The three musketeers

Milady

Also known as The lady with the red cushion · Milady Clarik · Anne de Breuil · Lady Clarik · Charlotte Backson · Comtesse de la Fère · Milady de Winter · Baroness of Sheffield · the Comtesse de Winter · the countess

A ruthless agent of Richelieu and Athos’s former wife, branded with a fleur-de-lis. After being tried for her crimes, she escapes the executioner on the far bank of the Lys but is killed by his sword and her body is thrown into the river.

Lord de Winter

Also known as Baron Sheffield · the Englishman

An English nobleman and Milady’s brother-in-law. He pardons her for poisoning his brother, Buckingham’s assassination, Felton’s death, and attempts on his own life before her execution.

D’Artagnan

Also known as M. d’Artagnan the younger · the young D’Artagnan

A young Gascon Musketeer, close to Athos, Porthos, and Aramis. After Milady’s execution, Richelieu grants him a blank lieutenant’s commission, which his friends urge him to keep; he later becomes a lieutenant and then fights Rochefort three times.

The executioner of Lille

Also known as the man in the red cloak · the masked man · the tall man in the red cloak · the unknown

The executioner who branded Milady and her accomplice. He carries out Milady’s sentence on the bank of the Lys, throws her body into the river, and refuses Athos’s payment for the execution.

The four Musketeers

Also known as Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and D’Artagnan

Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and D’Artagnan, close friends who have Milady tried and executed. They return to Paris, later escort D’Artagnan to Richelieu, and each declines the lieutenant’s commission that Richelieu gives him.

M. de Tréville

Also known as M. de Troisville · Monsieur de Tréville · Tréville

Captain of the king’s Musketeers and a trusted contact of Queen Anne. The four Musketeers visit him after returning to Paris.

The narrator

Also known as the author-narrator

The first-person narrator of the story, who recounts D’Artagnan’s adventures and comments on the characters and events.

Queen Anne of Austria

Also known as Anne of Austria · the queen · her Majesty · Anne

Queen of France and Buckingham’s beloved. She initially refuses to believe news of his death, then receives his dying gift from Laporte.

Monsieur Laporte

Also known as Laporte

The queen’s confidential valet and Madame Bonacieux’s godfather. Detained in England under Charles I’s orders, he eventually brings Anne Buckingham’s dying gift.

King Charles I

Also known as the King of England · the English king

King of England and Buckingham’s sovereign. His orders detain Laporte in England after Buckingham’s assassination.

Louis XIII

Also known as the king · his Majesty · the young one

King of France, who returns to La Rochelle after Buckingham’s assassination. He rejoices at the duke’s death but soon grows gloomy under Richelieu’s influence.

Athos

Also known as Comte de la Fère

A noble and reserved Musketeer, Milady’s former husband, and D’Artagnan’s close friend. He leads the pursuit and trial of Milady, refuses D’Artagnan’s offer of the lieutenant’s commission, and remains in service under D’Artagnan until 1633.

Porthos

A tall, imposing Musketeer and friend of Athos, Aramis, and D’Artagnan. He declines D’Artagnan’s offer of the lieutenant’s commission because he plans to marry Madame Coquenard after her husband’s death; he later leaves the service.

Aramis

A mild-mannered Musketeer who studies theology and considers entering the Church. He declines D’Artagnan’s offer of the lieutenant’s commission, later retires to a convent, and becomes a lay brother.

Comte de Rochefort

Also known as Rochefort · the cardinal’s âme damnée · the chevalier · George

An agent of Cardinal Richelieu who arrests D’Artagnan on the cardinal’s orders. He later fights D’Artagnan three times, becomes his friend, and helps Planchet obtain a sergeant’s rank.

Cardinal Richelieu

Also known as Armand Duplessis · the cardinal · the Red Duke · his Eminence · Armand Jean Duplessis · Cardinal de Richelieu · Monsieur Cardinal

The powerful cardinal and chief minister of France. After hearing D’Artagnan’s account of Milady’s crimes and death, he tears up his earlier pardon and gives D’Artagnan a blank lieutenant’s commission, receiving him among his friends.

The king of the kings

Also known as God

The divine being to whom Aramis considers consecrating his life; D’Artagnan invokes him teasingly when Aramis’s religious resolve falters.

Milady’s second husband

Also known as the younger brother of Lord de Winter · Milady’s late husband

Lord de Winter’s younger brother, whom Milady poisoned. His death makes Porthos’s planned marriage to Madame Coquenard possible.

John Felton

Also known as Mr. Felton · the English officer who escorts Milady · the young lieutenant · the young officer

A young English lieutenant and Lord de Winter’s subordinate, manipulated by Milady into killing Buckingham. Lord de Winter pardons Milady for Felton’s death.

The Duke of Buckingham

Also known as Buckingham · the Duke · George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham · George Villiers

An English duke and minister to Charles I, secretly loved by Queen Anne. Milady arranged his assassination through Felton; after his death, Laporte brings his dying gift to the queen.

The four lackeys of the Musketeers

Also known as the lackeys

The valets of Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and D’Artagnan. The friends travel with them during the pursuit of Milady.

Planchet

Also known as Master Planchet

D’Artagnan’s resourceful Picard valet. He later obtains the rank of sergeant in the Piedmont regiment through Rochefort.

Mousqueton

Also known as Boniface

Porthos’s Norman valet, originally named Boniface. He later enjoys his long-desired role of standing behind a gilded carriage.

Bazin

Aramis’s mild and faithful valet. He later becomes a lay brother.

Grimaud

Athos’s taciturn valet, trained to obey gestures. He follows Athos after his master leaves the Musketeers.

Madame Coquenard

Also known as the duchess · the procurator’s wife

A wealthy, older woman devoted to Porthos, whom he calls his duchess. After her husband’s death she marries Porthos; her coffer contains eight hundred thousand livres.

The procurator of the Châtelet

Also known as Madame Coquenard’s husband · Monsieur Coquenard · M. Coquenard

Madame Coquenard’s miserly husband, whom the passage calls her cousin. His death allows Porthos to marry her.

The four judges of Milady

Also known as D’Artagnan, Lord de Winter, Porthos, and Aramis

The men who hear the accusations against Milady and pronounce her death sentence, with Athos presiding.

The abbess of the Carmelite convent at Béthune

Also known as the superior · the good superior · the superior of the convent at Béthune · the abbess

The head of the Carmelite convent at Béthune, where Milady and Constance Bonacieux are staying. She introduces them, allows them to dine together, and later arranges Constance’s burial.

Madame Bonacieux

Also known as Mme. Bonacieux · the mercer’s wife · Constance Bonacieux · Constance · the novice

A young seamstress to Queen Anne, devoted to the queen and loved by D’Artagnan. Milady deceives her into trusting her, then poisons her; she dies in D’Artagnan’s arms.

The woman who was the old servant of Milady’s second husband

Also known as the austere Puritan

An unnamed servant of Milady’s second husband who taught Milady Puritan prayers.

Madame de Chevreuse

Also known as the Duchesse de Chevreuse

A duchess and ally of Queen Anne, involved in secret political dealings. A letter purportedly from her leads Constance to expect D’Artagnan, but Milady claims the letter is forged.

The cardinal’s emissary killed by Rochefort

Also known as the messenger from the cardinal · the emissary

An unnamed messenger carrying papers and orders from the cardinal to Milady. Rochefort kills him on the road and takes his papers to impersonate the cardinal’s messenger.

Rochefort’s lackey

Also known as the lackey · the wounded courier · the wounded servant

An unnamed servant of Rochefort who accompanies the carriage arranged for Milady. Wounded during the journey, he is left behind at Festubert; Milady later uses him to help deceive Constance and plan an escape.

Milady’s accomplice, the young priest

Also known as the young priest · the executioner’s brother · the curate

An unnamed priest who had an affair with Milady when she was a nun and stole sacred vessels to fund their escape. After being branded and imprisoned, he escaped, lived with Milady in Berry as her supposed brother, and later hanged himself in prison.

The lord of the estate in Berry

Also known as the lord of the estate

An unnamed nobleman who fell in love with Milady while she was living in Berry as the young priest’s supposed sister. He married her, becoming Athos, Comte de la Fère.

The woman who was the victim of Milady’s alleged first husband

Also known as Charlotte Backson

The young woman in Milady’s account who was drugged, imprisoned, assaulted, and branded by her alleged persecutor. This passage identifies Charlotte Backson as Milady’s name before she was called Comtesse de la Fère; her earlier account of persecution remains unverified.

The four friends’ messenger candidates

Also known as Grimaud, Mousqueton, Bazin, and Planchet

The four valets who serve Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and D’Artagnan. Athos sends them by separate routes to locate Milady, then assigns them to watch the entrances to her refuge.

