War and Peace

Professor Michael S. Hart

Also known as Michael S. Hart

Named in the license as the originator of the Project Gutenberg concept and a producer and distributor of its eBooks.

The writers of universal histories

Also known as universal historians

Historians who explain events through interacting forces and people, yet, in the narrator’s account, fail to define power consistently.

The historians of culture

Also known as historians of culture

Writers who explain historical movements through intellectual activity, ideas, and culture. The narrator argues that they evade the question of power and do not explain the life of the peoples.

The ancient historians

Also known as the ancients

Historians who explained national events through divine guidance and the will of a chosen ruler.

The biographical historians

Also known as specialist historians

Historians who explain events through the will and power of individual rulers or heroes. The narrator says their accounts treat one authority as legitimate and rival powers as usurpations.

Napoleon

Also known as Emperor Napoleon · Buonaparte · Bonaparte · the man at the head of the movement

The French ruler whose rise and fall the narrator describes as shaped by forces beyond his intentions. His commands and the armies’ movements are used to examine power, historical events, and free will.

Hercules

A legendary figure invoked as an example of physical strength used to dominate others.

Louis XI

A French king cited as a ruler who held power over millions despite lacking exceptional moral qualities.

Metternich

A statesman cited as a ruler of millions who, in the narrator’s account, lacked exceptional moral qualities.

Pugachëv

Also known as Prince Pugachëv

A rebel leader whose claim to represent the people’s will is questioned by the narrator.

Napoleon III

A ruler whose changing status—from criminal after his capture at Boulogne to ruler who arrests others—is used to question theories of popular consent and power.

The rulers of the Confederation of the Rhine

Also known as the rulers of the Rhine Confederation

Rulers whose authority, the narrator asks, was transferred to Napoleon in 1806.

The Russian people

The people whose collective will the narrator asks whether it was transferred to Napoleon in 1809, when Russia allied with France against Austria.

The Legitimist historians

Also known as a Legitimist historian

Historians who regard the National Convention, the Directory, and Bonaparte as infringements of the true power.

The Republican historians

Also known as a Republican

Historians who regard the Convention as the real power and other governments as violations of it.

The Bonapartist historians

Also known as a Bonapartist

Historians who regard the Empire as the real power and rival governments as violations of it.

Louis XIV

Also known as Louis the Fourteenth

The French king whose long reign is contrasted with the later executions of Louis XVI and Charles I.

Ivan the Terrible

Also known as Iván the Terrible

A Russian ruler whose reign ended peacefully despite the narrator’s account of his morally weak character; his correspondence with Kúrbski is also mentioned.

Louis XV

A French king whose reign is discussed in connection with the claim that Louis XIV’s policies later affected Louis XVI.

Louis XVI

Also known as Louis the Sixteenth

The French king executed by his people, contrasted with Louis XIV’s peaceful end.

Charles I

A king executed by his people, contrasted with rulers whose reigns ended peacefully.

Charles X

A French king included in the narrator’s account of rapid transfers of popular will among successive rulers.

Louis Philippe

A French king included in the narrator’s account of rapid transfers of popular will among successive rulers.

Catherine

Also known as Catherine the Great

A ruler whose court scandals, as recounted in biographies, are used to question whether a leader’s entire private life expresses the life of a nation.

Napoleon’s mistresses

Also known as the mistresses

Unnamed women whose lives are included in accounts of Louis XIV, Louis XV, and Louis XVI, which the narrator says do not explain popular movements.

Napoleon’s ministers

Also known as the ministers

Unnamed officials whose lives are included in accounts that the narrator says do not explain the peoples’ movements.

Rousseau

A writer whose suspicious character and books are discussed by cultural historians; the narrator argues that this does not explain the actions of peoples after the Reformation.

Diderot

A writer named among those whose lives do not explain the eastward movement of western European peoples.

Beaumarchais

A writer named among those whose lives do not explain the eastward movement of western European peoples.

The Godfreys

Also known as the Godfreys and the Louis-es

Leaders of the Crusades whose lives, the narrator argues, do not explain the mass movement of peoples toward the east.

Peter the Hermit

A preacher associated with the Crusades, whose role does not explain the movement of the crowds of people who traveled east.

The Minnesingers

Medieval poets whose history, the narrator argues, cannot cover the life and impulses of the peoples during the Crusades.

The people who migrated west to east during the Crusades

Also known as the peoples at the time of the Crusades · the people

A mass of people who moved from west to east during the Crusades, including crowds of vagrants; the narrator says their motives remain unclear.

The popes, kings, and knights who urged the Crusades

Also known as popes, kings, and knights

Leaders who called on people to free the Holy Land, but whose appeals did not produce the expected popular response.

Kúrbski

Also known as Kurbsky

A correspondent of Ivan the Terrible, mentioned in connection with the movement of the Russian people eastward to Kazán and Siberia.

The naturalists

Also known as the naturalists and their followers

Scientists and their followers who explain human life through bodily and nervous activity. The narrator argues that their work addresses necessity but does not resolve the question of consciousness and freedom.

The man who drowns another while trying to survive

Also known as the sinking man

A hypothetical drowning man who clutches another person and drowns him; the example illustrates how knowledge of circumstances changes judgments of responsibility.

The hungry mother who steals food

Also known as the hungry mother

A hypothetical mother exhausted from feeding her baby who steals food; the example illustrates how circumstances affect judgments of freedom and guilt.

The soldier who kills a defenseless man under orders

Also known as the disciplined man on duty

A hypothetical soldier who kills a defenseless person at a command while on duty; the narrator uses him to show how circumstances alter judgments of responsibility.

The criminal raised among malefactors

Also known as the criminal

A hypothetical criminal whose upbringing among criminals is offered as an extenuating circumstance.

The father or mother who sacrifices themselves

Also known as the self-sacrificing parent

A hypothetical parent whose self-sacrifice is easier to understand when a possible reward is involved.

The woman who falls into bad company

Also known as the woman

A hypothetical woman whose misconduct is presented as less free when the circumstances and causes are understood.

The drunkard

Also known as the drunkard who relapses

A hypothetical person whose return to drunkenness appears less free when its causes are understood.

The first man

Also known as Adam

The first human being, whose fall and the emergence of the human race are mentioned in the discussion of freedom in time.

Attila

A historical leader whose caprice is rejected as an explanation for the renewal of the European world during the migrations of peoples.

Copernicus

The astronomer whose law that the earth moves is used as an analogy for the proposed laws of history.

Newton

The scientist whose law of gravity is cited as an example of explaining a common law without claiming to know its ultimate cause.

Voltaire

A writer who used the laws of astronomy and gravitation as a weapon against religion, in the narrator’s account.

Joshua son of Nun

Also known as Joshua

The biblical figure whose miracle is mentioned in connection with religious objections to the laws of Copernicus.

Bismarck

A statesman whose crafty conduct is presented as the apparent cause of the Austro-Prussian war to contemporary observers.

The men who haul a log

Also known as the men hauling the log

A hypothetical group whose shared effort illustrates how one person’s suggestion may be mistaken for a command causing the collective action.

The man whose suggestion matches the direction of the log

Also known as one of the men hauling the log

A hypothetical worker whose opinion about where to haul a log happens to match the group’s action, making it appear that he commanded it.

The French people killing one another during the Revolution

Also known as the French

People whose violence and later political justifications are used to show how explanations accompany collective events.

The man murdered in the name of rights

Also known as the man

A hypothetical victim killed by people who claim to recognize his rights, illustrating the contradictions of political justifications.

The millions killed in Russia for England’s humiliation

Also known as the millions

People said to have been killed in Russia under a justification involving the humiliation of England.

The King of Prussia

Also known as the king

A ruler whose decree, together with Bismarck’s, is said to lead an army into Bohemia.

Bismarck’s army in Bohemia

Also known as the army

An army said to enter Bohemia following decrees issued by the King of Prussia and Bismarck.

The French who go to Mexico

Also known as the French

People whose expedition to Mexico is used as an example of an event associated with Napoleon III’s decree.

The French who submit to the Bourbons

Also known as the French

People whose submission to the Bourbons is used as an example of an event associated with Alexander I’s command.

The herd of cattle

Also known as the herd

A hypothetical herd whose movement illustrates how observers may mistakenly attribute collective direction to whichever animal is at the front.

The herdsman

Also known as the driver of the herd

A hypothetical herdsman whose driving of cattle is one factor overlooked by observers who attribute the herd’s direction to its leading animal.

The animal at the head of the herd

Also known as the animal in front

An animal at the front of a hypothetical herd, used to illustrate the mistaken belief that a leader alone determines collective movement.

The people who migrate, burn houses, abandon agriculture, and destroy one another

Also known as the millions

The multitude whose activity, the narrator argues, is largely absent from histories focused on a few prominent individuals.

The reformers

Also known as the reformers and writers

Writers and reformers whose biographies explain their own thoughts and circumstances but, in the narrator’s account, not the lives of the peoples.

The French people who guillotine one another

Also known as the peoples during the French Revolution

People whose actions during the French Revolution are not explained by cultural histories of writers such as Luther and Rousseau.

The laws of Kepler

Astronomical laws invoked to show that recognizing any freely moving body would undermine the possibility of scientific laws.

The laws of statistics

Mathematical regularities in human actions, such as births and crimes, cited as evidence that human activity follows laws.

The natural scientists who study human movements

Also known as the naturalists

Scientists who seek laws in human activity by studying physical and social conditions; the narrator argues that their approach does not resolve the whole problem of free will.

The plasterers in the church analogy

Also known as the plasterers

Hypothetical workmen who, in their zeal, cover windows, icons, woodwork, and unfinished supports while plastering a church wall; the narrator uses them to criticize naturalists who ignore part of the problem.

The chief superintendent of the church work

Also known as the chief superintendent

An absent supervisor in the narrator’s analogy about plasterers who cover the windows and icons of a church.

The frog

An animal cited as an example in which observers can study muscular and nervous activity but not consciousness as it appears in humans.

The rabbit

An animal cited as an example in which observers can study muscular and nervous activity but not consciousness as it appears in humans.

The ape

Also known as the apes

An animal invoked in the discussion of human origins; the narrator argues that this does not resolve the relation between freedom and necessity.

Pierre

Also known as Monsieur Pierre · Count Bezúkhov · Count Peter Kirílych · Comte Pierre Besouhoff · Le russe Besuhof · L’russe Besuhof · Peter Kirílovich

Natásha’s husband and Nicholas’s brother-in-law. He returns from Petersburg, delights in caring for his infant son, and proposes that independent, honest men unite to support the public good. His nephew, young Nicholas Bolkónski, adores him and hopes to become learned, wise, and kind like him.

The old nurse who comforts Natásha

Also known as the old nurse

An unnamed nurse who tells Natásha that Pierre has arrived and reassures her as she leaves the baby. Her familiarity with Natásha reflects their close household relationship.

Pétya Bezúkhov

Also known as Pétya · their only boy

Pierre and Natásha’s infant son, whom Natásha nurses and Pierre lovingly dandles. He had been dangerously ill while Pierre was away but is now well.

Vasíli Dmítrich Denísov

Also known as Denísov · the retired General Vasíli Dmítrich Denísov

Nicholas Rostóv’s old friend, now a retired general dissatisfied with the government. He is glad when Pierre returns and joins the family’s conversations, sharply criticizing current affairs.

Nicholas Rostóv

Also known as Nicholas · young Rostóv · Count Nicholas

The Rostóvs’ eldest son and Princess Mary’s husband. He remains devoted to managing his estates and supporting his mother and family; he resists Pierre’s proposal for a society of independent men, insisting that his duty is to obey the government.

Princess Mary Bolkónskaya

Also known as Princess Mary · Countess Mary

Prince Andrew’s sister and Nicholas Rostóv’s wife. She raises her nephew, young Nicholas Bolkónski, and worries that he is lonely and that she cannot love him as she loves her own children. She keeps a diary recording her children’s behavior and her thoughts on their upbringing.

The young Prince Nicholas Andréevich

Also known as Prince Nicholas · little Prince Nicholas · Koko · Nicholas

The fifteen-year-old son of Prince Andrew and Princess Mary. He adores his uncle Pierre and reveres his dead father, whom he cannot remember; Pierre’s political ideas stir him deeply, and he dreams of doing great deeds that would win his father’s approval.

Dessalles

Also known as M. Dessalles · the Swiss tutor

The Swiss tutor to young Prince Nicholas. He urges the boy to come downstairs and sleeps in the boy’s room; Nicholas wakes him after a frightening dream.

Little Andrew Rostóv

Also known as Andrew · their eldest boy · Andrúsha

The eldest son of Nicholas Rostóv and Princess Mary. Pierre recalls hearing his laughter in the anteroom as a sign that all was well.

The Rostóvs’ three children

Also known as their three children

The unnamed children of Nicholas Rostóv and Princess Mary, who live with their parents, the old countess, and Sónya at Bald Hills. Their mother records their behavior in her diary.

The old countess’s old lady companion

Also known as Belóva

Belóva, an elderly unmarried woman living with the Rostóvs. She is the old countess’s companion, receives dress material from Pierre, and is often the pretext for the countess’s irritation.

The old Countess Rostóva

Also known as the countess · Nataly Rostóva · Nataly Shinshiná · the old countess · Mamma

The Rostóv matriarch, now over sixty and grieving the deaths of her husband and son. She lives with her family, often repeats old stories, and relies on familiar routines and the household’s care.

Sónya

Also known as Sónya Rostóva · Sophie · Nicholas’s future wife

The Rostóvs’ orphaned niece, once Nicholas’s beloved. She presides at the samovar during family tea.

Natásha Rostóva

Also known as Natáша · the countess’s daughter Natáша

The Rostóvs’ daughter and Pierre’s wife. She welcomes Pierre home with joy and reproaches him for his long absence, then resumes their affectionate life together; she nurses their infant son and cares for their family.

The nurse of Pierre and Natásha’s baby

Also known as the nurse

An unnamed nurse who receives Pétya when Natásha leaves to greet Pierre and helps care for the infant.

Anna Makárovna

An unnamed household woman who secretly knits two stockings at once for the children. Pierre helps make the stockings’ dramatic unveiling a source of delighted excitement.

Mademoiselle Louise

Also known as Mademoiselle Louise

An unnamed governess who summons Princess Mary when her eldest son, Andrúsha, refuses to dress.

Mítya

Also known as Mitya

A young child in Nicholas and Princess Mary’s family who behaves naughtily at table. Nicholas withholds his pudding as punishment, and Mary notes that depriving children of sweets may increase their greed.

Lisa

Also known as Lisa

Pierre and Natásha’s eldest daughter, sitting on Natásha’s lap as Pierre sorts the presents he brought home.

