s mother.

Isagani’s biological mother

An unnamed Manila cousin of Padre Florentino, identified by some as Isagani’s mother.

Doña Jeronima

Also known as Doña Jeronima

A legendary woman who came disguised as a man to demand that the Archbishop of Manila fulfill a marriage promise. She lived and died in a cave by the river.

Saint Nicholas

Also known as St. Nicholas

The saint invoked in a legend by a Chinese man threatened by a devil in the form of a cayman; the cayman was said to have turned to stone.

the Chinese man

Also known as the infidel Chinaman

An unnamed man in Padre Salvi’s legend who refused conversion until he invoked Saint Nicholas when a cayman attacked his boat.

the devil

A personified being in Padre Salvi’s legend, appearing as a cayman to attack the Chinese man.

Ibarra’s father

A wealthy landowner who died in prison after a quarrel with Padre Damaso.

Cabesang Tales’s wife

The wife of Cabesang Tales, who died of malaria while helping clear the family’s land.

Lucia

The eldest daughter of Cabesang Tales, who died of malaria while the family cleared its land.

the friar’s hireling

An unnamed man chosen by the friar-administrator to take over Cabesang Tales’s land, but who is afraid to do so.

Governor M——

A colonial governor who visits Cabesang Tales to pressure him over the land dispute.

the local judges

Unnamed judges who decide the land case in favor of the friars, fearing the consequences of ruling against them.

the rustic messenger

An unnamed villager sent by the outlaws to deliver their ransom demand for Cabesang Tales.

the pious woman

An unnamed wealthy woman who lends Juli money for Cabesang Tales’s ransom on condition that Juli serve in her household.

the nun

An unnamed daughter of Capitan Tiago who gave a diamond-and-emerald locket to a leper.

the leper

An unnamed leper who received a locket from Capitan Tiago’s daughter and gave it to Basilio in return for medical treatment.

the outlaws

Also known as tulisanes

A band of armed outlaws who abduct Cabesang Tales and demand a ransom.