The cardinal’s two replacement studs

An unnamed pair of diamond studs Richelieu gives Louis XIII, who offers them to Anne of Austria as though they were the two missing originals.

The four lackeys

Also known as the lackeys

Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and D’Artagnan’s valets. They guard the entrances during Milady’s trial and accompany the party afterward.

The mendicant who guides Athos

Also known as the mendicant

An unnamed beggar whom Athos pays to guide him to the isolated house where the executioner of Lille lives.

The first passerby Athos questions

Also known as the belated passenger

An unnamed late-night passerby who recoils in fear when Athos questions him and points him toward a street.

The night watchman Athos questions

Also known as the night watch

An unnamed watchman who points Athos toward the road he seeks but refuses to accompany him.

The unnamed postillion

Also known as the postillion

An unnamed driver who takes Milady from Fromelles toward Armentières and provides Planchet with information about her route.

The host at the Post in Armentières

Also known as the master of the hôtel · the tavern keeper

An unnamed innkeeper at the Post in Armentières. Milady rents a room there, and Planchet learns of her arrival from the people at the inn.

The executioner’s brother

Also known as the young priest · Milady’s accomplice

An unnamed priest and Milady’s former lover. He stole sacred vessels to fund their escape, was branded by his brother the executioner, later lived with Milady in Berry, and eventually hanged himself in prison.

The two lackeys who guard Milady

Also known as the two lackeys · Grimaud and Mousqueton

Grimaud and Mousqueton, sent to escort Milady after her condemnation. Athos replaces them with Planchet and Bazin when Milady tries to bribe them.

The priests at Constance’s burial

Also known as the priests

Unidentified clergy who conduct the burial service for Constance Bonacieux at the convent.

The nuns at the Carmelite convent

Also known as the nuns · the community of the Carmelites

The convent’s unnamed religious community, who attend Constance’s funeral service and care for her body.

The novice who was Milady’s accomplice

Also known as the young nun

Milady, who was a nun at the Benedictines’ convent of Templemar before seducing the young priest, her later accomplice.

The alleged first husband who imprisoned Milady

Also known as Milady’s first husband · her enemy · her persecutor

An unnamed man whom Milady tells Felton drugged and confined her, assaulted her, and branded her with a fleur-de-lis. She identifies him as Buckingham, but her account is presented as a tale used to manipulate Felton, and its truth is not established.

The woman of the neighbourhood assigned to Milady

Also known as the woman sent for

An unnamed local woman brought to attend Milady during her imprisonment. She watches Milady through the night after Milady stages a self-inflicted wound.

The soldier on duty outside Milady’s room

Also known as the sentinel

An unnamed guard assigned to watch Milady’s door. He calls the sergeant after hearing Felton inside and finding the door locked.

The sergeant commanding a watch-patrol

Also known as the sergeant

An unnamed sergeant who answers the sentinel’s call and finds Felton at Milady’s door. He is later given orders to shoot Milady if she speaks before boarding the ship.

The woman who was Milady’s maid

Also known as the soubrette · Kitty

A pretty, lively young servant in Milady’s household who carried messages between Milady and the Comte de Wardes and helped D’Artagnan impersonate the count. After fleeing Milady’s wrath, she is placed in a convent at Béthune under the name Kitty; Milady recognizes the name and seeks her out.

Buckingham’s secretary

Also known as Mr. Jackson · the secretary

Buckingham’s secretary, who receives the duke’s orders to impose an embargo on ships leaving British ports.

The two men assigned to escort Milady

Also known as the two men who were to conduct Milady

Unnamed men tasked by Richelieu with escorting Milady to Fort La Pointe and seeing her safely aboard a ship to England.

The captain of the vessel at Calais

Also known as the shipmaster

An unnamed captain whose ship is ready to sail from Calais to England. He checks D’Artagnan’s countersigned pass and carries him and Planchet across the Channel.

The confidential valet of the Duke of Buckingham

Also known as Patrick

Buckingham’s trusted valet, who speaks French and guides D’Artagnan to the duke. He admits Felton to Buckingham, witnesses the stabbing, and remains with the wounded duke.

The captain of the vessel at Dover

Also known as the captain

An unnamed ship captain who tells Comte de Wardes that a cardinal’s order bars passengers from sailing without express permission.

The queen’s clever contact in Tours

Also known as the clever person at Tours · Marie Michon · Mlle. Michon

Marie Michon, a seamstress in Tours and Aramis’s cousin, who serves as a discreet contact for the queen’s circle. She sends Aramis the queen’s authorization to remove Madame Bonacieux from the convent at Béthune.

The unnamed sister of Marie Michon

Also known as Marie Michon’s sister

An unnamed woman in Tours who is Marie Michon’s sister and a trusted contact of the queen. She provides the authorization for Madame Bonacieux to leave the convent at Béthune.

Judith

A biblical heroine whom Milady compares herself to as she describes her attempted revenge on her alleged persecutor.

The four men assigned to row Milady and Felton

Also known as the four men

Unnamed boatmen who row Felton and Milady from the shore to the hired sloop during her escape.

The captain of the sloop hired by Felton

Also known as Jack Butler · the captain

A ship captain who agrees to take Milady safely to France and land Felton at a small bay near Portsmouth. He has been paid to carry her to Boulogne.

The patrol beneath the castle wall

Also known as the patrol

Unidentified guards who make their rounds below Milady’s window while Felton lowers her on a rope ladder. They pass without discovering the fugitives.

The Duke’s surgeon

Also known as the surgeon

An unnamed physician summoned from the admiral’s ship after Buckingham is stabbed. He examines the duke and declares him dead.

The unknown man who arrives at the Admiralty

Also known as the dusty traveler

An unnamed man who arrives at Buckingham’s palace at the same time as Felton and urgently seeks a private audience with the duke. He enters the chamber after Felton stabs Buckingham; his identity is not revealed here.

The deputies from La Rochelle

Also known as the deputies

Unnamed representatives from La Rochelle waiting at Buckingham’s palace. They enter the duke’s chamber after he is stabbed.

The Prince de Soubise

Also known as the Prince of Soubise

A nobleman who heads the deputies from La Rochelle waiting at Buckingham’s palace.

The old governor of the port at Boulogne

Also known as the governor of the port

An unnamed, affable official at Boulogne who lets Milady pass through the usual formalities and kisses her hand.

The woman Buckingham loved

Also known as the queen · Anne

Queen Anne of Austria, whom Buckingham loves. She writes to him urging him to stop his preparations for war and sends Laporte with a warning that an assassination is planned.

The ambassadors of Denmark

Also known as the Danish ambassadors

Unnamed Danish envoys who have taken their leave but are detained in England under Charles I’s order closing the ports.

The ambassador of Holland

Also known as the regular ambassador of Holland

An unnamed Dutch envoy who is detained in England while preparing to return Indian merchantmen to Flushing.

The Prince of Condé

Also known as Monsieur de Condé

A nobleman previously suggested by Richelieu as a possible commander for the siege of La Rochelle.

The sixteen Musketeers who welcome the king’s delay

Also known as sixteen of the twenty Musketeers

Unnamed members of the king’s escort who welcome his frequent stops to hunt magpies on the journey to Paris.

The four Musketeers impatient with the king’s delays

Also known as the other four

Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and D’Artagnan, who are eager to reach Paris and then Béthune while Madame Bonacieux may be in danger from Milady.

The stranger riding toward Paris from Arras

Also known as the horseman

An unnamed rider whom D’Artagnan recognizes as Rochefort, the cardinal’s agent and his recurring enemy. He drops a paper with the name Armentières written in a woman’s hand.

The hostler at the inn in Arras

Also known as the hostler

An unnamed stable worker who retrieves the paper dropped by the fleeing horseman and sells it to D’Artagnan for half a pistole.

The queen’s reader

Also known as the reader

An unnamed woman among the queen’s attendants who reads aloud while Anne of Austria feigns attention.

Madame d’Aiguillon

Also known as Mme. d’Aguillon

The cardinal’s mistress, mentioned as one of several women with whom Richelieu is said to have had affairs.

Marion de Lorme

A woman whom Milady names among the cardinal’s alleged lovers.

The English captain at Fort La Pointe

Also known as the captain on the small vessel

An unnamed captain loyal to Richelieu who waits with an English-crewed vessel to take Milady to England.

The Puritan preachers

Also known as the preachers

Unidentified preachers who denounce Buckingham as the Antichrist, according to Richelieu.

The soldier who reports Milady’s faint

Also known as the soldier who approached Milady

An unnamed guard who notices Milady has not fainted as Felton first supposes and reports this to him. He later stands sentinel outside her room.

The Cardinal’s rival, the King of England

Also known as King Charles I

The English king and Buckingham’s sovereign, mentioned as the head of the English force opposing France.