Prince Theodore

Also known as Prince Theodore

A prince who confers with Pierre in Petersburg about organizing honest men to counteract what they see as harmful government policies.

Prince Sergéy

Also known as Prince Sergey

A man Pierre calls a fine and clever fellow while describing his proposed society of independent, honest men.

Prince Alexander Golítsyn

Also known as Alexander Golítsyn

A prince whom Nicholas says founded a society and gained influence. Pierre groups him with Arakchéev as part of the government.

Arakchéev

Also known as Síla Andréevich · Minister of War · Count Aléxis Andréevich

A trusted adviser to Emperor Alexander whom Pierre condemns as part of a harsh government. Nicholas says he would obey the government even if Arakchéev ordered him to lead troops against Pierre.

Magnítski

Also known as Monsieur Magnítski

A friend of Speránski and chairman of the Committee on Army Regulations, whom Pierre names among the powerful figures he criticizes.

Gossner

Also known as Gossner

A person whom Denísov mentions in connection with the Bible Society’s religious influence.

Tatáwinova

Also known as Tatáwinova

A woman whom Denísov mentions in connection with the religious circle around the Bible Society.

Madame Kwüdener

Also known as Madame Kwüdener

A woman whom Denísov says people must now associate with as part of the religious fashion in government circles.

Sismondi

Also known as Sismondi

An author whose books Nicholas is reading as part of his rule not to buy another book before reading those he already owns.

Montesquieu

Also known as Montesquieu

A political philosopher whose works Nicholas is reading.

Platón Karatáev

Also known as Platón · Karatáev · little falcon · Platósha · Platoche

Pierre’s deceased fellow prisoner, remembered for his kindness and simple wisdom. Young Nicholas has heard Pierre speak of him and wonders whether Karatáev would have approved of Pierre’s political ideas.

Elias Mitrofánych

Also known as the overseer

Nicholas Rostóv’s overseer, who reports that people are offering eighty thousand rubles for the forest on the Tambóv estate.

Prince Andrew Bolkónski

Also known as Prince Andrew · the wounded Bolkónski

Princess Mary’s brother and the deceased father of young Nicholas. The boy imagines him as a loving, approving presence and resolves to do something that would satisfy him.

Mademoiselle Louise’s nursery maid

Also known as the nurse

An unnamed nurse who helps Princess Mary get the other children up when Andrúsha refuses to dress.

The three daughters of Pierre and Natásha

Also known as their three daughters

Natásha and Pierre’s three unnamed daughters, born before their son. Lisa, their eldest, is mentioned by name in this passage.

Adèle

Also known as Adèle

A woman who repeatedly urged Pierre to buy Natásha a gold comb set with pearls.

Prince Vasíli Kurágin

Also known as Prince Vasíli

A high-ranking courtier and Hélène’s father. The old countess asks Pierre whether Prince Vasíli has aged.

Countess Mary Alexéevna

Also known as Countess Mary Alexeyevna

A woman whose greetings and continued remembrance of the Rostóvs are mentioned by the old countess.

Prince Iván

Also known as Prince Ivan

A person whose health Pierre is asked about during the old countess’s familiar conversation.

Tugendbund

Also known as the German Tugendbund

A German alliance of virtue that Pierre cites as an example of an association devoted to mutual aid and public welfare.

Madame de Staël

Also known as Madame de Staël

A writer whom the historian Gervinus names among the people whose activities contributed to the restoration of the Bourbons.

Fichte

Also known as Fichte

A thinker whom the historian Gervinus names among the people whose activities contributed to the restoration of the Bourbons.

Chateaubriand

Also known as Chateaubriand

A writer whom the historian Gervinus names among the people whose activities contributed to the restoration of the Bourbons.

Louis XVIII

Also known as Louis the Eighteenth

The French king who begins to reign after Napoleon’s abdication and exile to Elba.

Gibbon

Also known as Gibbon

A historian named among the modern historians whose work rests on assumptions about leaders and historical aims.

Buckle

Also known as Buckle

A historian whose rejection of the concept of power, the narrator argues, left him without another way to handle historical material.

Thiers

Also known as Thiers

A Bonapartist historian who says Napoleon’s power rested on virtue and genius; the narrator uses his account to illustrate conflicting explanations of historical power.

Lanfrey

Also known as Lanfrey

A Republican historian who says Napoleon’s power rested on trickery and deception, contradicting Thiers’s explanation.

Gervinus

Also known as Gervinus

A universal historian who attributes the campaign of 1813 and restoration of the Bourbons to a combination of people and forces, while also treating power as a cause.

Schlosser

Also known as Schlosser

A universal historian whom the narrator cites as illustrating contradictions in explanations of historical power.

The universal historians

Also known as the writers of universal history

Historians who explain events through interacting forces and people, yet, in the narrator’s account, often treat power as an additional unexplained cause.

The French men and women of the Revolution

Also known as the Frenchmen

The French people whose violence during the Revolution is presented as an example of the gap between ideas and historical action.

The peoples of middle Europe

Also known as the nations of middle Europe

The populations drawn into the eastward and later westward movements of the Napoleonic era.

The French, German, and English peoples

Also known as the French, German, or English people

Peoples whose welfare modern historians sometimes identify as the goal of history.

Napoleon’s allies who become his enemies

Also known as all Napoleon’s allies

The rulers and forces that had allied with Napoleon but turn against him and join the coalition that defeats him.

The historian of universal history who praises Talleyrand’s seating

Also known as the historian

An unnamed historian whose account credits Talleyrand with extending France’s frontiers by securing a particular seat at the Congress of Vienna.

Talleyrand

Also known as Talleyrand

A French diplomat whose conduct at the Congress of Vienna is cited as an example of the exaggerated causal claims made by historians.

The writers of the books cited as causes of the Revolution

Also known as certain men

Unnamed writers whose books modern historians sometimes cite as causes of the French Revolution.

The Parisian advocates of liberty and equality

Also known as the couple of dozen men in Paris

A small group of unnamed men who spoke in favor of human freedom and equality near the end of the eighteenth century; the passage presents them as part of a simplified historical explanation.

The Jewish, Greek, and Roman nations

Also known as the ancient nations

Peoples whose divinely appointed aims ancient historians treated as stages in humanity’s progress.

The Roman, Spanish, and French realms

Also known as the realms

Polities whose greatness some modern historians treat as the goal toward which humanity is led.

Caesar

Also known as Caesars

A ruler named as an example of the individuals whose biographies cannot, by themselves, explain humanity’s movement.

Alexander

Also known as Alexander

Russia’s emperor, whose decisions and power are discussed as competing explanations for historical events.

Martin Luther

Also known as Luther

A historical figure named as an example of the individuals whose biographies cannot, by themselves, explain humanity’s movement.

The kings and rulers described by modern historians

Also known as monarchs

Rulers whom modern historians present either as leaders of the masses or as heroes with extraordinary capacities.

The journalists described by modern historians

Also known as journalists

People whom modern historians sometimes present as leaders of the masses.

The advisers and other people influencing rulers

Also known as advisers

Unnamed people whose influence universal historians add to the actions of rulers when explaining historical events.

Napoleon’s and Alexander’s historians of different nationalities

Also known as historians of different nationalities and tendencies

Historians who give conflicting explanations of the same events, attributing them to different leaders and causes.

The historians from Gibbon to Buckle

Also known as modern historians

Historians whose accounts, despite differing arguments, the narrator says share assumptions about leaders and historical goals.

The Frenchmen who submit to the Bourbons

Also known as millions of Frenchmen

The French population whose submission to the Bourbons is used to illustrate the difficulty of deriving large historical outcomes from the actions of a few writers and statesmen.

Alexander I

Also known as the Emperor · the sovereign · Alexander

Russia’s ruler, who led the European countermovement against Napoleon after the 1812 invasion. The narrator presents his actions as part of a historical process whose ultimate purpose lies beyond human understanding; after the 1815 war, Alexander relinquishes power and says he wishes to live as an ordinary man and attend to his soul and God.

Paul I of Russia

Also known as Tsar Paul · Paul

A former Russian ruler who recognizes Napoleon’s government, a decision the narrator treats as one of many circumstances that helped Napoleon gain power.

The Duc d’Enghien

Also known as the duc

A French nobleman whom Napoleon has executed; the narrator says the episode helped convince people that Napoleon’s power made his actions seem justified.

Mack

Also known as the Austrian general Mack · General Mack

An Austrian general whose army surrenders to Napoleon without a battle, according to the narrator’s account of Napoleon’s rise.

King of Prussia

A monarch who sends his wife to seek Napoleon’s mercy as Napoleon’s power grows.

The Emperor of Austria

Also known as the Austrian Emperor · Emperor Francis · Emperor and King Francis · His Majesty

The Austrian ruler who accepts Napoleon’s marriage alliance, allowing Napoleon to marry his daughter.

The Pope

Also known as the head of the Catholic Church · the Holy Father

The head of the Catholic Church, whom the narrator says used religion to advance Napoleon’s power.

Marie Louise

Also known as Empress Marie Louise · the Empress of Austria · the Empress

The Austrian emperor’s daughter and Napoleon’s wife, whom the narrator says was given to Napoleon in marriage.

Count Ilyá Rostóv

Also known as the count · Ilyá · Papa

The Rostóv family’s genial patriarch and Natásha’s father. He dies in 1813 after the losses of the previous year, leaving debts twice the value of his property; Nicholas accepts the inheritance and its debts to honor his father’s memory.

Countess Rostóva

Also known as the countess · Nataly Rostóva · Nataly Shinshiná · the old countess · Mamma

The Rostóv matriarch and mother of Natásha and Nicholas. After her husband’s death, she depends on Nicholas, struggles to understand their poverty, and lives with him, Sónya, and Princess Mary’s family.

Mítenka

The Rostóv household manager, who becomes one of Count Ilyá’s most exacting creditors after the count’s death because he holds promissory notes the count had given him as presents.

Mademoiselle Bourienne

Also known as M. Bourienne

Princess Mary’s French companion, who accompanies her when she visits Nicholas Rostóv in Moscow.

Matthew Ermíshin

Also known as the peasant Matthew Ermíshin

A prosperous peasant farmer on Nicholas Rostóv’s estate, whose efficient work and overnight hauling of corn Nicholas admires.

The Boguchárovo village elder succeeding Dron

Also known as the village elder

An unnamed village elder who takes Dron’s former position after Dron dies. Accused of dishonesty and irregularities, he is questioned and beaten by Nicholas Rostóv.

Dron

Also known as Drónushka · Dron Zakhárych · the village Elder · the Minister

Boguchárovo’s former village Elder and overseer, respected by the old and young princes and feared by the peasants. He dies before the events described in Nicholas’s later management of the estate.

Nicholas and Princess Mary’s three children

Also known as their three children

The unnamed children of Nicholas Rostóv and Princess Mary, who live with their parents, the old countess, and Sónya at Bald Hills.

Little Natásha Rostóva

Also known as Natásha · Nicholas’s pet

The three-year-old daughter of Nicholas Rostóv and Princess Mary, her father’s favorite. She kisses his hand while he sleeps, then insists that he is laughing rather than sleeping.

Pierre and Natásha’s children

Also known as their children

Natásha and Pierre’s four children, including their longed-for son, whom Natásha is nursing in 1820.

The wet nurse

An unnamed woman who once cared for Pierre and Natásha’s first child. After Pierre expresses agreement with Rousseau’s view that wet-nursing is unnatural, Natásha insists on nursing their later children herself.

The governess of Nicholas and Mary’s children

Also known as their governess

An unnamed governess who looks after Nicholas and Princess Mary’s children at Bald Hills.

The tutor of Nicholas and Mary’s children

Also known as their tutor

An unnamed tutor who teaches Nicholas and Princess Mary’s children at Bald Hills.

The tutor of Princess Mary’s nephew

Also known as his tutor

An unnamed tutor accompanying Princess Mary’s nephew at Bald Hills.

Princess Mary’s nephew

Also known as her nephew

An unnamed nephew of Princess Mary, whose Ryazán village accounts Nicholas reviews because the property belongs to the boy.

The unnamed son Count Ilyá asks to forgive him

Also known as his absent son

An unnamed son of Count Ilyá Rostóv, absent when the count is dying. The text does not establish his identity.

The Rostóvs’ acquaintances and relations at Count Ilyá’s death

Also known as the throng of acquaintances

People who had often dined and danced at the Rostóvs’ house. They come to pay their respects after Count Ilyá’s death and recall him as a worthy man.

Nicholas’s creditors

Also known as the creditors

People and firms owed money by Count Ilyá Rostóv. After his death they enforce their claims against Nicholas, who accepts responsibility for the debts.

Nicholas’s female relations

Also known as his female relations

Unnamed women in Nicholas’s family who suggest that he marry a wealthy woman to resolve his financial difficulties.

The children at Bald Hills

Also known as the children

The unnamed children in the Rostóv household, playing at “going to Moscow” in a chair carriage when Princess Mary is upset.

The old lady companion who plays patience

Also known as the old gentlewoman in the Rostóvs’ house · the old lady

An unnamed elderly woman living in the Rostóv household who plays patience with Countess Rostóva.

The old Michael Ivánovich

Also known as the late prince’s architect · Michael Ivánovich

The late Prince Nicholas Bolkónski’s architect, now living in retirement at Bald Hills. He joins the household dinner there.

The Rostóv household at Bald Hills

Also known as the whole household

The family and household members who gather for dinner at Bald Hills, including the old countess, Princess Mary, Nicholas, Sónya, Denísov, Natásha, and their children.

The governess of Pierre and Natásha’s children

Also known as their governess

An unnamed governess who looks after Pierre and Natásha’s children.

The unnamed village Elder under Nicholas

Also known as the Boguchárovo elder

An unnamed man accused of dishonesty and irregularities who succeeds Dron as village Elder. Nicholas beats him during an interrogation, then changes his view of corporal punishment after Princess Mary’s distress.

The Melyukóvs’ late husband

Also known as Pelagéya Danílovna’s late husband

Pelagéya Danílovna’s deceased husband, whose dressing gowns and uniforms are worn by the family during the Christmas mumming.

The young Prince Nicholas’s wet nurse

Also known as the wet nurse

An unnamed woman who cares for the young Prince Nicholas during his fever and helps administer medicine.

Praskóvya Sávishna

Also known as Nurse Sávishna · the nurse · the old nurse

Princess Mary’s old nurse, who helps care for the young Prince Nicholas alongside his wet nurse.

Emperor Alexander

Also known as the Emperor · the sovereign · Alexander I · Alexander

Russia’s ruler, whom the narrator describes as leading the European countermovement against Napoleon after the 1812 invasion. After the final war of 1815 he relinquishes power, saying he wishes to live as an ordinary man and attend to his soul and God.