The woman Buckingham has been unfaithful to

Also known as the woman who would avenge herself on Buckingham

An unnamed young, clever woman whom Richelieu imagines recruiting to help a fanatic assassinate Buckingham. Milady says such a woman can be found.

The fanatic who might assassinate Buckingham

Also known as the miserable fanatic

An unnamed religious zealot whom Richelieu and Milady contemplate using as an instrument to kill Buckingham.

D’Artagnan’s three fellow Musketeers

Also known as Athos, Porthos, and Aramis · the three friends

Athos, Porthos, and Aramis, who help D’Artagnan plan warnings to Lord de Winter and the queen. They wait anxiously for Planchet’s return and later face Richelieu together.

M. de Busigny

Also known as the light-horseman · Monsieur de Busigny

A light-horseman at the Parpaillot inn who accepts Athos’s wager that the four friends will breakfast in the bastion of St. Gervais and hold it for an hour. He later becomes Athos’s companion at cards and has given the friends a fine dinner.

The dragoon at the Parpaillot

Also known as the dragoon

An unnamed dragoon who joins the wager against Athos and later congratulates the friends on their exploit. He jokes with Aramis and the Swiss while Aramis reads a letter from Marie Michon.

The Swiss at the Parpaillot

Also known as the Swiss

An unnamed Swiss soldier who joins the wager against Athos and later congratulates the friends. He teases Aramis about the supposed seamstress who wrote to him.

The woman who wrote to Aramis

Also known as Aramis’s mistress

An unnamed woman who has been forced to return to Tours with Madame de Chevreuse. Earlier, she sent Aramis a loving letter and money; the new passage distinguishes her from Marie Michon, Aramis’s cousin and correspondent.

The two monks who advise the penitent

Also known as the superior · the monks

The superior of the convent advises the future chancellor to ring a bell when beset by temptation, prompting the rest of the monks to pray. The narrative also describes the community repeatedly answering the bell.

The cardinal’s captain of the Guards

Also known as La Houdinière · The captain of the Guards who signed Richelieu’s summons

Richelieu’s captain of the Guards, sent to learn why the camp is in an uproar after the friends’ exploit. He accompanies the cardinal on a walk along the shore and witnesses the confrontation with the Musketeers.

The cardinal’s Guards

Also known as the Guards of the cardinal

The cardinal’s elite guards, who previously fought the king’s Musketeers. Milady cites D’Artagnan’s role in one encounter as a reason Richelieu should fear him.

The king’s Musketeers

Also known as the Musketeers

The king’s military company, including Athos, Porthos, and Aramis. Their fight with the cardinal’s Guards is among the past events Milady cites when describing D’Artagnan as a threat.

The unnamed servant in the convent

Also known as the little servant · the poor child

An unnamed young woman placed by Marie Michon’s sister in a convent of the Carmelites at Béthune. The friends recognize her from Marie Michon’s letter as Madame Bonacieux.

Nestor

A legendary Greek figure whom Athos invokes as a model of wisdom when he proposes how to divide the money for the messengers.

Sixtus the Fifth

Also known as Sixtus V

A pope whom Aramis cites as an example of someone who rose from humble beginnings, to explain Bazin’s ambitions.

Louis XI

A former king of France whose maxim, “Divide in order to reign,” is recalled by the narrator as Richelieu’s political predecessor.

Tristan

A figure associated with Louis XI whose maxim is invoked by the narrator while describing Richelieu’s strategy.

Robespierre

A later political figure whom the narrator names as Richelieu’s successor in a line of political predecessors.

The mayor of La Rochelle

Also known as the mayor

An unnamed mayor who hangs inhabitants of La Rochelle who mutiny in favor of surrender, thereby quieting opposition.

The inhabitants of La Rochelle who mutiny

Also known as the mutineers

Unidentified inhabitants who favor surrender because of the city’s hunger. The mayor has them hanged.

The three lackeys of the Musketeers

Also known as the lackeys

The Musketeers’ valets, who accompany them on the beach while the four friends read a letter and drink wine.

The cardinal’s esquire

Also known as the esquire

An unnamed attendant who accompanies Richelieu on horseback and helps escort him back to camp. Athos tells him that a vanguard is needed on the road.

The host of the Red Dovecot

Also known as the host

An unnamed innkeeper who lets Richelieu’s party wait in a ground-floor room while the cardinal visits Milady. He gives the friends Anjou wine instead of the champagne they ordered.

The cloaked messenger at the inn

Also known as the man enveloped in a cloak

An unnamed man who comes out of the Red Dovecot to exchange a few words with Richelieu, then rides toward Surgères and Paris.

Comte de Wardes

Also known as The Comte de Wardes

A young cardinal-aligned nobleman whom D’Artagnan wounded in a duel. Milady tells Richelieu that D’Artagnan gave Wardes three serious wounds.

Montague

Also known as the cardinal’s messenger Montague · the envoy of the Duke of Buckingham

Buckingham’s captured envoy, held in the Bastille. Richelieu plans to use the threat of torture to extract information from him.

Bois-Robert

A man whose report, together with the Marquis de Beautru’s, records Buckingham’s visit to the queen at Madame the Constable’s masked ball.

The Marquis de Beautru

A man whose report, together with Bois-Robert’s, records Buckingham’s visit to the queen at Madame the Constable’s masked ball.

Madame the Constable

A woman who gave a masked ball at which Buckingham met Queen Anne in disguise.

The Chevalier de Guise

A nobleman who was originally meant to wear the Great Mogul costume that Buckingham wore to Madame the Constable’s masked ball.

Jacques Clément

A historical assassin whom Milady and Richelieu invoke as an example of a fanatic who killed a ruler.

Ravaillac

The assassin who killed King Henry IV in 1610; Richelieu cites the assassination as a political event that could change the course of a war.

King Henry IV

Also known as Henry IV · the great Henry · the Béarnais

Former king of France, assassinated in 1610 by Ravaillac. Richelieu recalls his planned invasion of Flanders and Italy as an example of a war altered by a sudden event.

The Emperor of Austria

The ruler whom Henry IV planned to attack from Flanders and Italy. Richelieu invokes the event that saved Austria as a parallel for France’s current conflict.

The fourth bettor at the Parpaillot

Also known as the fourth auditor

An unnamed man at the Parpaillot who silently agrees to the wager made by Athos and the other bettors.

The soldiers and pioneers sent against the bastion

Also known as the first troop

A troop of pioneers and soldiers sent to repair the bastion of St. Gervais. They attack the four friends, who drive them off.

The brigadier sent against the bastion

Also known as the brigadier

An unnamed brigadier who leads the first troop sent against the bastion of St. Gervais and is killed in the fighting.

The Rochellais

Also known as the defenders of La Rochelle

The defenders of La Rochelle, who repeatedly attack the four friends at the bastion of St. Gervais and suffer heavy losses.

The soldiers of the garrison who attack the bastion

Also known as the second troop

A troop of roughly twenty to twenty-five Rochellais soldiers who assault the bastion after the pioneers are driven off. The four friends and Grimaud repel them by bringing down a section of the wall.

M. Dessessart

Also known as D’Artagnan’s captain · Monsieur Dessessart

Captain of D’Artagnan’s former company of the king’s Guards. He offers D’Artagnan help with the cost of his new equipment and arranges to have his diamond valued.

The queen’s diamond

Also known as D’Artagnan’s diamond

A diamond given by Queen Anne to D’Artagnan, which the friends decide to sell to pay for their messengers. It brings seven thousand livres.

The publisher who bought Aramis’s poem

Also known as the publisher

An unnamed publisher whose generous payment for Aramis’s poem enables Aramis to buy duplicate equipment.

The cardinal’s spies

Also known as the spies

Unidentified informants who report the movements and conversations of people in the camp to Richelieu.

The French soldiers killed at St. Gervais

Also known as the French dead

Unnamed French soldiers killed in the earlier attack on the bastion of St. Gervais. Their weapons and ammunition are collected by the four friends.

The Rochellais killed at St. Gervais

Also known as the Rochellais dead

Unnamed defenders killed in the earlier fighting at the bastion of St. Gervais. Their bodies and weapons are used by the four friends during their defense.

The sentinels at the camp

Also known as the sentinels

Unidentified guards who receive the watchword from the returning Musketeers.

The unknown giver of Aramis’s horse

Also known as the mysterious benefactress · Aramis’s unknown benefactor

An unidentified person who has a groom deliver a horse to Aramis without revealing their identity. D’Artagnan and Athos speculate that the giver may be a woman.

The groom who delivers Aramis’s horse

Also known as the groom out of livery

An unnamed groom who brings Aramis a horse on the orders of an unidentified master or mistress and refuses to say who sent it.

The cardinal’s usher

Also known as the usher on duty · the usher

An unnamed palace attendant who takes D’Artagnan’s letter, leads him through the Palais-Cardinal, and introduces him to Richelieu.

The cardinal’s Guards in the waiting room

Also known as the five or six Guards

Unidentified Guards of Richelieu who recognize D’Artagnan and watch him with knowing smiles while he waits at the Palais-Cardinal.

The cardinal’s attendant on horseback

Also known as the attendant

An unnamed rider accompanying Richelieu on a night patrol. The cardinal quietly orders him to have Athos, Porthos, and Aramis follow them.

The twelve invited Musketeers

Also known as the twelve Musketeers

Musketeers who gather at the Place du Palais-Cardinal to support D’Artagnan. Athos divides them into three groups to watch the palace entrances.

The two Guardsmen at D’Artagnan’s dinner

Also known as the two Guards

Two unnamed members of D’Artagnan’s company who accept his invitation to dinner. They leave when the poisoned wine kills Brisemont.

Fourreau

Also known as the lackey of one of D’Artagnan’s guests

A lackey helping Planchet prepare D’Artagnan’s dinner. He steps away just before the poisoned wine is served and later helps tend Brisemont.

Brisemont

Also known as the convalescent · the false soldier · the wounded assassin

A soldier hired by Milady to help assassinate D’Artagnan, who survives their encounter and enters D’Artagnan’s service. He dies after drinking poisoned wine intended for D’Artagnan.

The soldier killed in the La Rochelle ambush

Also known as Brisemont’s accomplice · the second soldier

An unnamed soldier hired by Milady with Brisemont to kill D’Artagnan. D’Artagnan uses his body as a shield while retrieving Milady’s letter from his pocket.

The two men who watch D’Artagnan leave Paris

Also known as the ill-looking men

Two unidentified men whom Milady signals to follow D’Artagnan’s company as it leaves Paris. A servant has horses waiting for them.

The man seated at the desk in the Palais-Cardinal

Also known as the poet

Cardinal Richelieu, whom D’Artagnan recognizes while he is writing and correcting his tragedy, “Mirame.”

The Duc d’Orléans

Also known as Monsieur · the king’s brother

The king’s brother and a lieutenant general who visits the posts at the siege camp and seeks volunteers for a dangerous reconnaissance mission.

The two soldiers who betray D’Artagnan

Also known as the two Guardsmen who accompany D’Artagnan

Two unnamed soldiers who volunteer for D’Artagnan’s reconnaissance mission but disappear and try to kill him, hoping to make his death appear to be the enemy’s work. One is killed by the Rochellais; the other is wounded and confesses to Milady’s plot.

The Guardsman killed during the reconnaissance

Also known as D’Artagnan’s fallen companion

An unnamed Guardsman who accompanies D’Artagnan on a reconnaissance mission and is killed by a shot from the bastion.

The surviving Guardsman on the reconnaissance

Also known as the other Guardsman

An unnamed Guardsman who accompanies D’Artagnan, escapes the initial fire, and returns to camp to report that his companions have fallen.

Milady’s wounded assassin

Also known as the wounded soldier · the surviving assassin

An unnamed soldier whom Milady pays to kill D’Artagnan. After his accomplice is killed, he is wounded by D’Artagnan and confesses that Milady also ordered them to seize a young woman, later identified as Madame Bonacieux.

The king’s household

Also known as the household

Unidentified members of Louis XIII’s household who accompany him when he arrives at the siege camp.

Godeau

Also known as the purveyor of the Musketeers

The purveyor of the Musketeers, whose name appears on a forged letter that accompanies poisoned Anjou wine sent to D’Artagnan.

The letter’s supposed author

Also known as the false Godeau

An unidentified person who forges a letter in Godeau’s name, claiming that Athos, Porthos, and Aramis sent wine to D’Artagnan.

The host of the camp refreshment room

Also known as the host

An unnamed innkeeper who gives D’Artagnan and his friends another room after the poisoned wine kills Brisemont.

The king’s attendants

Also known as the ladies at the fête

This alias refers to Queen Anne’s ladies in the earlier passage; they are not individually identified in this passage.

The wounded Brisemont’s accomplice

Also known as the soldier who fled toward the bastion

An unnamed soldier who tries to flee toward the Rochellais after his attempted attack on D’Artagnan fails. The defenders shoot him, breaking his shoulder.

The Duc d’Angoulême

Also known as the duke

A French nobleman whom the king appoints lieutenant general and who commands a sector of the army at La Rochelle. He also disputes command with Marshals Bassompierre and Schomberg.

Bassompierre

Also known as M. de Bassompierre · M. de Bassopierre

A marshal of France and Protestant nobleman who commands a sector of the army at La Rochelle. He jokes that the French will be foolish enough to take the city.

Schomberg

Also known as M. de Schomberg

A marshal of France who claims command of the army under the king and receives a separate command at the siege of La Rochelle.

The Comte de Toiras

Also known as M. de Toiras

The king’s commander on the Isle of Ré, who retreats into the citadel of St. Martin after Buckingham’s landing and later reports preparations for another English assault.

The Baron de Chantal

Also known as Baron de Chantal

A baron who dies in the fighting on the Isle of Ré, leaving an eighteen-month-old daughter who later becomes Madame de Sévigné.

Madame de Sévigné

Also known as the Baron de Chantal’s daughter

The orphaned daughter of the Baron de Chantal, who is said to have become Madame de Sévigné.

Joan of Arc

Also known as Joan of Arc

A historical figure whom the narrator invokes when describing the cardinal’s aim of closing La Rochelle’s port to England.

The Duc de Guise

Also known as the Duke of Guise

A historical French commander mentioned alongside Joan of Arc as part of the effort to exclude England from French ports.

Schomberg’s rival, the Duc d’Angoulême

Also known as Duc d’Angoulême

This alias refers to the Duc d’Angoulême already identified above.

The Count of Monsieur’s rival commanders

Also known as Bassompierre and Schomberg

This alias refers to Bassompierre and Schomberg, already identified above.

The Duke of Buckingham’s envoy

Also known as the captured envoy

This is Montague, Buckingham’s captured envoy.

The woman who is Milady’s maid

Also known as the soubrette · Kitty

A pretty, lively young servant in Milady’s household who carries messages between Milady and the Comte de Wardes. She helps D’Artagnan impersonate the count, then flees Milady’s wrath and is placed by Aramis with a provincial lady; she remains devoted to D’Artagnan.

The mendicant who brings Aramis’s letter

Also known as the count and grandee of Spain · the bearer

A short, intelligent-eyed man dressed in rags who brings Aramis a letter and 150 Spanish double pistoles from his mistress. The letter reveals that he is a Spanish count and grandee in disguise.

The procurator’s errand boy

Also known as the errand boy

An unnamed boy employed by the procurator, sent to find out to whom the horse and mule tied to the door belong.

The horse dealer indebted to the procurator’s office

Also known as the horsedealer

An unnamed client who owes money to the procurator’s office and supplies Madame Coquenard with the inferior horse and mule she gives to Porthos.

The Jew who lends on Athos’s ring

Also known as the Jew

An unnamed moneylender who advances 300 pistoles on Athos’s sapphire and offers 500 pistoles to buy it outright.

The servant who admits D’Artagnan to Milady

Also known as one of the servants

An unnamed servant at Milady’s residence who announces D’Artagnan and admits him when ordered.

The servant who brings sherbet

Also known as Kitty

Kitty, Milady’s maid, who brings sherbet during D’Artagnan’s visit.

The servant who announces D’Artagnan

Also known as the servant

An unnamed servant at Milady’s residence who runs to announce D’Artagnan when he arrives.

The woman who sent D’Artagnan the unsigned note

Also known as the woman in the carriage

An unnamed woman who sends D’Artagnan a secret message asking him to watch the carriages on the road to Chaillot and not reveal that he recognizes her. Her identity is not established in this passage.

Madame de Bois-Tracy

A woman whom Aramis is said to court and whose embroidered handkerchief becomes the subject of a dispute. She is identified as Bois-Tracy’s wife and a cousin of Madame de Chevreuse; she asks Aramis to find a trustworthy maid for a friend in the provinces.

The procurator’s servant

Also known as the procurator’s lackey

An unnamed servant at the procurator’s house who is sent to investigate the horse and mule left at the door.

The servants at Milady’s residence

Also known as the lackeys

Unidentified servants who answer Milady’s alarm after D’Artagnan escapes her chamber.

The porter at Milady’s residence

Also known as the porter

An unnamed porter who is about to open the door when Milady calls from her window for him not to do so.

The lady with the black hood

Also known as the procurator’s wife of the Rue aux Ours

Madame Coquenard, whom D’Artagnan recognizes watching Porthos flirt with Milady in church. Her jealousy prompts Porthos to renew his hold over her and secure help for his campaign outfit.