The maid who brings the good news of Pierre’s arrival

Also known as the old nurse

An unnamed nurse who enters Natásha’s room with a beaming face to announce that Pierre has arrived.

The unnamed people visiting Bald Hills

Also known as the visitors

Relations and guests who gather at Bald Hills for name days and birthdays, sometimes numbering about a hundred.

The village elder succeeding Dron

Also known as the Boguchárovo elder

An unnamed man who succeeds Dron as Boguchárovo’s village Elder and is accused of dishonesty and irregularities. Nicholas beats him during an interrogation; Princess Mary’s grief prompts Nicholas to recognize the wrong and promise to stop.

The woman whom the narrator calls a “bee”

Also known as the bee

An animal used as an example in the narrator’s discussion of how people assign purposes to living things. Its actions serve purposes beyond what any individual observer can fully understand.

The child stung by a bee

Also known as the child

An unnamed child stung by a bee; the narrator uses the incident to illustrate how observers may mistake a single effect for the whole purpose of an event.

The ram in the enclosure

Also known as the ram

A hypothetical ram driven into a special enclosure to feed, becoming fatter than the others before being slaughtered. The narrator uses it to illustrate how events can serve purposes beyond the subjects’ understanding.

The French Revolution’s leaders and parties

Also known as the French parties

People and political factions in France whose collapse and rivalry, in the narrator’s account, helped carry Napoleon into power.

The men who commit crimes in Africa

Also known as the men

Unnamed French forces who commit violence against the largely unarmed inhabitants during Napoleon’s Egyptian expedition.

The inhabitants of Africa under French invasion

Also known as the almost unarmed inhabitants

Unnamed people subjected to French violence during Napoleon’s expedition in Africa.

The rulers of France who submit to Napoleon

Also known as the rulers of France

Unnamed French rulers who, in the narrator’s account, submit to Napoleon as their own power collapses.

The allies who send Napoleon into exile

Also known as the allies

European rulers and forces who defeat Napoleon, then send him to an island with guards and money rather than treating him as an outlaw.

The diplomatists after the Napoleonic wars

Also known as the diplomatists

Unnamed diplomats who imagine they caused the great historical movement to subside, while the narrator depicts them as caught within larger forces.

The historian judging Alexander

Also known as the historian

An unnamed historian who judges Alexander’s decisions according to a view of what is good for humanity; the narrator argues that such judgments change over time.

The writers interpreting history

Also known as each new writer · the historians

Unnamed historians and writers whose changing standards of good and bad lead them to conflicting judgments of historical figures and events.

The people who praise Alexander’s constitution for Poland and the Holy Alliance

Also known as some people

Unnamed commentators who regard Alexander’s constitution for Poland and the formation of the Holy Alliance as praiseworthy.

The people who blame Alexander’s constitution for Poland and the Holy Alliance

Also known as others

Unnamed commentators who regard Alexander’s constitution for Poland and the formation of the Holy Alliance as blameworthy.

The men who prepare Napoleon for his role

Also known as those around him

Unnamed rulers and associates who, in the narrator’s account, reward or excuse Napoleon’s actions and help make him the figurehead of the European movement.

The King of Prussia’s wife

Also known as his wife

An unnamed queen who is sent by the King of Prussia to seek Napoleon’s mercy.

Napoleon’s brothers, stepsons, and brothers-in-law

Also known as his ancestors, his brothers, his stepsons, and his brothers-in-law

Napoleon’s unnamed relatives, whom the narrator says were also treated as great figures as part of the glorification surrounding him.

The English who do not join the European movement

Also known as England

The people of England, whose country the narrator says does not take part in the events leading to Napoleon’s invasion of Russia.

The peoples of Central Europe

Also known as the peoples

The populations who join the French-led western forces before the invasion of Russia and later join the countermovement westward.

The peoples of western Europe

Also known as the peoples of the west

The populations who form a military group and move east toward Moscow, then retreat westward.

The peoples of eastern Europe

Also known as the peoples of the east

The populations whose military group faces the westward movement toward Moscow; later the movement turns from east to west.

The man who is called a genius by the rams

Also known as the ram herdsman

A hypothetical herdsman who drives a ram into a special enclosure to feed. The narrator uses him to show how limited observers may mistake an ordinary role for genius.

The French corporal refusing a second term

Also known as a French corporal

An unnamed soldier used in the narrator’s earlier argument as an example of an individual choice among the countless acts shaping the war.

The monarchs of Europe who recognize Napoleon

Also known as all Europe’s rulers

European rulers who recognize Napoleon’s authority and self-given title after his victories.

The Pope’s Catholic followers

Also known as the nations

The peoples whose sacred beliefs the narrator says the Pope used to advance Napoleon’s power.

The French soldiers who help Napoleon gain fame in Italy

Also known as the soldiers of the army sent to Italy

Unnamed troops whose military qualities help secure Napoleon’s early fame during the Italian campaign.

The Russian armies absent from Napoleon’s Italian campaigns

Also known as the Russian armies

Russian forces that might have challenged Napoleon’s prestige in Italy but, for diplomatic reasons, arrive after he has left.

The man who returns from Elba

Also known as the man who returns to France

Napoleon, who returns to France alone and without soldiers; the populace greets him despite having cursed him the previous day.

The narrator

The narrator reflects on the limits of historical judgment and argues that individuals and nations serve purposes beyond human understanding.

Kutúzov

Also known as Michael Ilariónovich Kutúzov · General Kutúzov · the commander in chief · His Serene Highness · the field marshal · Granddad

The Russian commander in chief who led the defense of Russia and decided to abandon Moscow. In Vílna, Emperor Alexander criticizes his conduct of the pursuit and plans a new campaign; Kutúzov opposes another war and is gradually displaced before his death.

Chichagóv

A Russian commander who meets Kutúzov in Vílna and hands him the town’s garrison report and keys. He had previously acknowledged to Emperor Alexander that Kutúzov deserved credit for securing peace with Turkey.

Count Tolstóy

Also known as the grand marshal of the court

A senior court official who presents Kutúzov with the Order of St. George of the First Class on a silver salver. He later hosts a dinner and ball attended by the Emperor.

Konovnítsyn

Also known as Peter Petróvich Konovnítsyn · Konovnítsyn’s adjutant

A Russian general whose staff receives fresh appointments as the Emperor’s authority replaces Kutúzov’s. He rushes to tell Kutúzov that Alexander is arriving in Vílna.

Count Rostopchín

Also known as Rostopchín

Moscow’s governor, Theodore Vasílyevich Rostopchín. After returning to Moscow, Pierre calls on him.

Count Volkónski

Also known as Prince Peter Mikháylovich Volkónski · Prince Volkónski

A Russian prince and senior court official who accompanies Emperor Alexander to Vílna and is in the sleigh with him on arrival.

Toll

Also known as Count Toll · Young Count Toll · von Toll · Captain von Toll

A Russian military adviser who receives a new appointment as Kutúzov’s staff is reconstructed and authority shifts to the Emperor.

Ermólov

Also known as General Ermólov

A Russian general who receives a new appointment as Kutúzov’s staff is reconstructed and authority shifts to the Emperor.

Pétya Rostóv

Also known as Pétya · the count’s youngest boy

The Rostóvs’ youngest son, killed during Denísov and Dólokhov’s attack. Pierre sees his body on the day he is rescued.

Hélène

Also known as Countess Bezúkhova · Pierre’s wife

Pierre’s estranged wife, who dies while he is in captivity. He learns of her death from Denísov and later speaks of her with pity and remorse.

The doctors who treat Pierre in Orël

Also known as the doctors

Unnamed physicians who diagnose Pierre with bilious fever, bleed him, and give him medicines; he recovers after being ill for three months.

Terénty

Also known as Pierre’s servant

One of Pierre’s servants, who comes from Moscow to attend him during his recovery in Orël. He enjoys talking with Pierre about Moscow and the old count.

Váska

Also known as Pierre’s servant

One of Pierre’s servants, who comes from Moscow to attend him during his recovery in Orël.

The eldest princess in Pierre’s household

Also known as the eldest princess · Pierre’s cousin · Countess Bezúkhov’s eldest niece · Catherine Semënovna · Catiche

Pierre’s cousin, who comes from his estate at Eléts to nurse him during his illness in Orël. She becomes unexpectedly fond of him, though she later says she has heard of Natásha’s past and of the proposed match with Nicholas Rostóv.

Willarski

Also known as Count Willarski · the young Polish count

A Polish Freemason who introduced Pierre to the lodge in 1807. He visits Pierre in Orël, where he holds a temporary commissariat post, and later travels with him toward Moscow.

The young Italian prisoner

Also known as the Italian officer

A young Italian officer held among the French prisoners in Orël. He visits Pierre, tells him about his life and love, and expresses outrage at France and Napoleon; Pierre plans to find a way to give him money.

The French colonel asking Pierre for money

Also known as the French prisoner, a colonel

An unnamed French colonel held in Orël who asks Pierre for four thousand francs for his wife and children. Pierre refuses his demand.

The head steward of Pierre’s estates

Also known as the chief steward · Pierre’s steward

Pierre’s estate manager, who visits him in Orël and estimates the losses from the burning of Moscow. He advises Pierre not to pay Hélène’s debts or rebuild his houses, but Pierre later decides to do both.

Savélich

Also known as Pierre’s servant

Pierre’s attentive servant, who comes from Moscow to Orël and later brings an account of the damage there. He helps Pierre prepare for travel, though Pierre postpones his departure for Petersburg.

Mary Abrámovna

A woman who invites Pierre to her house and tells him what happened, or supposedly should have happened, during his captivity.

Stepán Stepánych

An acquaintance who instructs Pierre on how he ought to recount his experiences.

The Chief of Police in Moscow

Also known as the Chief of Police

An unnamed official who asks Pierre to send a representative to the Faceted Palace to recover property being returned to its owners.

The peasants returning to Moscow with carts

Also known as the peasants who came with empty carts

Unnamed peasants who return to Moscow to collect abandoned property. The authorities stop them and put them to work carrying corpses out of the city.

Ney

Also known as Marshal Ney · the Duke of Elchingen

A French marshal who escapes to Orshá by night, abandoning his standards, artillery, and most of his men. The narrator criticizes historians for praising this as greatness.

Tormásov

A Russian general named among the commanders historians blame for failing to capture the French during their retreat. The narrator argues that capturing Napoleon’s army was neither a real aim nor a feasible one.

Milorádovich

Also known as Miloradovich

A Russian general whose envoys demand the surrender of French troops at Krásnoe. The narrator criticizes his delays and failure to carry out orders, while also noting that historians dwell on his words and supposed maneuvers.

Wittgenstein

Also known as General Wintzingerode

A Russian commander whose army joins Kutúzov’s forces. The narrator describes the proposed junction of Wittgenstein, Chichagóv, and Kutúzov as exceedingly unlikely to happen on time.

The Russian army pursuing the French

Also known as the Russian army

Russian forces pursue the retreating French from Tarútino toward Krásnoe and beyond. Exhaustion, cold, hunger, and disease reduce their numbers by half before Krásnoe, and the narrator says their aim was to free Russia rather than capture Napoleon.

The French army

Also known as the French

Napoleon’s retreating army, whose soldiers flee in disorder and suffer from hunger and cold. The narrator describes its destruction as largely caused by the conditions of its flight, while at Krásnoe many surrender and are captured.

Murat

Also known as the vice-King · the King of Naples

Napoleon’s brother-in-law and a French marshal. Russian officers propose a flank march to capture him during the pursuit.

Prince Eugène of Württemberg

Also known as Eugène of Württemberg

A Russian commander who fires on the fleeing French from a hill near Krásnoe and asks for reinforcements, which do not arrive.

The Russian soldiers at Krásnoe

Also known as the cavalry · the troops

Exhausted Russian troops who pursue the French at Krásnoe. Many French surrender to them, but the narrator presents the Russians as driven by necessity rather than by the commanders’ plans.

The French prisoners at Krásnoe

Also known as the prisoners · the column

Thousands of starving, frostbitten French soldiers captured at Krásnoe, many of whom surrender as the Russians approach.

The Russian soldier who pats a French prisoner

Also known as the Russian soldier

An unnamed Russian soldier whom Kutúzov sees laughingly pat a French prisoner on the shoulder in a friendly manner.

The French soldier with sores

Also known as the soldier with his face covered with sores

An unnamed French prisoner who tears at raw flesh near the road and turns away with a malevolent expression when Kutúzov looks at him.

The other French soldier eating raw flesh

Also known as the second French soldier

An unnamed French prisoner who tears and eats raw flesh beside the soldier with sores.

The general reporting captured guns and prisoners

Also known as one of the generals

An unnamed Russian general who reports to Kutúzov where the guns and prisoners were captured.

The soldiers carrying captured standards

Also known as the soldiers carrying the standards

Unnamed Russian soldiers carrying French standards, who are signaled to advance and surround Kutúzov at the Preobrazhénsk regiment.

The Russian soldiers listening to Kutúzov

Also known as the brothers · the lads

Russian troops gathered around Kutúzov at Krásnoe. They respond with cheers when he thanks them and urges them to endure, while acknowledging the humanity of the French prisoners.

The general asking about Kutúzov’s calèche

Also known as one of the generals

An unnamed Russian general who asks Kutúzov whether his carriage should be sent for after his address to the troops.

The Russian regimental commander at the night halt

Also known as the regimental commander

An unnamed commander of an infantry regiment reduced from three thousand men to nine hundred. He occupies the only available hut and later discusses the next day’s maneuvers with his chief officers.

The quartermasters at the night halt

Also known as the quartermasters

Unnamed officials who tell an arriving Russian regiment that the village huts are full of sick and dead Frenchmen.

The Russian sergeant major who breaks up the noise

Also known as the sergeant major

An unnamed sergeant major who strikes a soldier and orders the men hauling a wattle wall to quiet down because officers are nearby.

The soldier struck by the sergeant major

Also known as the first man

An unnamed soldier whose face is scratched and bloodied when he falls against the wattle wall after the sergeant major strikes him.

The soldiers hauling the wattle wall

Also known as the men

Unnamed Russian soldiers who tear down and drag a wattle wall through the village to build shelter at their campfire.

The soldiers of the Sixth Company

Also known as the Sixth Company

Russian soldiers who join the men hauling the wattle wall when asked for help.

The Russian officers planning the next day’s maneuver

Also known as the chief officers

Unnamed officers who gather in the regimental commander’s hut and discuss a proposed flank march to capture Murat.

The red-haired, red-faced soldier at the Eighth Company fire

Also known as the red-haired man

A robust unnamed soldier who informally orders weaker men to fetch wood and teases a young soldier about his worn boot.

Makéev

Also known as Makéev

A Russian soldier called by the red-haired man to fetch more wood at the Eighth Company fire.