The Negro boy accompanying Milady

Also known as the little Negro

An unnamed attendant who carries Milady’s cushion at church.

Milady’s female servant at church

Also known as the maid-servant

An unnamed attendant who carries Milady’s book bag at church.

The running footman accompanying Milady

Also known as the running footman

An unnamed footman who waits by Milady’s carriage outside the church.

The coachman accompanying Milady

Also known as the coachman

An unnamed coachman in grand livery who waits with Milady’s carriage outside the church.

The woman who was Aramis’s host’s mistress

Also known as the mistress of the house

An unnamed woman whom Aramis visited while he was a seminarian. She praised his verses and was reading them with him when the officer entered; the passage does not establish that she is the woman who later writes to Aramis.

The four Englishmen who duel the Musketeers

Also known as the Englishmen

Four unnamed English gentlemen who meet Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and D’Artagnan behind the Luxembourg for a duel. Athos kills one, Porthos wounds and spares another, Aramis’s opponent flees, and D’Artagnan disarms Lord de Winter.

The Englishman killed by Athos

Also known as Athos’s English adversary

An unnamed English gentleman whom Athos kills with a single sword thrust through the heart during the duel behind the Luxembourg.

The Englishman wounded by Porthos

Also known as Porthos’s English adversary

An unnamed English gentleman whom Porthos wounds in the thigh during their duel and then carries to his carriage.

The Englishman who fights Aramis

Also known as Aramis’s English adversary

An unnamed English gentleman who fights Aramis but eventually runs away amid the lackeys’ jeers.

The goatkeeper

Also known as the goat herder

An unnamed keeper of the goats at the ground behind the Luxembourg. Athos pays him to withdraw before the duel.

Milady’s child

Also known as her son

Milady’s unnamed child, who is the sole heir to Lord de Winter if Lord de Winter does not marry. Milady would have enjoyed the child’s inheritance until the child came of age.

Lord de Winter’s coachman

Also known as the coachman

An unnamed coachman who drives Lord de Winter’s carriage to Milady’s residence.

The three English companions of Lord de Winter

Also known as his three friends

Three unnamed Englishmen whom Lord de Winter says will join him in the duel with D’Artagnan and his companions.

The clerks in the procurator’s office

Also known as the three clerks

Three unnamed clerks employed by the procurator of the Châtelet. They attend the sparse family dinner and leave when the procurator signals that the meal is over.

The young errand clerk

Also known as the little clerk

An unnamed boy of about twelve who works in the procurator’s office. Excluded from the meal, he eats dry bread in the passage.

The maid at the procurator’s house

Also known as the servant

An unnamed servant who serves the sparse dinner at the procurator’s house.

The superior of the Jesuits of Amiens

Also known as the Principal of Amiens · the Jesuit

An unnamed senior Jesuit who discusses Aramis’s theological thesis and urges him to beware of worldly influence as he considers ordination.

The curate of Montdidier

Also known as the curate

An unnamed parish priest who joins the Jesuit superior in discussing Aramis’s thesis and prospective ordination.

Monsieur Voiture

Also known as Voiture

A celebrated man whom Aramis says praised his religious rondeau with a thousand compliments.

Saint Augustine

Also known as Augustine

A theologian whose advice about clerical speech is cited by the Jesuit during his discussion with Aramis.

Monsieur Patru

Also known as Patru

A man whose celebrated legal pleadings are invoked by the Jesuit as a comparison for the likely appeal of Aramis’s thesis.

The officer who threatened Aramis

Also known as the officer

An unnamed officer who found Aramis reading religious verses to his mistress and threatened to cane him if he returned to her house. A year later Aramis challenged and killed him in a duel.

Athos’s former fencing master

Also known as the best fencing master in Paris

An unnamed fencing instructor whom Aramis hired for daily lessons during the year after the officer threatened him.

Athos’s former wife

Also known as the fair lady · the countess · the branded woman

A beautiful young woman whom Athos tells D’Artagnan, while drunk, was his wife in the story of a friend—a count from Berry. Her shoulder bore a fleur-de-lis brand, and the count hanged her after discovering it. Athos later describes the story as a drunken invention, leaving its truth uncertain.

The count from Berry

Also known as Athos’s friend · the nobleman of Berry

A nobleman from Berry in Athos’s drunken tale, who married a beautiful young woman and hanged her after discovering a fleur-de-lis brand on her shoulder. Athos later calls the tale a drunken invention, leaving the count’s identity and the story’s truth uncertain.

The curate who was the branded woman’s brother

Also known as the priest

An unnamed man presented in Athos’s story as the branded woman’s brother and a curate. He leaves his curacy before the count can find him; the count suspects he was actually her lover and accomplice.

The English traveler who bought Athos’s horse

Also known as the Englishman

An unnamed English gentleman staying at the inn in Amiens. He buys Athos’s horse in a dice game, then wagers against D’Artagnan and loses the horse back; he also buys their harnesses for one hundred pistoles.

The English traveler who accompanied the horse buyer

Also known as the Englishman’s companion · the two English gentlemen

An unnamed English gentleman who arrives with the horse buyer and demands access to the inn’s wine cellar, nearly provoking a fight with Athos and D’Artagnan.

The host at the Golden Lily

Also known as the innkeeper at the Golden Lily · the host

An unnamed innkeeper at Amiens who had Athos arrested on a false-money accusation after acting on an authorities’ description of D’Artagnan’s party. He keeps Athos trapped in the cellar until D’Artagnan persuades him to make peace.

The host’s wife at the Golden Lily

Also known as the hostess

An unnamed woman who helps run the inn at Amiens. She and her husband are unable to reach their provisions while Athos occupies the cellar.

The governor of Amiens

Also known as Monsieur the Governor

An unnamed official whom the innkeeper consults after Athos is trapped in the cellar. He denies having issued the arrest order and tells the innkeeper he deserves the consequences of his actions.

The six men sent to reinforce the Golden Lily

Also known as the reinforcement

Unnamed men sent to help the innkeeper arrest the supposed counterfeiters. They carry off one dead man and two wounded men after Athos’s resistance.

The authorities who ordered the arrest at the Golden Lily

Also known as the authorities

Unidentified officials who warn the innkeeper that supposed counterfeiters disguised as Guards or Musketeers will arrive. Their description matches D’Artagnan’s party, leading to Athos’s wrongful arrest.

The man who sold Aramis his horse

Also known as the horse dealer

An unnamed horse dealer who sells Aramis an English horse for sixty louis. Aramis says the dealer duped him, as the horse was worth more than he paid.

The wagoner returning to Paris

Also known as the wagoner

An unnamed driver of an empty market cart returning to Paris. Planchet and Grimaud arrange a ride in exchange for keeping him supplied with drink.

The provincial governor who bought Porthos’s horse

Also known as the governor of the province

An unnamed provincial governor and one of the gentlemen Porthos expected to dine with. He buys Porthos’s horse for eighty louis, though Porthos says it was worth at least a hundred and fifty.

The two guests expected by Porthos

Also known as the gentlemen of the neighborhood

Two unnamed gentlemen from the neighborhood whom Porthos expected to dine with; they send word that they cannot come, leaving the meal for the four Musketeers.

The Englishman who died after being bled

Also known as the Englishman’s former horse

An unnamed Englishman who had been staying at the Amiens inn and whose horse died after bleeding. The surviving English traveler seeks a replacement horse.

Monsieur Créquy

Also known as Créquy

A gentleman at whose house Athos says he once saw an unusually remarkable dice throw.

The two sons of Aymon

Two legendary brothers invoked by Athos as a comparison for D’Artagnan and himself riding together on one horse.

Bucephalus

Also known as D’Artagnan’s horse

The name Athos gives to D’Artagnan’s horse when discussing its harness.

The author of the ancient poetic image

Also known as the ancient poet

An unnamed poet whose words about an image of devastation and death are invoked by the narrator while describing the ruined cellar.

Monsieur Bonacieux

Also known as Bonacieux · the mercer · the citizen · D’Artagnan’s landlord · Jacques Michel Bonacieux

A fifty-one-year-old retired mercer and Madame Bonacieux’s husband, whose cowardice and self-interest outweigh his affection for her. D’Artagnan realizes that he was the short, elderly man who helped lead his wife’s abduction.

The Comte de Rochefort

Also known as Rochefort · the cardinal’s âme damnée

An agent of the cardinal who has become Monsieur Bonacieux’s trusted friend and persuaded him that his wife’s abduction was a political precaution. Tréville calls him a cousin of Comte de Wardes.

The three other Musketeers

Also known as Athos, Porthos, and Aramis

D’Artagnan’s companions, whom he left at different stops on the road: Athos at Amiens, Porthos at Chantilly, and the wounded Aramis at Crèvecœur. He sets out to find them.

The Gascon priest

Also known as the priest

An unnamed priest who previously gave the four friends breakfast during a difficult time. D’Artagnan dines with him before setting out for St. Cloud.

The hostess of the suburban tavern

Also known as the tavern hostess

An unnamed woman who runs a tavern near the Bois de Boulogne. Planchet goes there to get warm while waiting for D’Artagnan.

The boatman at St. Cloud

Also known as the ferryman

An unnamed boatman who tells D’Artagnan that he ferried a young woman in a black mantle to St. Cloud around seven the previous evening.

The old man at the cottage

Also known as the cottage witness

An unnamed, poor elderly man living beside the pavilion at St. Cloud. He secretly witnesses Madame Bonacieux’s abduction and tells D’Artagnan that Monsieur Bonacieux was among the men involved.

The man in the cloak

Also known as the stranger · the man of Meung · the man in the violet doublet · the gentleman of Meung · the unknown gentleman

A scarred agent of the cardinal who abducted Madame Bonacieux. The cottage witness describes him as the tall, dark, mustached leader who organized the abduction at St. Cloud.

The two men who abduct Madame Bonacieux

Also known as the two armed companions

Two unnamed men who accompany the leader of the abduction to the pavilion at St. Cloud. They enter the room, overpower Madame Bonacieux, and carry her to the carriage.

The coachman in the abduction party

Also known as the coachman

An unnamed coachman who waits with the carriage and horses during Madame Bonacieux’s abduction, then drives her away.

The lackey in the abduction party

Also known as the lackey

An unnamed lackey who tends the saddle horses during Madame Bonacieux’s abduction and rides beside the coachman when the party leaves.

The short elderly man in the abduction party

Also known as the short man

A short, stout, elderly man whom the cottage witness sees inspecting the pavilion and later riding away in the carriage with the abducted woman. D’Artagnan recognizes him as Monsieur Bonacieux.

The hostess at Crèvecœur

Also known as the innkeeper’s wife

An unnamed, cheerful woman who runs the inn at Crèvecœur. She tells D’Artagnan that Aramis is still there and is meeting with churchmen while considering ordination.

The host at the Great St. Martin

Also known as the innkeeper at the Great St. Martin

An unnamed innkeeper at Chantilly who explains to D’Artagnan that Porthos is injured, in debt, and waiting for help from the woman he calls his duchess.

The surgeon at Chantilly

Also known as the surgeon

An unnamed surgeon summoned to treat Porthos’s wound. He warns the innkeeper that he will seek payment from him if Porthos does not pay.

The stranger at the Chantilly inn

Also known as the gentleman

An unnamed traveler who fought Porthos at Chantilly and defeated him with a sword thrust to the chest. Porthos pretends that he merely strained his knee.

Pathaud

An unnamed person whose account of Madame Coquenard’s appearance is cited by the Chantilly innkeeper.

Mousqueton’s father

Also known as his father

An unnamed poacher who taught Mousqueton to snare animals and fish. During the religious wars, he robbed lone Catholic and Huguenot travelers by alternately claiming each faith.

Mousqueton’s elder brother

Also known as his brother

An unnamed man whom Mousqueton says their father raised as a Huguenot. He and Mousqueton avenged their father by separately killing the Catholic and Huguenot men who had hanged him.

The Spaniard who traveled to the New World

Also known as the Spaniard

An unnamed traveler who once employed a servant from Mousqueton’s region and had seen the New World.

The Spaniard’s servant

Also known as Mousqueton’s compatriot

An unnamed man from Mousqueton’s region who had traveled to Mexico. He taught Mousqueton how to throw a lasso.

The laborers at the Chantilly cabaret

Also known as the laborers

Unnamed workers drinking at a tavern near St. Cloud. D’Artagnan overhears no useful information from them while waiting for morning.

The servants at the Chantilly cabaret

Also known as the servants

Unidentified tavern patrons mentioned among those drinking with the laborers and carters while D’Artagnan waits for dawn.

The carters at the Chantilly cabaret

Also known as the carters

Unidentified drivers mentioned among the tavern patrons while D’Artagnan waits for dawn.

The host of the Jolly Miller

Also known as the host · the innkeeper

The innkeeper at Meung who has D’Artagnan’s belongings searched, urges him to leave, and suspects the stranger stole his letter.

The hostess of Athos’s lodging

Also known as Athos’s hostess

A young, handsome woman who runs the furnished house where Athos lives and casts tender glances at him without success.

Lubin

Comte de Wardes’s servant, whom Planchet overpowers and binds during D’Artagnan’s duel with the count.

The governor of the port at Calais

Also known as the governor

An unnamed official who countersigns the passage order D’Artagnan has taken from Comte de Wardes, enabling D’Artagnan to sail to England.

Mr. O’Reilly

Also known as the goldsmith · the Irish goldsmith

An Irish goldsmith employed by Buckingham, renowned for his skill. He makes two replacement diamond studs under guard in the duke’s palace, assisted by an apprentice.

The goldsmith’s wife

Mr. O’Reilly’s wife, whom he writes to for diamonds, tools, and his most skilled apprentice while he is confined in Buckingham’s palace.

The goldsmith’s apprentice

Also known as the assistant

An unnamed, highly skilled apprentice sent to assist Mr. O’Reilly in making replacement diamond studs for Buckingham.

The host at St. Valery

Also known as the host

An unnamed innkeeper who recognizes the password “Forward!” and provides D’Artagnan with a horse and directions for his return journey to Paris.

The questioner at Neufchâtel

An unnamed person who provides D’Artagnan with a fresh horse and directions to the next relay on his journey to Paris.

The host at Neufchâtel

Also known as the landlord

An unnamed tavern keeper at the Golden Harrow who provides D’Artagnan with a fresh horse after he gives the password.

The host at Eccuis

Also known as the host

An unnamed innkeeper at the Shield of France who provides D’Artagnan with a fresh horse for his journey to Paris.

The laborers in the ambush near Beauvais

Also known as the armed laborers

Eight or ten unidentified men who pose as road workers before drawing concealed muskets and ambushing the travelers. They wound Aramis and Mousqueton.

The stable boys at the Golden Lily

Also known as the stable boys

Unnamed workers at the Amiens inn who beat Grimaud when he tries to wake them, leaving him unconscious with a head wound.

The veterinary surgeon at the Golden Lily

Also known as the veterinary surgeon

An unnamed veterinary surgeon summoned to bleed one of the innkeeper’s horses who mistakenly bleeds Mousqueton’s horse, leaving the travelers short of a mount.

The four armed men at the Golden Lily

Also known as the four men

Unnamed armed men who rush at Athos when the innkeeper accuses him of using counterfeit money.

The governor’s secretary

An unnamed official who announces Comte de Wardes at the governor’s residence; D’Artagnan enters in the count’s place.

The postillion in England

Also known as the postillion

An unnamed rider who leads D’Artagnan and Planchet on post horses from Dover toward London.

The hosts at the Paris route relays

Also known as the relay hosts

Unidentified innkeepers who provide D’Artagnan with prepared horses and directions as he rides from St. Valery through Neufchâtel, Eccuis, and Pontoise toward Paris.

The French and Swiss Guards at the Hôtel de Ville

Also known as the two companies of the Guards

Unnamed members of the king’s Guards, including men from Dessessart’s and Duhallier’s companies, assigned to secure the Hôtel de Ville for the royal fête.

The Sieur de la Coste

Also known as de la Coste

An ensign in the king’s Guards who takes charge of the doors and keys at the Hôtel de Ville before the royal fête.

Clement

Also known as the city registrar

The city registrar who hands over the Hôtel de Ville’s keys to the Sieur de la Coste.

Duhallier

Also known as the captain of the Guards

A captain of the king’s Guards who brings fifty archers to secure the Hôtel de Ville for the royal fête.

The archers at the Hôtel de Ville

Also known as the archers

Unnamed armed guards assigned to posts throughout the Hôtel de Ville, including protection for the city’s silver buffet.

Madame la Première Présidente

Also known as the Première Présidente

A prominent guest at the royal fête, seated in a box opposite the queen’s.

The provost of the merchants

An unnamed city official who welcomes Louis XIII at the Hôtel de Ville with a speech.

The Comte de Soissons

Also known as M. le Comte de Soissons

A nobleman accompanying Louis XIII to the royal fête.

The Grand Prior

A nobleman accompanying Louis XIII to the royal fête.

The Duc de Longueville

A nobleman accompanying Louis XIII to the royal fête.

The Duc d’Eubœuf

A nobleman accompanying Louis XIII to the royal fête.

The Comte d’Harcourt

A nobleman accompanying Louis XIII to the royal fête.

The Comte de la Roche-Guyon

A nobleman accompanying Louis XIII to the royal fête.