Jackdaw

Also known as the sharp-nosed soldier

A thin, sharp-nosed Russian soldier nicknamed Jackdaw who fetches wood and tells a sergeant major he is too weak to keep up and should be sent to hospital.

Petróv

Also known as the soldier who lagged behind

A Russian soldier who has fallen behind the regiment, according to the sergeants major.

The young soldier who dances at the fire

Also known as the dancer

An unnamed, handsome Russian soldier who brings wood, dances, and sings by the campfire. He recounts seeing captured French soldiers and asks one whose subject he was.

The old soldier who rebukes talk of frozen feet

Also known as the old soldier

An unnamed veteran who reproaches a soldier for complaining about frozen feet and later says Borodinó was the only battle worth remembering.

The sergeant majors at the Eighth Company fire

Also known as the two sergeants major · the sergeant major

Two unnamed Russian sergeants major who sit with the soldiers by the campfire and discuss missing men and the hardships of marching.

The Russian soldier who tells the story of the dead

Also known as the man who wondered at their whiteness

An unnamed soldier who recounts what a peasant near Mozháysk said about the contrasting condition of the French and Russian dead after Borodinó.

Kiselëv

Also known as Kiselëv

A Russian soldier who tells an improbable story that Plátov captured Napoleon, only for Napoleon to turn into a bird and escape.

Plátov

Also known as Platoff

A Russian commander mentioned in a soldiers’ campfire tale claiming he captured Napoleon twice, though the tale says Napoleon magically escaped.

Morel

Also known as Ramballe’s orderly

Captain Ramballe’s French orderly, who emerges from hiding with him in the forest. The Russian soldiers give him food and vodka, and he becomes jovial and sings with them by the campfire.

Captain Ramballe

Also known as M. Ramballe · the exhausted French officer · the French officer

A French officer found exhausted and ill in the forest with his orderly Morel. Russian soldiers carry him to a hut to warm him, and he addresses them as kind friends.

The Russian officer who asks the colonel to shelter Ramballe

Also known as the Russian officer

An unnamed Russian officer who asks his colonel whether Ramballe can be taken into a hut to warm him.

The Russian colonel at the Fifth Company fire

Also known as the colonel

An unnamed Russian colonel who orders that the exhausted French officer Ramballe be brought to his hut.

The Russian soldier who jokes with Ramballe

Also known as the jesting soldier

An unnamed Russian soldier who mockingly asks Ramballe whether he will do it again, then is rebuked by his comrades.

The Russian singer and wag at the fire

Also known as the singer and a wag

An unnamed Russian soldier who embraces Morel, learns the tune of his French song, and entertains the company.

Zaletáev

Also known as Zaletáev

A Russian soldier who struggles to imitate the French lyrics Morel sings, prompting laughter from the others.

The soldiers at the Fifth Company fire

Also known as the soldiers

Russian soldiers who welcome the two Frenchmen from the forest with food and warmth. They laugh and sing with Morel, while some older men watch with quiet sympathy.

Esaul Lováyski the Third

Also known as Esaul Lováyski · Michael Feoklítych · the esaul

A composed Cossack captain in Denísov’s party. He scouts the French camp with Denísov and Pétya and helps plan the attack.

The young officer in a blue French overcoat

Also known as the young officer

An unnamed Russian officer on a small Kirghíz horse who carries out adjutant duties for Denísov. He is sent to find Dólokhov and later reports that Dólokhov is coming.

The peasant guide with Denísov’s party

Also known as the peasant guide · the peasant in the knitted cap

An unnamed guide who leads Denísov, Pétya, and the esaul through the forest to a vantage point overlooking the French camp.

The French drummer boy

Also known as the little drummer boy · the prisoner · Vincent Bosse · Vesénny · Vesénya

A young French drummer captured by Denísov’s party. Pétya treats him kindly and asks that he be fed; Denísov keeps him with the band rather than sending him away with the other prisoners.

Tíkhon Shcherbáty

Also known as Tíkhon · Shcherbáty · the peasant sent to capture a tongue · the plastún

A peasant from Pokróvsk who becomes one of Denísov’s most useful guerrillas, known for his strength, courage, and skill at capturing or killing Frenchmen. Sent to seize a prisoner for information, he escapes French pursuers and returns without the captive Denísov wanted.

The French soldiers pursuing Tíkhon

Also known as the French

Unnamed French soldiers who discover Tíkhon near their camp and fire at him as he escapes through a stream and marsh.

The French prisoner Tíkhon first captured

Also known as the general’s son

An unnamed French soldier whom Tíkhon says he captured at dawn but did not bring back because he seemed unhelpful. Tíkhon reports that the man claimed to be a general’s son and said the French detachment was poorly equipped.

Dólokhov

Also known as the gentleman ranker · the soldier in the blue greatcoat · the officer Dólokhov · Dólokhov the Persian

A daring Russian guerrilla commander who reconnoiters the French camp in disguise with Pétya. He returns safely and leads the attack, then oversees the captured Frenchmen with cold severity.

The French sentinel on the bridge

Also known as the sentinel

An unnamed French guard who challenges Dólokhov and Pétya for the password as they approach the French camp in disguise. Dólokhov bluffs his way past him.

The French soldier carrying a sack

Also known as the soldier with a sack over his shoulder

An unnamed French soldier whom Dólokhov stops for directions to the camp officers. He answers simply and points them toward the landowner’s house.

The tall, long-necked French officer

Also known as the officer with the long neck

An unnamed French officer who mistakes Dólokhov for someone named Clément before questioning him at the campfire.

The French officer speaking from behind the fire

Also known as the voice from behind the fire

An unnamed French officer who jokes that Dólokhov and Pétya have missed the evening soup.

The French officer wrapped in a greatcoat

Also known as the French officer

An unnamed French officer who rises and whispers to a companion after Dólokhov laughs about shooting prisoners.

The soldier stirring the French camp pot

Also known as the soldier in a peaked cap and blue overcoat

An unnamed French soldier tending a pot by the campfire. Dólokhov hands him the horses while he questions the officers.

The Cossack accompanying Dólokhov

Also known as the Cossack

An unnamed Cossack who accompanies Dólokhov and Pétya to the French camp and waits with the horses.

Likhachëv

Also known as the Cossack under the wagon

A Cossack in Denísov’s party who sharpens Pétya’s saber before the attack. Pétya gives him a ruble and treats him as a trusted companion.

The hussar who takes the cup

Also known as the hussar

An unnamed hussar who comes to the wagons at night to retrieve a cup.

The gray-blue bandy-legged dog

Also known as the little dog in the prisoners’ shed · the dog

A dog that chose Platón Karatáev as its master and travels with the prisoners. After Karatáev is shot, it howls; it later appears beside a Russian prisoner and is reunited with Pierre.

The Russian prisoner pushed away from the fire

Also known as the prisoner

An unnamed Russian soldier whom a Frenchman shoves away from the campfire. He sits beside the blue-gray dog that later reunites with Pierre.

The Frenchman roasting meat

Also known as the French soldier with red hands

An unnamed French soldier who pushes a Russian prisoner away from the fire and roasts meat as Pierre wakes.

The French soldiers who shoot prisoners left behind

Also known as the escort

Unnamed French soldiers who shoot prisoners unable to keep pace during the march. They also shoot Platón Karatáev after leaving him by the road.

The marshal passing the prisoners

Also known as the marshal

An unnamed French marshal who rides past the prisoner column in a carriage. Pierre thinks he sees sympathy in the marshal’s glance.

The general in charge of the stores

Also known as the general

An unnamed French general who rides after the marshal’s carriage during the march.

The two French soldiers who run past Pierre

Also known as the soldiers

Unnamed French soldiers who pass Pierre after Karatáev is shot; one carries a smoking gun, and both appear shaken.

The old merchant in Platón’s story

Also known as the merchant

A fictional, God-fearing merchant who is wrongly convicted of murder and sent to hard labor in Siberia. Years later, the true murderer confesses, but the merchant dies before the Tsar’s pardon arrives.

The rich merchant murdered in Platón’s story

Also known as the murdered merchant

A fictional wealthy merchant found murdered at an inn while traveling with the old merchant.

The murderer in Platón’s story

Also known as the true murderer

A fictional convict who confesses that he murdered the rich merchant and framed the old merchant, leading the Tsar to order the old man’s release.

The old merchant’s wife

Also known as his old wife

The unnamed wife of the merchant in Platón’s story, whom he laments leaving behind when he is sent to Siberia.

The old merchant’s children

Also known as the children

The unnamed children of the merchant in Platón’s story, whom he worries about while imprisoned.

The old geography teacher

Also known as the old teacher

An unnamed, kindly Swiss teacher from Pierre’s youth who appears in his dream and explains life through the image of a living, changing globe.

The Russian Tsar in Platón’s story

Also known as the Tsar

The ruler who, in Platón’s tale, orders the old merchant’s release and compensation after the murderer confesses.

The Russian prisoners rescued at Shámshevo

Also known as the prisoners

Russian prisoners freed during Denísov and Dólokhov’s attack. They weep and embrace the Cossacks and hussars who offer them clothes, boots, and bread.

The French senior officer surrendering at Shámshevo

Also known as the senior French officer

An unnamed French officer who comes out of the landowner’s house with a white handkerchief tied to his sword and announces that his troops surrender.

The Cossack counting prisoners

Also known as Dólokhov’s Cossack

An unnamed Cossack who counts the disarmed French prisoners beside Dólokhov, marking each hundred on the gate.

The French marshal whose baggage train follows the prisoners

Also known as the marshal

An unnamed French marshal whose baggage train travels with the prisoner column.

Junot

Also known as Marshal Junot

A French marshal whose large baggage train travels behind Pierre’s prisoner column, escorted by Westphalian troops.

Berthier

Also known as the chief of staff

Napoleon’s chief of staff, who reports in a letter that the French army is disorganized, exhausted, and losing men and equipment on the march.

Davout

Also known as Marshal Davout · Prince d’Eckmühl

A French marshal whose corps follows Murat’s in the retreat near Krásnoe. Stragglers from his corps raid wagons in the prisoner convoy.

The German soldier executed for the silver spoon

Also known as the German soldier

An unnamed German soldier in Marshal Junot’s baggage escort who is shot by the marshal’s order after a silver spoon is found in his possession.

The French prisoners counted at Shámshevo

Also known as the disarmed Frenchmen

French soldiers captured in the attack at Shámshevo and counted as they pass Dólokhov.

The Russians who capture the French wagons

Also known as the Cossacks

Russian Cossacks who capture much of the French hardtack and baggage on the retreat from Moscow.

The French prisoners who escaped from Dorogobúzh

Also known as the soldier prisoners

Several unnamed Russian prisoner-soldiers who tunnel out of a stable at Dorogobúzh but are recaptured and shot.

Milanos

Also known as the French

A party of French prisoners sent with a receipt after their capture by Denísov’s detachment; the text does not establish an individual identity.

The French corporal who speaks with Pierre

Also known as the corporal

An unnamed French corporal who talks with Pierre in the prisoners’ shed and previously accepted Pierre’s intervention in a fight between prisoners and French soldiers. During the evacuation, he returns in marching gear and shuts the shed door without answering Pierre’s plea for the sick Sokolóv.

The prisoners who ask Pierre about the corporal

Also known as some of the prisoners

Unnamed fellow prisoners who ask Pierre what the French corporal said about the army leaving Moscow.

The thin French soldier who asks for Platón

Also known as the Frenchman who had Platón sew a shirt

A thin, sallow French soldier who asks Pierre for the shirt Platón Karatáev has sewn. He pays for it, then returns the leftover linen when he realizes Platón meant to keep it.

The sick soldier Sokolóv

Also known as Sokolóv

A thin, emaciated Russian prisoner suffering from dysentery. He fears being left behind when the French evacuate Moscow, but the escort refuses Pierre’s pleas to take care of him.

The two French soldiers who come to close the shed

Also known as the two soldiers

Unnamed French soldiers accompanying the corporal to shut the prisoners’ shed before the evacuation.

The French captain who orders the prisoners onward

Also known as the captain · the officer

An unnamed French officer who had earlier assured Pierre he would help him. During the evacuation he refuses to delay the prisoners for Sokolóv and orders them to keep moving.

The fat major among the officer prisoners

Also known as the major

An unnamed Russian major in a Kazán dressing gown who complains about the march and the other prisoners’ jostling.

The thin little officer among the prisoners

Also known as the thin little officer

An unnamed Russian officer who speculates with the other prisoners about where they are being taken.

The commissariat officer among the prisoners

Also known as the official in felt boots

An unnamed Russian officer in a commissariat uniform who loudly identifies the burned parts of Moscow as the prisoners pass.

The Polish officer among the prisoners

Also known as the third officer

An unnamed Russian officer whose accent is Polish; he disputes the commissariat officer’s identifications of Moscow’s districts.

The Russian soldier who escapes during the evacuation

Also known as the soldier who pretended to suffer from colic

An unnamed Russian prisoner who feigns colic and escapes during the confusion of the French departure from Moscow.

The Russian soldier beaten by a Frenchman

Also known as the Russian soldier

An unnamed Russian prisoner whom a French soldier beats for straying too far from the road.

The noncommissioned officer threatened with court-martial

Also known as the noncommissioned officer

An unnamed French NCO whom the captain threatens with court-martial after a Russian prisoner escapes.

The man whose body is set against the church palings

Also known as the dead man smeared with soot

An unnamed man whose soot-smeared body is propped against a church fence in Moscow. His death provokes horror and disgust among the passing prisoners.

The officer commanding the prisoner escort

Also known as the officer commanding the escort

An unnamed French officer who eventually forces the prisoner column through the congested baggage trains and onto the Kalúga road.

The German wounded by a sword during the halt

Also known as the German

An unnamed German in the French evacuation column who is badly wounded in the head during a fight among the carts.

The French guards who drive the prisoners from the church

Also known as the convoy guards · the French soldiers

Unnamed French escort soldiers who curse the prisoners and drive them away from the soot-smeared corpse.

The French convoy troops

Also known as the convoy

French soldiers and baggage personnel evacuating Moscow with the prisoners. Their march is chaotic, and the escort’s treatment of the prisoners grows harsher.

The French women fleeing Moscow

Also known as the women in the three carriages

Unnamed women in brightly colored clothing who ride in carriages among the French transport as the army leaves Moscow.

The French sentinel who stops Pierre

Also known as the sentinel

An unnamed French guard who orders Pierre back when he tries to visit the common soldier prisoners.

The man who approaches Pierre laughing

Also known as the inquisitive man

An unnamed man who comes to see why Pierre is laughing alone beside a cart during the night halt.

The envoy sent by Napoleon to Kutúzov in October

Also known as another envoy

An unnamed French envoy who brings Napoleon’s peace proposal to Kutúzov.