M. de Liancourt

A nobleman accompanying Louis XIII to the royal fête.

M. de Baradas

A nobleman accompanying Louis XIII to the royal fête.

The Comte de Cramail

A nobleman accompanying Louis XIII to the royal fête.

The Chevalier de Souveray

A nobleman accompanying Louis XIII to the royal fête.

Madame the President

A guest at the royal fête who dances with Louis XIII.

The queen’s ladies at the fête

Also known as the ladies

Unidentified attendants who lead Anne of Austria to her room after the king demands that she wear her diamond studs.

The guards at the inn in St. Valery

Also known as the host’s men

Unidentified attendants who help the host provide D’Artagnan with his horse and prepare him for the next leg of the journey.

Madame de Lannoy

A woman loyal to Richelieu who serves as one of the queen’s women. She tells the cardinal that the queen stayed up late, wept, and spent the day writing.

The chancellor

Also known as Des Roches le Masle

A cardinal-loyal official who carries out Louis XIII’s order to search the queen for her letter. He is Des Roches le Masle, a canon of Notre Dame and former magistrate, and delivers the letter unread to the king.

Séguier

Also known as the keeper of the seals · Monsieur de Séguier · the chancellor

The keeper of the seals and chancellor, Des Roches le Masle, trusted by Richelieu. He searches Anne of Austria and takes the letter she concealed in her bodice, then delivers it unread to the king.

The king’s captain of the Guards

Also known as M. de Guitant

An unnamed captain of the Guards who announces the chancellor’s arrival to the queen.

Mme. de Guitaut

One of Queen Anne’s women, present when Louis XIII enters the queen’s apartments.

Mme. de Sable

One of Queen Anne’s women, present when Louis XIII enters the queen’s apartments.

Mme. de Montbazon

One of Queen Anne’s women, present when Louis XIII enters the queen’s apartments.

Mme. de Guémené

One of Queen Anne’s women, who reads aloud while the queen pretends to listen.

Marie de Médicis

Also known as the queen-mother

The queen-mother, whose lifelong persecution by Richelieu is recalled as a warning to Anne of Austria. The passage says she had once returned Richelieu’s affection, according to contemporary memoirs.

The King of Spain

Also known as the queen’s brother

Anne of Austria’s brother and recipient of her letter urging him and the Emperor of Austria to pressure France into dismissing Richelieu.

Madame de Longueville

A woman named by Louis XIII as one of the queen’s supposed allies in an amorous conspiracy with Buckingham.

The Condés

Also known as the Condés

A family or house whom Louis XIII names among the queen’s supposed allies in an amorous conspiracy with Buckingham.

The Maréchale d’Ancre

A Florentine court figure whom Louis XIII recalls as having had her rooms searched before she herself was searched.

M. de Laffemas

Also known as the chief gamekeeper of France

The chief gamekeeper of France, whose efforts in the affair of Calais were encouraged by the chancellor.

The four commissaries of inquiry

Also known as the commissaries · the honest men of the law

Unnamed officials delegated by Richelieu to investigate the queen’s affairs. The cardinal accuses Athos of attacking them, but Tréville says Athos was with him at the time.

The men of the police

Also known as the police

Unnamed officers who participate in the attempt to arrest the queen’s emissary and search the suspected house. Tréville complains that they arrested Athos without showing him their order.

The judges

The unnamed judicial officials whom Louis XIII says should decide the case against Athos.

The procureurs

Unnamed legal officers whom Tréville criticizes for arresting Athos and refusing to show their order.

The bailiffs and soldiers who besiege D’Artagnan’s lodging

Also known as the mixed crowd

Unnamed officers and soldiers who surround D’Artagnan’s house, break in, and seize Athos during the search for the queen’s emissary.

The cardinal’s police agents

Also known as the cardinal’s police

Unidentified officers with whom Monsieur Bonacieux previously spoke; D’Artagnan overheard their conversation through the floorboards.

Madame de Bernet

A woman exiled from the queen’s circle, mentioned as one of Anne of Austria’s devoted servants who suffered persecution.

Madame de Motteville

The author of memoirs cited regarding Anne of Austria’s lack of money.

The queen’s servant girl

Also known as the servant

An unnamed maid of Monsieur Bonacieux who fled in terror after his arrest and returned on foot to her native Burgundy.

The Comte de Châlus

A nobleman present with Athos and the Duc de la Trémouille at M. de Tréville’s hôtel, corroborating Athos’s whereabouts before his arrest.

The Duc de la Trémouille

Also known as M. de la Trémouille · the duke

A Protestant nobleman and witness whom M. de Tréville says was present with Athos and the Comte de Châlus at his hôtel before Athos’s arrest.

The cardinal’s secretary

Also known as the cardinal’s familiar

An unnamed trusted aide associated with the cardinal, mentioned in connection with the chancellor’s promotion and service to Richelieu.

The two other travelers

Athos, Porthos, and Aramis are to accompany D’Artagnan on the mission; their leave is arranged through M. de Tréville.

The woman in the cloak

An unidentified woman D’Artagnan sees late at night near Aramis’s home. She knocks at his shutter and exchanges a handkerchief with the woman inside.

The woman inside Aramis’s lodging

An unidentified woman lodging at Aramis’s house who exchanges a handkerchief with Madame Bonacieux through the shutter. The passage does not establish her identity.

Germain

A Louvre gatekeeper devoted to the queen’s interests. His position helps Madame Bonacieux bring Buckingham into the Louvre without interference.

Donna Estafania

Also known as Estafania

The queen’s Spanish attendant and the only one of her Spanish women not driven away by the king’s jealousy or Richelieu’s persecution. She accompanies Anne when she secretly meets Buckingham.

Madame de Vernet

A woman driven away from the queen after the king, influenced by the cardinal, reacted to Buckingham’s earlier visits.

Putange

A person exiled after the king, influenced by the cardinal, reacted to Buckingham’s earlier visits.

The commissary

Also known as the commissary of the Bastille

An unnamed official who interrogates Monsieur Bonacieux in the Bastille, accuses him of high treason, and has him confined. He also questions Athos while mistaking him for D’Artagnan.

The two guards attending Bonacieux’s interrogation

Also known as the guards

Unnamed guards who bring Monsieur Bonacieux to the commissary, remove him to a dungeon, and later escort him during his transfer.

The chief of the guards

Also known as the chief

An unnamed officer who asks the commissary where to place Monsieur Bonacieux after his interrogation.

The clerk

An unnamed clerk who attends the commissary during Monsieur Bonacieux’s questioning.

The Bastille messenger

Also known as the messenger

An unnamed messenger who brings the commissary a letter reporting news about Madame Bonacieux.

The officer who transfers Bonacieux

Also known as the officer

An unnamed officer who accompanies Monsieur Bonacieux from the Bastille in a carriage and brings him before Cardinal Richelieu.

The four mounted guards

Also known as the guards on horseback

Unnamed guards who surround the carriage carrying Monsieur Bonacieux from the Bastille.

The guards who arrest Athos

Unnamed officers who arrest Athos in D’Artagnan’s lodging, mistake him for D’Artagnan, and take him into custody.

Madame de Surgis

One of the queen’s women, made to sleep in the queen’s chamber and kept there all day, which prevents Madame de Lannoy from informing Richelieu sooner.

The queen’s goldsmith

Also known as the goldsmith

An unnamed goldsmith whom Rochefort visits to check whether the queen had sent him a damaged diamond stud for repair; he has received no such request.

Vitray

Also known as Vitray

A messenger sent by Richelieu to London with a letter for Milady and money for the journey.

The Bastille gatekeeper

Also known as the gatekeeper

An unnamed gatekeeper who introduces a messenger carrying a letter to the commissary.

The officer in the cardinal’s cabinet

Also known as the cardinal’s officer

An unnamed officer who serves Cardinal Richelieu, carries out his orders, and brings Rochefort and Monsieur Bonacieux into the cardinal’s cabinet.

Madame de Chevreuse’s companion at Rue de Vaugirard

An unnamed woman of about twenty-six to twenty-eight who had lodged at the house at Rue de Vaugirard, No. 25, and left the night before Richelieu’s search. Richelieu identifies her as the Duchesse de Chevreuse.

The man who lodged at Rue de la Harpe

An unnamed man of about thirty-five to forty who lodged at Rue de la Harpe, No. 75, and left the morning before Richelieu’s search. Richelieu identifies him as the Duke of Buckingham.

The Pomme-de-Pin innkeeper

Also known as the host of the Pomme-de-Pin

An unnamed innkeeper at the Pomme-de-Pin where D’Artagnan finds Porthos and Aramis waiting.

The lieutenant-criminel

An unnamed criminal lieutenant whom M. de Tréville visits while trying to learn where Athos is held.