Dokhtúrov

A Russian general whose quiet reliability repeatedly puts him in command where the fighting is hardest. Kutúzov sends him to attack near Formínsk; when the whole French army unexpectedly arrives there, Dokhtúrov seeks instructions rather than acting without orders.

Dórokhov

Also known as Dórokhov’s guerrilla detachment

A Russian guerrilla commander whose report identifies French troops near Formínsk and prompts a proposed attack. He later plans with Denísov to capture a French convoy.

Broussier

Also known as General Broussier · Broussier’s division

A French general whose division is initially reported near Formínsk and targeted by a Russian detachment. The whole French army later arrives there.

Figner

Also known as Figner’s guerrilla detachment

A Russian guerrilla commander whose detachment is under Dokhtúrov’s command near Formínsk.

Seslávin

Also known as Seslávin’s guerrilla detachment

A Russian guerrilla commander who brings Dokhtúrov a captured French guardsman and news that Napoleon and the whole French army are at Formínsk.

The captured French guardsman

Also known as the French prisoner

An unnamed French guardsman captured by Seslávin. He tells the Russians that Napoleon is at Formínsk and the French army has left Moscow.

The house serf from Bórovsk

Also known as the house serf

An unnamed serf who reports seeing an immense army enter Bórovsk.

Bolkhovítinov

Also known as the courier from Dokhtúrov

A Russian officer chosen to carry Dokhtúrov’s urgent dispatch to headquarters and explain the situation in person. He rides through the night and reports that Napoleon and the whole French army have reached Formínsk.

The Cossack accompanying Bolkhovítinov

Also known as the Cossack with spare horses

An unnamed Cossack who accompanies Bolkhovítinov to headquarters with spare horses.

Shcherbínin

Also known as Konovnítsyn’s adjutant

Konovnítsyn’s adjutant, who receives Bolkhovítinov’s dispatch and wakes the general despite his illness.

The orderly at headquarters who hesitates to wake Konovnítsyn

Also known as the orderly

An unnamed orderly who warns Bolkhovítinov that Konovnítsyn is very ill and has not slept for three nights.

The footman lighting a candle for Kutúzov

Also known as the footman

An unnamed servant who lights a candle while Kutúzov receives the urgent report from Formínsk.

Mouton

Also known as the simple-minded soldier Mouton

A French soldier who says at the council of Málo-Yaroslávets that the army must get away as quickly as possible. His blunt statement gives voice to what the other French leaders already feel.

The Cossacks who nearly capture Napoleon

Also known as the Cossacks on the prowl for booty · les enfants du Don

Russian Cossacks who encounter Napoleon near Málo-Yaroslávets. They pursue plunder instead of capturing him, allowing him to escape.

Karp

Also known as the peasant Karp

A Russian peasant named as one of those who burned hay rather than sell it to the French. After the French leave Moscow, he and Vlas drive into the city to plunder.

Vlas

Also known as the peasant Vlas

A Russian peasant named alongside Karp as one of those who burned hay rather than sell it to the French. After the French leave Moscow, he and Karp drive into the city to plunder.

The Polish guerrilla commander

Also known as the Polish general

An unnamed commander of a large guerrilla detachment who invites Denísov to join an attack on the French convoy.

The German guerrilla commander

Also known as the German general

An unnamed commander of a large guerrilla detachment who invites Denísov to join an attack on the French convoy.

The French quartermasters sent ahead

Also known as the French quartermasters

Unnamed French officers sent ahead of the convoy, one of whom Denísov hopes Tíkhon Shcherbáty will capture for information.

The six Cossacks posted near Mikúlino

Also known as the Cossacks

Unnamed members of Denísov’s party stationed to watch the road and report the arrival of French columns.

Komaróv

Also known as the Cossack accompanying Pétya

A Cossack who rides with Pétya Rostóv to deliver the dispatch to Denísov.

The Cossack who captured the French drummer boy

Also known as the hussar

An unnamed hussar who rides with the captured French drummer boy seated behind him.

The doctor accompanying Prince Andrew

Also known as the doctor

An unnamed physician attending Prince Andrew. He describes the prince’s fever as malignant, but his assessment does not alter Natásha’s understanding of Andrew’s decline.

Count Bennigsen

Also known as Bennigsen · General Bennigsen

A senior Russian commander and Kutúzov’s chief of staff. He presses for an offensive, reports the French left flank’s vulnerability, and receives rewards after the confused battle of Tarútino.

Barclay de Tolly

Also known as Barclay · the Minister

A Russian commander who has left the army in displeasure. The narrator notes that his former post is among those to be filled after his departure.

Lanskóy

An unnamed commissariat official who tells Kutúzov that the army’s supplies lie across the Oká, prompting a turn away from the direct road to Nízhni.

The Russian troops retreating from Moscow

Also known as the troops · the main army

Russian soldiers who withdraw from Moscow toward the southern roads and establish themselves at Tarútino. After resting and regaining strength, they press toward an attack on the French.

Bennigsen’s confidential representative to the Emperor

Also known as the confidential representatives of the Emperor

An unnamed representative sent to watch Kutúzov’s actions and report to the Emperor amid strained relations at Russian headquarters.

Captain Yákovlev

Also known as Yákovlev

A Russian captain robbed and left in rags in Moscow. Napoleon sends him to Petersburg with a letter to Alexander, but Alexander does not receive him.

Tutólmin

An elderly man whom Napoleon sends to Petersburg to negotiate after explaining his views and magnanimity; Alexander does not receive him.

The inhabitants of Moscow

Also known as Russian Moscow society

Residents who flee or remain in Moscow during the French occupation. Napoleon’s proclamations urge them to return, but the narrator says these measures fail.

The French adjutant-general sent to Kutúzov

Also known as Lauriston

A French officer sent by Napoleon to discuss peace with Kutúzov. His mission is taken as a sign of the French army’s weakened condition.

General Kíkin

Also known as Kíkin

A Russian general whose country house hosts a gathering where Ermólov and other commanders are found celebrating.

The Horse Guards orderly carrying the dispositions

Also known as the young officer of the Horse Guards · the officer

An unnamed young officer entrusted with taking the Tarútino dispositions to Ermólov. He searches the camp for him and eventually finds him at a gathering beyond the lines.

Ermólov’s orderly

Also known as the orderly

An unnamed servant who tells the Horse Guards officer that Ermólov has gone out.

The short, red-faced general dancing at Échkino

Also known as Nicholas Iványch

An unnamed handsome general who dances the trepák at General Kíkin’s gathering, where the senior Russian commanders have assembled.

General Eýkhen

Also known as Eýkhen

An officer of the Russian general staff whom Kutúzov summons after discovering the Tarútino columns have not received orders to advance. Kutúzov angrily berates him despite his lack of responsibility for the error.

Captain Brózin

Also known as Brózin

A Russian captain who happens to arrive during Kutúzov’s outburst at Tarútino and is also berated despite not being responsible for the failure.

Count Orlóv-Denísov

Also known as Orlóv-Denísov · Count Orlóv

A Russian commander leading a Cossack detachment at Tarútino. He sends Major-General Grékov to investigate a deserter’s offer to capture Murat, then attacks the French camp and takes prisoners and guns.

The Polish sergeant who deserts

Also known as the deserter from the French army · the Polish sergeant

A sergeant in Poniatowski’s corps who defects to the Russians, resentful that he has not been made an officer. He claims Murat can be captured, but Orlóv-Denísov recalls the force sent with him.

Major-General Grékov

Also known as Grékov

A Russian general who rides with two Cossack regiments and the Polish deserter on an attempted mission to capture Murat. Orlóv-Denísov later recalls him before the main attack.

The Cossack officers seeking horses

Also known as the Cossack officers

Unnamed Russian officers who want to exploit the deserter’s information by capturing French horses.

The Cossack cornet who reports the deserter

Also known as the cornet

An unnamed officer who hears the deserter’s story and informs his commander.

The keen-sighted adjutant of Orlóv-Denísov

Also known as his keen-sighted adjutant

An unnamed adjutant who confirms that the French camp is beginning to stir.

Raévski

Also known as General Raévski

A Russian general beside Ermólov during the Tarútino operation. Ermólov quietly tells him that Kutúzov is making fun of him.

The Russian Cossacks at Tarútino

Also known as Orlóv-Denísov’s Cossacks · the Cossacks

Russian cavalrymen who surprise the French camp at Tarútino and capture many prisoners, guns, and horses. Their attention to securing and dividing the booty prevents them from pursuing the fleeing French.

General Bagovút

Also known as Bagovút

A placid but combative Russian general who angrily answers Toll’s reprimand and advances with a single division. He is killed by one of the first bullets as his troops move under fire.

The French left-flank troops at Tarútino

Also known as the French troops in Murat’s rear

French forces encamped near the Russian Cossacks at Tarútino. Caught unprepared by the attack, they flee, then regroup and fire when not pursued.

The Russian columns attacking at Tarútino

Also known as the belated columns · the infantry of the belated columns

Russian infantry columns commanded by Bennigsen and directed by Toll. Confused and delayed, most fail to reach their assigned positions and suffer losses without achieving the planned attack.

The Russian soldiers at Tarútino

Also known as the men

Russian troops who advance during the confused Tarútino operation. The narrator attributes the battle’s broader result to the army’s collective movement rather than any commander’s plan.

The officer who asks Kutúzov to advance

Also known as someone else

An unnamed officer who urges Kutúzov to attack at Tarútino; Kutúzov says it is too late to capture Murat or reach the intended position.

The generals at Échkino

Also known as the chief generals of the army

Russian commanders gathered at General Kíkin’s country house during the night before the Tarútino attack. They are celebrating while the dispositions remain undelivered.

The officer who tells the Horse Guards orderly about the gathering

Also known as the Cossack officer

An unnamed Cossack officer who directs the Horse Guards orderly to Échkino and tells him the generals are holding a lively gathering there.

The staff comrade who explains Ermólov’s delay

Also known as the comrade

An unnamed officer on the staff who tells the Horse Guards orderly that Ermólov’s absence was deliberate and intended to get Konovnítsyn into trouble.

The governor’s wife

Also known as Catherine Petróvna · Aunt

The governor’s wife and a friend of Countess Rostóva. She continues matchmaking between Nicholas Rostóv and Princess Mary, arranging a meeting at the bishop’s house and urging Nicholas to declare himself.

The governor of Vorónezh

Also known as the governor

An unnamed affable governor who helps Nicholas Rostóv find remount horses and hosts a special thanksgiving service for the Russian victory.

The governor’s wife’s niece, Princess Mary

Also known as Princess Mary Bolkónskaya · Princess Mary

Prince Andrew’s sister and Nicholas Rostóv’s prospective match. She loves Nicholas, then travels to Yaroslávl with her nephew to see her gravely ill brother; there she and Natásha become comrades in their grief.

The Rostóv family’s old nurse

Also known as the nurse

An unnamed longtime nurse in the Rostóv household who travels with Princess Mary and the young Prince Nicholas to Yaroslávl.

The courier sent ahead to Yaroslávl

Also known as the courier

An unnamed courier who travels ahead of Princess Mary to learn where the Rostóvs are staying and how Prince Andrew is. He reports that Andrew is still in the same condition.

The Prior at the Tróitsa monastery

Also known as the prior · the monk

An unnamed monk and prior of the monastery, an old acquaintance of the Rostóvs. He visits them at the monastery hostelry and advises Natásha to pray for divine aid.

The young footman accompanying Princess Mary

Also known as the footman

An unnamed young servant sent by Princess Mary’s aunt to accompany her on the difficult journey to Yaroslávl.

The monk greeting Natásha at Tróitsa

Also known as the monk · the prior

The prior of the Tróitsa monastery, who rises to greet Natásha and advises her to pray. The passage does not establish whether he is the same prior who visits the Rostóvs in the hostelry.

The French general with the white mustache

Also known as the general with the white mustache and red flushed face

An unnamed French general who presides over Pierre’s first interrogation and sternly records Pierre’s refusal to give his name.

The French marshal who decides the prisoners’ fate

Also known as the marshal

An unnamed French marshal whose decision the prisoners await. The text does not identify him.

The important French officer who takes the prisoners to the marshal

Also known as the officer probably on the staff · the officer

An unnamed senior French officer who orders the prisoners tidied before they are taken to the marshal.

Prince Shcherbátov

Also known as Prince Shcherbátov

A Russian prince whose large Moscow house is occupied by Marshal Davout and used for Pierre’s interrogation.

Davout’s adjutant

Also known as the adjutant

An unnamed officer who interrupts Davout’s questioning with news, prompting Davout to dress and forget Pierre; he later reminds Davout about the prisoner.

The two first Russian convicts executed

Also known as the first two prisoners

Two unnamed convicts, one tall and thin and the other dark and sinewy, who are the first prisoners shot before Pierre.

The third Russian prisoner executed

Also known as the domestic serf

An unnamed domestic serf, about forty-five years old, who is the third prisoner shot.

The fourth Russian prisoner executed

Also known as the peasant

An unnamed, handsome peasant with a broad light-brown beard and black eyes, who is the fourth prisoner shot.

The factory lad executed before Pierre

Also known as the fifth prisoner · the workman · the factory hand

An unnamed eighteen-year-old factory worker who is executed in front of Pierre. Terrified, he clutches at Pierre before being taken to the post.

The French official who reads the sentence

Also known as the official wearing a scarf

An unnamed French official who reads the prisoners’ sentence in Russian and French before the executions.

The French officer commanding the firing squad

Also known as the officer in command

An unnamed French officer who orders the prisoners executed in pairs.

The French sharpshooters at the execution

Also known as the twelve sharpshooters · the twenty-four sharpshooters

Unnamed French soldiers who fire on the prisoners. One young sharpshooter remains shaken beside the pit after the execution.

The old French soldier at the execution

Also known as the old Frenchman with a thick mustache

An unnamed French soldier who trembles as he unties the executed factory lad from the post.

The noncommissioned officer who leads the shaken sharpshooter away

Also known as the old noncommissioned officer

An unnamed French NCO who takes a young, badly shaken sharpshooter by the elbow and leads him back to his company.

The French soldier who comments on the execution

Also known as the soldier

An unnamed French soldier who says the executions will teach people not to start fires, then leaves in distress.

Platón Karatáev’s father

Also known as Father

Platón’s father, who explains that Platón’s conscription spared his younger brother Michael from military service and asks the family to honor Platón.

Michael, Platón Karatáev’s younger brother

Also known as Michael the youngest

Platón Karatáev’s younger brother, who stayed at home when Platón was conscripted. Platón says his brother had five children and would otherwise have had to serve.

Platón Karatáev’s wife

Also known as the wife he left behind · the young woman

Platón Karatáev’s unnamed wife, whom he left behind when conscripted. Their daughter died before he went to serve.

Platón Karatáev’s daughter

Also known as the little girl

Platón Karatáev’s unnamed young daughter, who died before he became a soldier.

Michael’s wife

Also known as the young woman

The unnamed wife of Platón Karatáev’s younger brother Michael, who bows before Platón at their father’s request.

Michael’s five children

Also known as the five little ones · the grandchildren

The five unnamed children of Platón Karatáev’s younger brother Michael, whom their grandfather asks to bow before Platón.

The soldier who tells stories in the shed

Also known as the soldier who used to tell folk tales

An unnamed prisoner who tells familiar folk tales in the shed; Platón Karatáev enjoys listening to him.

Peter, Prince Andrew’s servant

Also known as Peter the valet · the valet · Prince Andrew’s valet traveling with him

Prince Andrew’s servant, who wakes and rouses the doctor after Natásha visits Andrew at night.

Timókhin

Also known as Captain Timókhin · Prokhór Ignátych · the red-nosed major of Prince Andrew’s regiment

An officer in Prince Andrew’s regiment, wounded in the leg at Borodinó. He stays awake through the night in pain and witnesses Andrew and Natásha’s reconciliation.

The maid sent by Countess Rostóva

Also known as the maid

An unnamed maid sent to find Natásha after her mother notices she is missing. She knocks at the door of Prince Andrew’s room.

The French general in the Povarskóy

Also known as the general

An unnamed French general directing people near the fire in the Povarskóy when Pierre arrives to help rescue a child.

The Frenchman with a spot on his cheek

Also known as the black-eyed Frenchman

A French soldier who helps Pierre find and rescue a three-year-old girl from a burning house. He points out the child, then returns to his comrades.

The three-year-old girl rescued by Pierre

Also known as the little girl · the youngest daughter

The youngest daughter of Mary Nikoláevna, found alone in a garden near a burning house. Pierre carries her to safety and later returns her to her mother.

Mary Nikoláevna

Also known as the woman in a black cloak and cap · the civil servant’s wife

A distressed mother fleeing the Moscow fire with her family and belongings. Her youngest daughter, Katie, is missing, and she begs Pierre to find her.

The civilian official, husband of Mary Nikoláevna

Also known as the short, round-shouldered man

Mary Nikoláevna’s husband, who moves their belongings while she searches for their missing daughter. She angrily accuses him of abandoning the child.

The old nurse carrying Mary Nikoláevna’s son

Also known as the nurse

An unnamed nurse carrying Mary Nikoláevna’s crying young son as the family flees the fire.

Aníska

Also known as the dirty maidservant · the maid

Mary Nikoláevna’s maid, who leads Pierre toward the burning lodging where the child was left.

The two French soldiers who attack the Armenian family

Also known as the French marauders

Two unnamed French soldiers looting an Armenian family’s belongings. One takes the old man’s boots while the other attacks the young woman and steals her necklace; Pierre intervenes.

The old Armenian man

Also known as the old man of Oriental type

An unnamed Armenian family patriarch whom a French soldier robs of his boots during the Moscow fire.

The old Armenian woman

Also known as the old woman of Oriental type

An unnamed elderly member of the Armenian family targeted by French soldiers during the Moscow fire.

The young Armenian woman

Also known as the beautiful Armenian girl

A strikingly beautiful young woman in the Armenian family. A French soldier grabs her and tears away her necklace before Pierre intervenes.

The French interpreter from a Moscow shop

Also known as the interpreter · the French salesman

An unnamed French shop salesman in civilian clothes who interprets for the patrol questioning Pierre after his fight with French soldiers.

The French patrol officer who questions Pierre

Also known as the officer · the lieutenant

An unnamed French officer who arrests Pierre and questions him about his identity and weapon.

The five Russian suspects arrested by the French patrol

Also known as the small shopkeeper · the two seminary students · the peasant · the house serf

Five unnamed Russians arrested by the French patrol as suspected incendiaries: a shopkeeper, two seminary students, a peasant, and a house serf.

Durosnel

Also known as General Durosnel

A French general whose order sends patrols through Moscow to stop looting and arrest suspected incendiaries.

The Italian physician treating Hélène

Also known as the Italian doctor · the private physician of the Queen of Spain

An unnamed doctor treating Hélène with an unusual method. After her death, he produces letters from her, and Prince Vasíli and the old count drop their accusations against him.

Empress Elisabeth

Also known as the Empress

An empress who says she will be the last to leave Petersburg, while Empress Márya orders the institutions under her patronage evacuated to Kazán.

The Bishop who sends the icon of the Venerable Sergius

Also known as His Lordship the Bishop

An unnamed bishop whose patriotic letter accompanying an icon is read at Anna Pávlovna’s soiree.

Colonel Michaud

Also known as Michaud

A French-born colonel serving Russia, described as Russian in heart and soul. He brings Kutúzov’s news of Moscow’s abandonment to Emperor Alexander and reassures him that the army remains eager to fight.

Túchkov

Also known as General Túchkov

A Russian general named among the losses in Kutúzov’s report after Borodinó.

Kutáysov

Also known as General Kutáysov

A young Russian commander whose death at Borodinó becomes a focus of grief in Petersburg society.

The Russian messenger who brings news of Moscow

Also known as the country gentleman

An unnamed country gentleman whose arrival in Petersburg brings news that Moscow has surrendered to the French.

The Russian interpreter and messenger, Michaud’s companion

Also known as the messenger from Kutúzov

Michaud, a Frenchman who does not know Russian, sent by Kutúzov to report Moscow’s abandonment to the Emperor.

The militia commander in Vorónezh

Also known as the civilian general

An unnamed elderly civilian general commanding the militia. He receives Nicholas Rostóv brusquely and questions him with an air of authority.

The old cavalryman and horse breeder

Also known as the landowner

An unnamed bachelor and former cavalryman who sells Nicholas Rostóv seventeen stallions and hosts him for dinner.

The Italian prisoner at the governor’s party

Also known as the French army officer

An unnamed French army officer held as a prisoner in Vorónezh. Nicholas treats him courteously and regards him as a symbol of his own status as a Russian war hero.

The blonde wife of a provincial official

Also known as the blue-eyed blonde

An unnamed married woman at the governor’s party who flirts with Nicholas Rostóv. Her husband grows increasingly somber as the evening progresses.

The provincial official married to the blonde

Also known as Nikíta Iványch · the husband

An unnamed official whose wife is the blonde woman Nicholas flirts with at the governor’s party. He reacts uneasily to Nicholas’s attentions.

Anna Ignátyevna Malvíntseva

Also known as Malvíntseva

Princess Mary’s wealthy, childless maternal aunt, who lives in Vorónezh. She invites Nicholas Rostóv to visit and asks about Mary, her late father, and Prince Andrew.

The young Vereshchágin

Also known as Vereshchágin · the tradesman’s son

The son of the restaurant keeper Vereshchágin, condemned to hard labor over a proclamation Rostopchín calls treasonous. Rostopchín hands him to the crowd, which beats him to death.

The crowd members who call for law and order

Also known as voices in the crowd

Unnamed residents in the crowd at Rostopchín’s house. They first hesitate, then surge forward and beat Vereshchágin to death; afterward, some express horror and regret.

The dragoon officer who orders Vereshchágin struck

Also known as the dragoon officer

An unnamed officer who draws his saber and urges the soldiers to strike Vereshchágin. He later helps free the tall youth from the crowd.

The soldier who strikes Vereshchágin

Also known as one of the soldiers

An unnamed soldier who strikes Vereshchágin on the head with the blunt side of his saber, starting the crowd’s attack.

The tall youth at Vereshchágin’s killing

Also known as the tall youth · the tall lad

An unnamed young man who stands beside Vereshchágin as the crowd closes in. He seizes Vereshchágin, falls with him under the crowd, and is beaten nearly to death before the dragoons pull him free.

The police officer who orders the corpse removed

Also known as the painstaking police officer

An unnamed police officer who considers a corpse in Rostopchín’s courtyard improper and tells the dragoons to remove Vereshchágin’s body.

The dragoons removing Vereshchágin’s body

Also known as two dragoons

Two unnamed mounted soldiers who drag Vereshchágin’s corpse out of Rostopchín’s courtyard.

Rostopchín’s coachman

Also known as the coachman

An unnamed driver who takes Rostopchín to his country house in Sokólniki and later drives him toward the Yaúza bridge.

Rostopchín’s dragoons

Also known as his dragoons

Unnamed mounted soldiers accompanying Rostopchín in his calèche. They help pull the tall youth from the crowd and witness Rostopchín encounter a released lunatic.

The released lunatic who runs beside Rostopchín’s calèche

Also known as the lunatic

An unnamed man released from the lunatic asylum who runs after Rostopchín, claiming to have been killed and risen from the dead and prophesying the overthrow of God’s kingdom.

The French interpreter who questions the Moscow crowd

Also known as the interpreter

An unnamed interpreter who rides up to Murat’s party, asks an old porter for directions to the Kremlin, and relays Murat’s question about the Russian army.

The old porter questioned by Murat’s interpreter

Also known as the old porter

An unnamed Moscow porter who does not understand the interpreter’s unfamiliar Polish-accented Russian and slips behind the crowd.

The French officer reporting from the Kremlin

Also known as the French officer returning from the advanced detachment

An unnamed officer who reports to Murat that the Kremlin gates are barricaded and may conceal an ambush.

The French general beside the guns at the Kremlin

Also known as the general standing by the guns

An unnamed general who orders an officer and infantrymen back after shots are fired from the Kremlin gate.

The bareheaded Russian defender at the Kremlin gate

Also known as the man in a peasant’s coat

An unnamed man who appears through the smoke at the Kremlin gate, aims a musket at the French, and is killed.

The Russian defenders at the Kremlin gate

Also known as the men in peasant coats

Unnamed defenders who fire at the French from behind barricades at the Kremlin gate. Some are killed or wounded, while two escape toward the Známenka.

The French officer who enters Pierre’s house

Also known as Captain Ramballe · M. Ramballe · the captain · the French officer

Captain Ramballe of the 13th Light Regiment, a French officer wounded at Wagram, Smolénsk, and Borodinó. Pierre saves him when Makár Alexéevich fires a pistol; Ramballe befriends Pierre, shares a meal and wine with him, and hears his story.

Makár Alexéevich

Also known as Joseph Bazdéev’s half-brother · the tall, bald-headed old man with a red nose

Joseph Bazdéev’s half-brother, described as half-insane and a hard drinker. Drunk and imagining himself a defender against the French, he seizes Pierre’s pistol and fires at Captain Ramballe; Pierre saves him from punishment.

The French soldiers who enter Pierre’s house

Also known as the soldiers

Unnamed French soldiers who come into Pierre’s house after hearing the pistol shot. Ramballe sends them away and later tells them they will be called if needed.

The senior sergeant of the Württemberg hussars

Also known as the senior sergeant · the quartermaster of the regiment

An unnamed German-speaking sergeant who tells Captain Ramballe that his commander ordered the regiment to occupy houses. Pierre translates between them, and the sergeant takes his men elsewhere.

The Württemberg hussars arriving at Pierre’s house

Also known as the hussars

A group of unnamed cavalrymen who arrive seeking stabling for their horses. Their claim to the yard is settled when Pierre translates between their sergeant and Captain Ramballe.

Pierre’s coachman

Also known as the coachman

An unnamed driver who takes Pierre through Moscow when he leaves home to pursue his plan to kill Napoleon.

The Rostóvs’ household servants and coachmen

Also known as the servants and coachmen

Unnamed workers who attend to the Rostóv family and their wounded companions during the night at Mytíshchi.

The wounded officers’ orderlies

Also known as the orderlies of the wounded officers

Unnamed attendants who care for their wounded masters at Mytíshchi.

The Rostóvs’ wounded officer

Also known as the adjutant of Raévski · Raévski’s adjutant

An unnamed officer serving under General Raévski, now traveling with the Rostóvs with a fractured wrist. His continual, piteous moaning distresses the countess and deeply affects Natásha.

Daniel Teréntich

Also known as Old Daniel Teréntich · the count’s valet

The Rostóv count’s longtime valet. While the household watches the distant fires, he recognizes that Moscow is burning and breaks down sobbing.

Míshka

Also known as the page boy Míshka · Vasílich’s grandson

Vasílich’s grandson, who remains with the Rostóv household. At Mytíshchi, Daniel Teréntich scolds him for watching the fire instead of gathering the count’s clothes.

Madame Schoss

Also known as Louisa Ivánovna · Louisa Ivánovna (Madame Schoss)

A governess in the Rostóv household. She accompanies the family at Mytíshchi and sleeps in the same room as the countess, Sónya, and Natásha.

The doctor traveling with Prince Andrew

Also known as the doctor

An unnamed physician accompanying Prince Andrew. He expects Andrew’s abdominal wounds and fever to prove fatal, but is surprised when the prince’s condition improves; he treats the wound and promises to get him the Gospels.

The two orderlies traveling with Prince Andrew

Also known as the orderlies

Two unnamed attendants accompanying Prince Andrew during the evacuation from Moscow.

The sleeping man in the passage at Mytíshchi

Also known as the sleeping man

An unnamed man asleep on the floor of the hut’s passage; Natásha steps over him on her way to see Prince Andrew.

The Rostóv cook

Also known as the cook

An unnamed household cook who rushes into the vestibule after hearing knocking and cries that four horsemen have arrived.

The cricket in the hut wall

Also known as the cricket

A cricket chirping in a crack in the wall while the Rostóvs and Madame Schoss try to sleep at Mytíshchi.

The cocks near the hut

Also known as the cocks

Unnamed cocks whose crowing Natásha hears during the night at Mytíshchi.

Berg

Also known as Lieutenant Berg · Alphonse Kárlovich

Véra Rostóva’s husband and a colonel serving as an assistant on the First Army’s staff. Visiting Moscow, he praises the army’s heroism and asks his father-in-law for a cart to buy furniture for Véra, even as wounded men need transport.

Vasílich

Also known as the major-domo

A senior Rostóv household servant who oversees packing. He tells Pétya that the count wants the carts given to the wounded and remains in Moscow with his grandson Míshka.

The Rostóvs’ household servants and workers

Also known as the servants · the whole household

Unnamed household workers who help pack and prepare the family’s departure. Once the count confirms Natásha’s order, they eagerly unload possessions and fill the carts with wounded men.

The wounded officers and soldiers seeking transport

Also known as the wounded · the wounded men

Unnamed wounded people who are taken into the Rostóvs’ carts as the family evacuates Moscow. News of the available carts brings additional wounded from neighboring houses.

The orderly helping a wounded officer

Also known as the orderly

An unnamed attendant who helps a wounded officer climb into one of the Rostóvs’ carts.