The officer commanding the post of the Red Cross

An unnamed officer whom M. de Tréville summons as part of his inquiries into Athos’s imprisonment.

The governor of Fort l’Evêque

An unnamed official whom M. de Tréville visits while trying to locate Athos.

Montaran

A Guardsman in Aramis’s company, addressed by name when Aramis proposes splitting the disputed handkerchief.

Monsieur de Bois-Tracy

Also known as Bois-Tracy

A gentleman and friend of one of the Guardsmen who is said to be Madame de Bois-Tracy’s husband.

M. de Jussac

Also known as Jussac

A skilled captain or leader among the cardinal’s Guards whom D’Artagnan defeated and wounded. Louis XIII later refers to him as one of the cardinal’s best men put out of action.

Bicarat

A Gascon Guardsman who fights Porthos and, despite being wounded and outnumbered, refuses to surrender until his commander orders him to yield.

Bernajoux

A well-known cardinal’s Guardsman wounded in a duel with D’Artagnan. Louis XIII mentions him among the cardinal’s injured men.

La Vieuville

A courtier whom Louis XIII asks to take his place at the gaming table.

The valet de chambre

Also known as the king’s chamber valet

An unnamed servant at the Louvre who tells M. de Tréville that the king has gone hunting and that the cardinal’s carriage went to St. Germain.

M. de la Trémouille’s doctor

Also known as the doctor

An unnamed doctor who treats Bernajoux and warns that his lung wound is serious.

La Chesnaye

Louis XIII’s confidential valet, who brings the king forty pistoles, which the king gives to D’Artagnan.

St. Simon

A huntsman who is about to sound the horn when the king’s hunting dogs lose the scent of a stag.

D’Artagnan’s mother

Also known as his mother

Mentioned as the source of the healing balsam D’Artagnan offers Athos.

The wounded Guardsman who is carried to the convent

An unnamed cardinal’s Guardsman wounded by Aramis, whom the Musketeers and Bicarat carry to the convent porch after the fight.

M. d’Artagnan the elder

Also known as M. d’Artagnan · D’Artagnan the elder · the old Gascon gentleman

A Gascon gentleman and father of D’Artagnan, whom he sends to Paris with a horse, a letter of introduction to M. de Tréville, and advice for his career.

Rosinante

Also known as the Béarn pony · the yellow horse

D’Artagnan’s aging yellow pony, a family horse given to him by his father; D’Artagnan later sells him on reaching Paris.

M. Anquetil

Also known as Anquetil

A historian whose work is cited in the preface as a comparison for the memoirs’ portraits of the period.

Paulin Paris

Also known as Paulin Paris

An author’s friend whose advice led to the discovery of the manuscript attributed to the Comte de la Fère.

The three stairway challengers

Also known as the three other Musketeers

Three unidentified Musketeers who fence against the defender of the stair and are lightly wounded.

The Musketeer who tells the Rochefort story

An unnamed Musketeer who brings up Chalais’s esquire’s account of Rochefort in Brussels.

The doctor of theology

Also known as Aramis’s doctor

An unnamed theologian whom Aramis consults about his studies. He has a niece whom Aramis says he escorted to her carriage.

The doctor’s niece

Also known as the respectable lady

An unnamed woman, niece of the theologian Aramis consults. Aramis says she was with him when a tall, dark man mistook them for the Duke of Buckingham and the queen.

The man who wrote the threat

Also known as Madame Bonacieux’s abductor

The cardinal’s agent who abducted Madame Bonacieux and sent her husband a threatening note. Her husband and D’Artagnan identify him as the scarred man from Meung.

The four men who arrest Monsieur Bonacieux

Also known as the four Guards · the cardinal’s officers

Unnamed agents of the cardinal who arrest Monsieur Bonacieux and later seize visitors to his apartment in a concealed police trap.

The four men in black

Also known as the cardinal’s agents

Unnamed men who try to seize Madame Bonacieux in her husband’s apartment. D’Artagnan defeats them and drives them away.

The leader of the arresting party

Also known as Boisrenard

A cardinal’s officer who leads the party sent to arrest Monsieur Bonacieux. D’Artagnan persuades him that the Musketeers will not interfere and shares wine with him.

The three gentlemen with Aramis

Also known as Aramis’s three gentlemen

Three unnamed gentlemen who are speaking with Aramis when D’Artagnan approaches. They include two Guardsmen and a friend of Bois-Tracy, and they tease Aramis about an embroidered handkerchief.

A Guardsman, friend of Bois-Tracy

Also known as Aramis’s intimate of Bois-Tracy

An unnamed Guardsman among Aramis’s companions who claims to be Bois-Tracy’s friend and objects to the handkerchief being treated as a trophy.

Cahusac

A favorite of the cardinal who fights Athos and is later killed by him after D’Artagnan disarms him.

Two other Guardsmen

Also known as the two remaining cardinal’s Guards

Two unnamed cardinal’s Guards who accompany Jussac and the other named Guardsmen to confront the Musketeers.

The Guardsman wounded by Aramis

Also known as Aramis’s adversary

An unnamed cardinal’s Guardsman who fights Aramis, is killed by him, and is later carried to the convent porch.

Two friends of Bernajoux

Also known as Bernajoux’s friends

Two unnamed Guardsmen who rush from the tennis court and attack D’Artagnan after his duel with Bernajoux.

Three Guardsmen of M. Dessessart’s company

Also known as the Guards of M. Dessessart

Three unnamed Guardsmen passing by during the street brawl; two join the king’s Musketeers in support, while the third runs to summon them.

The esquire of M. de la Trémouille

Also known as M. de la Trémouille’s esquire

An unnamed esquire whose relative is Bernajoux; his account initially leads M. de la Trémouille to blame the Musketeers.

Bernajoux’s relative

An unnamed relative of Bernajoux who serves in M. de la Trémouille’s household and is among the people involved in the street brawl.

Mademoiselle de Chemerault

A woman to whom Louis XIII says he promised an abbey.

The Master of the Hounds

An unnamed royal official who tells Louis XIII that a stag has been marked down, prompting the king to go hunting.

Alexandre Dumas

Also known as Alexandre Dumas, Père

The author named in the book’s title and preface.

Auguste Maquet

Named alongside Alexandre Dumas as an author of the eBook.

John P. Roberts III

One of the eBook’s credited contributors.

Roger Labbe

One of the eBook’s credited contributors.

Scott David Gray

One of the eBook’s credited contributors.

Sue Asscher

One of the eBook’s credited contributors.

Anita Martin

One of the eBook’s credited contributors.

David Muller

One of the eBook’s credited contributors.

David Widger

One of the eBook’s credited contributors.

Mazarin

Named in the preface among the prominent figures whose likenesses appear in the memoirs.

The two auditors at the Jolly Miller

Also known as the stranger’s two auditors

Two individually unidentified men who listen to and laugh with the man in the violet doublet, then help the host attack D’Artagnan.

The host’s wife

Also known as the innkeeper’s wife

She helps the host and servants attack D’Artagnan and later tends to him in her chamber.

The host’s servants

Also known as the inn servants

Unidentified servants who help beat D’Artagnan and later join the search for his missing letter.

The stranger’s servant

Also known as the servant

An unnamed servant who pays the innkeeper at his master’s direction and gallops after him.

Father Joseph

Also known as the cardinal’s familiar · Gray Eminence

The cardinal’s familiar, whose name inspires such fear that people speak it in subdued tones.

Chalais

Also known as the poor Chalais

A man whose esquire’s story is discussed by the Musketeers; Aramis says the cardinal had Chalais’s throat cut on a pretext.

Chalais’s esquire

Also known as the esquire of Chalais

An unnamed man whose account of encountering Rochefort in Brussels is repeated among the Musketeers.

Monsieur de Laigues

A gentleman whom Rochefort reportedly tricked while disguised as a Capuchin.

Madame d’Aguillon

Also known as Mme. d’Aguillon

The cardinal’s mistress, mentioned in the Musketeers’ gossip and as a woman to whom Aramis pays court.

Madame Cambalet

Also known as Mme. Cambalet

The cardinal’s niece, mentioned in the Musketeers’ gossip.

The Director of the Royal Academy

An unnamed official whom M. de Tréville plans to write to so D’Artagnan can receive free training.

Besme

A man named as an example of someone M. de Tréville would strike if the king were displeased with him.

Maurevers

A man named as an example of someone M. de Tréville would strike if the king were displeased with him.

Poltiot de Méré

A man named as an example of someone M. de Tréville would strike if the king were displeased with him.

Vitry

A man named as an example of someone M. de Tréville would strike if the king were displeased with him.

The musketeer who defends the stairs

Also known as the defender of the stair

An unidentified Musketeer who skillfully fences off three comrades on the staircase at M. de Tréville’s hôtel.