The Rostóvs’ wounded prince

Also known as Prince Andrew Bolkónski · the wounded prince · Prince Bolkónski

Prince Andrew, Natásha’s former fiancée, mortally wounded and being carried from Moscow in a calèche. The Rostóvs take him with their departing household, though Natásha does not know he is in the procession.

The Rostóvs’ housemaid who identifies Prince Andrew

Also known as the maid

An unnamed maid who tells Sónya that the wounded prince in the calèche is Prince Bolkónski, Natásha’s former intended.

Mávra Kuzmínichna

Also known as the former housekeeper · old Mávra Kuzmínichna

The Rostóvs’ former housekeeper, an elderly woman who stays behind in Moscow. She gives money from her own savings to a young officer who is Count Rostóv’s kinsman.

Dunyásha

Also known as the maid

Princess Mary’s maid, who is to travel with the countess in the carriage. She rearranges the countess’s seat during the family’s departure from Moscow.

The old coachman Efím

Also known as Efím · the coachman

The coachman trusted by Countess Rostóva, with thirty years’ experience driving her. He waits patiently through the family’s lengthy preparations, then leads their departure from Moscow.

Falcon

Also known as the chestnut near-side horse

The chestnut horse in the countess’s carriage team, restless as the family prepares to leave Moscow.

The postilion

An unnamed driver riding with the carriage team who starts the horses when Efím gives the order to depart.

The officer who is Count Rostóv’s kinsman

Also known as the young officer

An unnamed eighteen-year-old officer and relative of Count Rostóv who arrives in Moscow after the family has left, hoping to ask the count for help because his clothes are worn out and he has no money. Mávra Kuzmínichna gives him twenty-five rubles.

Ignát

Also known as the yard porter · Uncle Ignát

The Rostóvs’ yard porter, who remains in Moscow and admires his reflection in the drawing-room mirror.

The tall lad at the dramshop

Also known as the tall young fellow · the youth with the turned-up sleeve

An unnamed factory hand who leads a group of workers drinking at a dramshop, then helps turn a dispute into a crowd demanding answers about Moscow’s fate. He urges the crowd to pursue the police superintendent.

The factory hands at the dramshop

Also known as the workmen

Unnamed factory workers drinking at a dramshop under the tall lad’s leadership. They follow him into a fight with nearby blacksmiths and join the crowd afterward.

The blacksmiths from the neighboring smithy

Also known as the smiths

Unnamed workers who try to enter the dramshop, prompting a fight with its publican and the factory hands.

The publican at the dramshop

Also known as the tavern keeper

An unnamed dramshop keeper who fights a blacksmith during a dispute with the factory hands, then returns to his tavern as the crowd moves away.

The smith with the bloodied face

Also known as the first smith · the bloodstained smith

An unnamed blacksmith who is injured in the tavern fight and claims that a man has been killed, drawing a crowd.

The woman who cries murder

Also known as the woman coming out of a gate

An unnamed woman who hears the tavern dispute and cries out that a man has been beaten to death.

The man reading Rostopchín’s broadsheet

Also known as the shopman in a frieze coat · the reader

An unnamed shop worker who reads Count Rostopchín’s August 31 broadsheet to the crowd. He explains to the police superintendent that the crowd means to serve against the French.

The police superintendent

Also known as the superintendent of police

An unnamed official who tries to address a crowd assembled after reading Rostopchín’s broadsheet. He says the count is still in Moscow and rides away as the crowd pursues him.

The police superintendent’s coachman

Also known as the coachman

An unnamed driver who stops and then speeds up the superintendent’s trap as the crowd gathers and gives chase.

The two mounted dragoons accompanying the police superintendent

Also known as the two dragoons

Unnamed mounted guards who accompany the police superintendent’s trap through the crowd.

The thin shopkeeper Iván Sidórych

Also known as Iván Sidórych · the thin, stern-looking shopkeeper

A shopkeeper with three shops in the Bazaar and goods he says are worth one hundred thousand rubles. He insists that the shops cannot be saved once the army leaves.

The first shopkeeper appealing to the officer

Also known as the tradesman

An unnamed shopkeeper who asks a Russian officer to protect the shops and offers him cloth in return.

The other shopkeepers in the Bazaar

Also known as the shopkeepers

Unnamed tradesmen who plead for protection as soldiers loot the Bazaar during the evacuation.

The shopkeepers’ assistants

Also known as the assistants

Unnamed workers who help the few remaining tradesmen carry goods away from their shops.

The officers trying to clear the Bazaar

Also known as the officers

Unnamed officers who attempt to stop soldiers from looting the Bazaar and manage the crowding at the bridges.

The officer in a scarf

Also known as the officer with a scarf over his uniform

An unnamed mounted officer who dismounts and enters the Bazaar arcade with a drummer to drive soldiers out.

The third officer who gallops up

Also known as the third officer

An unnamed officer who arrives in the Bazaar and reports that the general has ordered the soldiers driven out.

The drummer in the Bazaar

Also known as the drummer

An unnamed drummer who accompanies the officer in a scarf into the Bazaar arcade.

The peasant woman shrieking on the cart

Also known as the woman on the cart

An unnamed woman sitting atop a loaded cart with a child’s chair and four borzois during the crush at the Moskvá bridge. She screams as General Ermólov orders guns unlimbered to clear the crowd.

The small, sallow-faced old man with Pierre

Also known as the beardless old man · the old man who looked like a footman

Gerásim, the former servant of Joseph Bazdéev, who accompanies Pierre in disguise to buy a pistol. He points Pierre out to Natásha as they pass the Rostóv carriage.

Joseph Alexéevich Bazdéev

Also known as Joseph Alexéevich · the Mason at the Torzhók post station · the stranger · the traveler

A stern, reflective Freemason and Pierre’s spiritual mentor, now deceased. Pierre takes up residence in his empty house and studies his Masonic manuscripts.

The Frenchman bringing Hélène’s letter

Also known as the Frenchman

An unnamed French visitor who brings Pierre a letter from his estranged wife, Hélène.

The major-domo in Pierre’s Moscow house

Also known as Pierre’s major-domo

An unnamed senior servant who twice tells Pierre that a French visitor is waiting with a letter from Hélène and that someone from Bazdéev’s widow has come.

Sophia Danílovna Bazdéeva

Also known as the widow Bazdéev · Sophia Danílovna

Joseph Bazdéev’s widow, who leaves for her country estate with her children and authorizes Pierre to take Bazdéev’s books.

The Bazdéevs’ children

Also known as the children

The unnamed children of Sophia Danílovna and Joseph Bazdéev, who leave Moscow with their mother.

Gerásim

Also known as the old servant · the sallow beardless old man

A former servant of Joseph Bazdéev whom Pierre remembers from Torzhók. He welcomes Pierre to the Bazdéev house, procures a coachman’s coat and cap for him, and agrees to obtain a pistol.

The cabman Pierre hires

Also known as the cabman

An unnamed driver who takes Pierre to the Bazdéevs’ house at the Patriarch’s Ponds.

The innkeeper in the Dorogomílov suburb

Also known as the innkeeper

An unnamed innkeeper whose establishment Napoleon uses after learning that Moscow has been deserted.

Napoleon’s interpreter

Also known as Lelorgne d’Ideville · the interpreter

Napoleon’s interpreter, summoned while the Emperor studies a plan of Moscow on Poklónny Hill.

The general sent to fetch the boyars

Also known as a general with a brilliant suite

An unnamed French general sent by Napoleon to fetch a deputation of Moscow’s boyars.

The boyars of Moscow

Also known as the boyars · the deputation

The Russian notables Napoleon expects to meet and address after entering Moscow. No delegation appears because the city has been abandoned.

Napoleon’s generals and marshals at Poklónny Hill

Also known as the gentlemen of the suite

Unnamed French commanders and courtiers who learn that Moscow is empty and hesitate over how to tell Napoleon that no boyar deputation will arrive.

The few people remaining in Moscow

Also known as the remaining inhabitants

Unnamed residents, perhaps one fiftieth of Moscow’s former population, who remain as the city empties. Some wander aimlessly, following old habits.

The Russian troops evacuating Moscow

Also known as the troops · the main army

Russian soldiers who withdraw through Moscow toward the Ryazán road, carrying away wounded men and the remaining inhabitants. Congestion at the bridges causes disorder and looting.

The Russian rear guard in the Dorogomílov suburb

Also known as the rear guard

The last Russian troops to remain on Moscow’s near side after the main army has crossed the city.

The soldiers looting the Bazaar

Also known as the looting soldiers

Unnamed Russian soldiers who take goods from shops during the army’s passage through Moscow and evade officers trying to stop them.

The shaven-headed soldier thrown from a shop

Also known as the man in a gray coat

An unnamed soldier in a gray coat who is violently thrown out of a Bazaar shop.

The infantrymen without muskets

Also known as the three infantrymen

Three unnamed soldiers slipping into the Bazaar passage with their coat skirts raised; an officer calls them rascals.

The soldiers and civilians crowding the Moskvá bridge

Also known as the crowd at the bridge

Unnamed soldiers and civilians caught in a crush at the Moskvá bridge during the evacuation. They scatter when Ermólov orders guns to be pointed at the bridge.

The people gathering in the police superintendent’s courtyard

Also known as the crowd · the mob

A crowd of Moscow residents who gather after Rostopchín’s broadsheet and prepare to serve against the French. They pursue the police superintendent, believing he can explain the city’s fate.

The bootmakers on Moroséyka

Also known as the bootmakers

A group of thin, worn-out workers who join the crowd after complaining that their employer has misled them and left them unpaid.

The thin bootmaker who complains about his employer

Also known as the thin workingman

An unnamed bootmaker who says his employer has taken the workers’ labor and then left them in hardship.

The French forces entering Moscow

Also known as the French

Napoleon’s army, which enters Moscow through several gates after no deputation appears and the Russian troops withdraw.

Malásha

Also known as Andrew Savostyánov’s six-year-old granddaughter

Andrew Savostyánov’s six-year-old granddaughter, who watches the council of war from the oven. She sees it as a personal contest between Kutúzov, whom she favors, and Bennigsen, whom she calls “Long-coat.”

The generals at the council of war at Filí

Also known as the generals

Unnamed Russian commanders who debate Bennigsen’s proposed attack and the army’s retreat. After Kutúzov orders withdrawal, they disperse solemnly and some speak to him privately.

Schneider

Also known as Kutúzov’s adjutant

An unnamed adjutant to Kutúzov, addressed as Schneider. He advises Kutúzov to rest after the council at Filí.

The wealthy classes leaving Moscow

Also known as the rich educated people

Unnamed affluent, educated Muscovites who leave the city before its occupation, abandoning much of their property. The narrator presents their departure as an instinctive act of patriotism.

The poor people remaining in Moscow

Also known as the poor people

Unnamed poorer residents who remain as the French approach and burn or destroy what they leave behind.

The lady who moved to her Sarátov estate

Also known as the lady

An unnamed woman who left Moscow in June with her Black servants and female entertainers. The narrator presents her departure as a simple, instinctive act that helped save Russia.

The Black servants and female entertainers accompanying the lady

Also known as her Negroes and her women jesters

Unnamed members of the lady’s household who accompany her from Moscow to her Sarátov estate.

Father Augustin

Also known as Augustin

A priest whom Rostopchín at one point forbids to remove icons or relics of saints from Moscow.

Leppich

Also known as the balloon’s builder

A person constructing a balloon that Rostopchín has transported out of Moscow on commandeered carts.

Madame Aubert-Chalmé

Also known as Aubert-Chalmé

A woman described as the center of Moscow’s French colony. Rostopchín allows her to remain in Moscow despite expelling other French residents.

Klyucharëv

Also known as the venerable old postmaster · the Postmaster

Moscow’s elderly postmaster, whom Rostopchín has arrested and exiled. Pierre defends him, while Rostopchín accuses him of harmful conduct.

The restaurant keeper Vereshchágin

Also known as Vereshchágin’s father · the old man

An elderly Moscow tradesman and restaurant keeper, father of the young man imprisoned over a proclamation. He comes to Rostopchín to intercede for his son.

Gabriel Ivánovich

Also known as the official who investigated the proclamation

An unnamed official addressed as Gabriel Ivánovich who investigated how the proclamation passed through sixty-three hands.

The short old man who leaves Rostopchín’s room

Also known as the short man

An unnamed man speaking with Rostopchín when Pierre enters the governor’s private room; he stops and leaves.

The officials waiting at Rostopchín’s house

Also known as the heads of the various government departments

Unnamed civil and military officials who gather at Rostopchín’s home seeking instructions as Moscow faces evacuation.

Vasílchikov

A person who, with Plátov, tells Rostopchín that Moscow cannot be defended and must be surrendered.

The courier from the army at Rostopchín’s house

Also known as the courier

An unnamed army courier who leaves Rostopchín’s private room as Pierre enters the reception room.

The elderly official wearing a star

Also known as the old gentleman

An unnamed official wearing a star who approaches Rostopchín’s adjutant during Pierre’s wait.

The German official wearing a cross

Also known as the other official

An unnamed German official wearing a cross who approaches Rostopchín’s adjutant with an elderly official.

The young foreign prince pursuing Hélène

Also known as the young foreigner · the prince · His Highness

An unnamed foreign prince who has an intimacy with Hélène and seeks to marry her. She tells him she will marry him if he accepts her position and claims that her living husband will agree to a divorce.

The elderly magnate pursuing Hélène

Also known as the grandee · the old count

An unnamed elderly man holding one of the Empire’s highest posts who is intimate with Hélène and seeks to marry her. She tells him marriage is the way to secure a right over her.

Monsieur de Jobert

Also known as the Jesuit à robe courte · Hélène’s future directeur de conscience

An older French lay member of the Society of Jesus who instructs Hélène in Catholic beliefs and guides her conversion.

The long-frocked abbé

Also known as the abbé · Hélène’s Father Confessor

An unnamed Catholic clergyman brought to Hélène to hear her confession and advise her about the validity of her marriage. He argues that her marriage vows remain binding, while she presses him to find grounds for remarriage.

The holy brethren of the Society of Jesus

Also known as the Jesuits

Unnamed members of the Society of Jesus, whom the young prince consults about Hélène’s proposed marriage.

Hélène’s intimate friends

Also known as her friends

Unnamed Petersburg society friends to whom Hélène openly says that both the prince and the elderly magnate have proposed and that she loves them both.

Márya Dmítrievna Akhrosímova

Also known as Márya Dmítrievna · le terrible dragon

A frank, plain-spoken Moscow society woman. In Petersburg she publicly rebukes Hélène for proposing to marry while Pierre is alive.

Bilíbin

A Russian diplomat and clever society acquaintance of Hélène. He advises her to marry the elderly magnate first, then the prince, and asks whether Pierre will agree to a divorce.

Hélène’s mother

Also known as Princess Kurágina · the old princess

Prince Vasíli’s wife and Hélène’s mother. Jealous of her daughter’s prospects, she consults a Russian priest and objects to Hélène remarrying while Pierre is alive, but is swayed by the young prince’s appearance.

The Russian priest consulted by Hélène’s mother

Also known as the priest

An unnamed priest who tells Hélène’s mother that divorce and remarriage while a husband is alive are impossible, citing the Gospel.

The lady companion living with Hélène

Also known as the lady companion

An unnamed woman living with Hélène who announces that the young prince is waiting to see her.

Anatole Kurágin

Also known as Anatole

Prince Vasíli’s younger son and Hélène’s brother, secretly married to a Polish landowner’s daughter. He has died by the time Pierre reaches Moscow after Borodinó.

The soldiers who share food with Pierre

Also known as the three soldiers

Three unnamed Russian soldiers who make a fire, share their food with Pierre, and escort him toward Mozháysk.

Pierre’s groom at Górki

Also known as the groom · the discharged soldier

An unnamed discharged soldier who serves as Pierre’s groom. He finds Pierre on the hill near Mozháysk and later wakes him, repeating the words from Pierre’s dream as he urges him to harness.

The orderly passing through the inn yard

Also known as someone’s orderly

An unnamed orderly who walks through the inn yard at night and speaks to the innkeeper.

The innkeeper at Mozháysk

Also known as the innkeeper

An unnamed innkeeper whose crowded inn has no room for Pierre. He later tells Pierre that French forces are near Mozháysk and Russian troops are leaving.

The coachman who tells Pierre about the French

Also known as the coachman

An unnamed driver who, with Pierre’s groom and the innkeeper, tells him that the French are near Mozháysk and the Russian troops are departing.

The wounded general Pierre knows

Also known as the wounded general

An unnamed Russian general whom Pierre knows and gives a place in his carriage while they travel from Mozháysk to Moscow.

The wounded soldiers left at Mozháysk

Also known as the wounded

Unnamed Russian soldiers left behind as the army withdraws; many lie in yards, houses, and streets, while others struggle to obtain transport.

The officer who brings news to Pierre in Mozháysk

Also known as the officer

An unnamed officer whose news that the French are near Mozháysk is relayed to Pierre by the innkeeper, groom, and coachman.

Count Rostopchín’s adjutant

Also known as the adjutant

An unnamed officer who meets Pierre near Moscow’s gates and says Rostopchín urgently wants to see him.

The Moscow commander in chief’s officials

Also known as the officials

Unnamed civil and military staff members who crowd Rostopchín’s anteroom seeking orders as Moscow is about to fall.

The courier from the army who leaves Rostopchín

Also known as the courier

An unnamed army courier who exits Rostopchín’s private room shortly before Pierre enters.

The man who knows Pierre in Rostopchín’s reception room

Also known as one of the men

An unnamed man among the officials whom Pierre knows; he greets Pierre before resuming his conversation.

The man holding Rostopchín’s broadsheet

Also known as another

An unnamed man in the reception room who points to a printed broadsheet while discussing orders.

Rostopchín’s adjutant discussing the proclamation

Also known as the adjutant

An unnamed officer serving Rostopchín who explains the case against the young Vereshchágin and gossips with Pierre about Hélène.

The restaurant keeper’s father

Also known as the father

The elderly Vereshchágin, who comes to Rostopchín seeking help for his imprisoned son.

The old attendant accompanying the wounded prince

Also known as the venerable old attendant · the old servant

An unnamed elderly attendant who rides beside the driver of a covered calèche carrying a wounded man. He says they do not expect the man to survive the journey home.

The doctor accompanying the wounded prince

Also known as the doctor

An unnamed physician who follows the covered calèche carrying Prince Andrew and approves the offer to take him into the Rostóvs’ house.

The two soldiers accompanying the wounded prince

Also known as the two soldiers

Two unnamed soldiers who follow the calèche carrying the wounded Prince Andrew.

The wounded officer at the Rostóvs’ gate

Also known as the pale young officer · the officer with a bandaged arm

An unnamed wounded officer who asks Count Rostóv to let him ride in one of the family’s carts.

The elderly orderly asking for transport

Also known as the elderly orderly

An unnamed orderly who asks Count Rostóv for a place in a cart on behalf of his wounded master.

The officers and orderlies seeking transport

Also known as the wounded officers and their orderlies

Unnamed wounded officers and their attendants who come to the Rostóvs’ house seeking places in carts to leave Moscow.

Sónya’s letter from Nicholas

Also known as Nicholas’s letter

A letter from Nicholas Rostóv that mentions his meeting with Princess Mary and prompts the countess’s hopes for their marriage.

Obolénski’s regiment of Cossacks

Also known as the regiment

A Cossack regiment assembling near Bélaya Tsérkov, which Pétya joins before being transferred to another regiment near Moscow.

The three sons of the countess’s acquaintance

Also known as the three sons

Three unnamed young men killed in the war, whose deaths intensify Countess Rostóva’s fear for her sons.

The countess’s acquaintance

Also known as one of her acquaintances

An unnamed woman whose three sons have been killed in the war.

The stout major in Povarskáya Street

Also known as the major

An unnamed major supervising a line of wounded men’s carts. He grants Natásha permission to shelter wounded officers in the Rostóvs’ house.

The wounded officers brought to the Rostóvs’ house

Also known as the wounded men

Unnamed wounded men whom Natásha and Mávra Kuzmínichna invite into the Rostóvs’ yard and home as Moscow is evacuated.

The Rostóvs’ servants and household workers

Also known as the housekeeper, the old nurse, the cooks, coachmen, maids, footmen, postilions, and scullions

Unnamed members of the household who gather at the gate to watch the wounded arrive and help prepare the Rostóvs’ departure.

Madame Schoss’s daughter

Also known as her daughter

An unnamed woman visited by Madame Schoss during the Moscow unrest.

The butler’s assistant

Also known as the assistant

An unnamed household worker who objects when Natásha repacks the Rostóvs’ carpets and china, then helps press a case shut.

The major-domo at the Rostóvs’ house

Also known as the major-domo · Vasílich

An unnamed senior household servant who oversees packing and initially refuses requests to transport wounded men. Count Rostóv orders him to make room in the carts.

Matrëna Timoféevna

Also known as the countess’s lady’s maid

The countess’s longtime lady’s maid, who now performs a role like a chief guard in the household. She tells the countess that Madame Schoss is offended and that the young ladies’ summer dresses cannot be left behind.

The spirit dealer in Myasnítski Street

Also known as the spirit dealer

An unnamed shopkeeper whose premises are surrounded by a drunken crowd breaking open barrels during the Moscow unrest.

The cabman who drives Madame Schoss

Also known as the cabman

An unnamed driver who takes Madame Schoss home by a side street and tells her that people are breaking into the drink store.

The household servants packing the Rostóvs’ belongings

Also known as the servants

Unnamed servants who hurry through the Rostóvs’ house and yard, packing and disputing over preparations for departure.

The Rostóvs’ wounded general

Also known as the wounded man in the calèche · Prince Andrew Bolkónski

Prince Andrew, who is brought to the Rostóvs’ house in a covered calèche after being wounded at Borodinó. His attendant and doctor fear he will not survive the journey.

The Rostóvs’ wounded prince’s doctor and escort

Also known as the doctor and two soldiers

An unnamed doctor and two soldiers who follow Prince Andrew’s covered calèche to the Rostóvs’ home.

Matrëna Timoféevna at the Rostóvs’ evacuation

Also known as Matrëna Timoféevna

The countess’s former lady’s maid, now acting as her chief guard. She reports that Madame Schoss is offended because her trunk was taken off a cart to make room for wounded men.

The Rostóvs’ carters and estate peasants

Also known as the peasants who came with the carts

Unnamed workers who arrive with carts from the Rostóvs’ estates and carry household possessions during the evacuation.

M. de Beausset

Also known as the prefect of the French Emperor’s palace · de Beausset

The prefect of Napoleon’s palace, who brings the Emperor a portrait of his son. At Borodinó, he respectfully suggests lunch and fails to grasp the significance of Napoleon’s grim response to the battle.

Murat’s adjutant at Borodinó

Also known as the handsome lad with long black curls · the handsome boy adjutant

An unnamed, handsome young officer sent by Murat to ask Napoleon for reinforcements. Napoleon refuses his request, and he returns to the fighting.

Caulaincourt

A leading French diplomat and courtier in Napoleon’s circle. At Borodinó, Napoleon summons him and Berthier to discuss matters unrelated to the battle.

Belliard

A French general who arrives at Napoleon’s knoll and urgently argues that reinforcements are needed. Napoleon sends him to inspect the fighting again.

General Claparède

Also known as Claparède

A French general whose division Napoleon first orders forward as reinforcements, then replaces with Friant’s division.

General Friant

Also known as Friant

A French general whose division Napoleon orders forward after reversing his decision to send Claparède’s division.

The general offering to lead the Old Guard

Also known as the general

An unnamed French general who offers to lead the Old Guard into battle. Ney and Berthier regard the offer as senseless, and Napoleon refuses to risk the Guard.

The adjutant reporting the artillery fire

Also known as the adjutant

An unnamed officer who tells Napoleon that the concentrated fire of two hundred guns has failed to dislodge the Russians.

The generals in Napoleon’s suite

Also known as the generals of the suite

Unnamed French generals gathered around Napoleon at Borodinó. They hear Belliard’s plea for reinforcements and share the grim awareness that the battle is unlike Napoleon’s earlier victories.

The Duke of Württemberg

Also known as the duke

A senior commander whom Kutúzov asks to take command of the First Army after hearing that Bagratión is wounded. The duke asks for more troops, and Kutúzov recalls him and assigns the command to Dokhtúrov.

Scherbínin

A Russian officer who brings Kutúzov news from the left flank that the French have captured the flèches and Semënovsk.

Wolzogen

Also known as Adjutant General Wolzogen

A German military adviser associated with abstract plans. At Borodinó he reports Barclay de Tolly’s view that the battle is lost; Kutúzov angrily rejects his account and orders him to tell Barclay that the Russians will attack the next day.

Prince Bagratión

Also known as Bagratión · Prince Peter Ivánovich Bagratión

A Russian commander whose forces hold the left flank at Borodinó. He is wounded during the battle; Kutúzov sends an adjutant to learn his condition.

Uvárov

Also known as Theodore Uvárov

A Russian commander whose cavalry puts the French to flight on their left flank at Borodinó.

Kaysárov

Also known as Kutúzov’s adjutant

Kutúzov’s adjutant, ordered to write the next day’s order of the day. He attends the council of war at Filí.

Count Ostermann-Tolstóy

Also known as Ostermann

A Russian commander at the council of war at Filí, where he sits absorbed in thought.

Crosart

A newly arrived Frenchman in a Spanish uniform who describes the battle of Salamanca during the gathering on Poklónny Hill.

The German prince serving with the Russian army

Also known as one of the German princes

An unnamed German prince serving with the Russian army, who discusses with Crosart whether Moscow could be defended like Saragossa.

The adjutant sent by Milorádovich

Also known as the adjutant

An unnamed officer who arrives while Kutúzov is considering a proposed move toward the Kalúga road and asks whether Milorádovich should engage the French or retreat.

Andrew Savostyánov

Also known as the peasant whose hut hosts the council

A peasant whose hut in Filí hosts the council of war. His six-year-old granddaughter Malásha remains in the room during the meeting.

The adjutant who rides to Prince Bagratión

Also known as one of Kutúzov’s adjutants

An unnamed officer whom Kutúzov sends to find out exactly how badly Prince Bagratión is wounded.

The adjutant returning from the Duke of Württemberg

Also known as the duke’s adjutant

An unnamed officer who tells Kutúzov that the Duke of Württemberg is asking for more troops.

The adjutant announcing Murat’s capture

Also known as an adjutant

An unnamed officer who brings Kutúzov news that Murat has been captured.

The adjutant sent to spread news of Murat’s capture

Also known as an adjutant

An unnamed officer whom Kutúzov sends to circulate news of Murat’s capture through the Russian army.

The officer ordered to announce the attack

Also known as another

An unnamed officer whom Kutúzov orders to ride along the line and announce that the Russians will attack the next day.

Prince Prozoróvski

A commander under whom Kutúzov served in Turkey. Kutúzov recalls that the honors awarded to Prozoróvski had galled him.

The French general reporting a request for reinforcements

Also known as the prince

An unnamed French commander whose request for reinforcements is conveyed to Napoleon by an adjutant.

The artillery commander on the Semënovsk heights

Also known as the artillery commander

An unnamed French officer who proposes concentrating more artillery on the Semënovsk heights. Napoleon agrees and orders a report on its effect.

The doctor at the Borodinó dressing station

Also known as one of the doctors · the spectacled doctor

An unnamed surgeon at the dressing station who operates on Prince Andrew, removing bone fragments and damaged tissue from his wounds. After the operation, he silently kisses Andrew on the lips.

The dresser who points out Prince Andrew

Also known as the dresser

An unnamed medical attendant who points Prince Andrew out to the surgeon at the dressing station.

The Tartar at the dressing station

Also known as the Cossack

An unnamed wounded soldier, apparently a Cossack, held down by four soldiers while a surgeon cuts into his back.

The tall wounded man with the amputated leg

Also known as the wounded man whose head seems familiar

An unnamed, well-fed wounded man whose head looks familiar to Prince Andrew. After doctors amputate his leg, Andrew recognizes him as Anatole Kurágin.

The doctor's assistant at Anatole’s operation

Also known as one of the doctors

An unnamed doctor who assists in the operation to amputate Anatole’s leg.

The dressers at the Borodinó dressing station

Also known as the dressers

Unnamed medical attendants who prepare the wounded for treatment, hold patients down during operations, and assist the surgeons.

The four soldiers holding the Tartar

Also known as the soldiers

Unnamed soldiers who hold down the wounded Tartar while the surgeon operates on his back.

The tall black-haired noncommissioned officer at the dressing station

Also known as the wounded noncommissioned officer with a bandaged head

A handsome, feverish noncommissioned officer wounded in the head and leg. He tells the wounded and stretcher-bearers that the Russians drove the French back and captured their king.

The militiamen carrying Prince Andrew

Also known as the peasants with stretchers · the peasants

Unnamed peasant militiamen who carry Prince Andrew on a stretcher from the battlefield to the dressing station. They struggle to keep in step until one calls to Fëdor.

Fëdor, the stretcher-bearer

Also known as the foremost peasant · Fëdor

An unnamed peasant stretcher-bearer who tells a companion named Fëdor to get in step while they carry Prince Andrew.

The second peasant stretcher-bearer

Also known as the one behind

An unnamed peasant who carries Prince Andrew’s stretcher and happily notes when he has found the right pace.

The adjutant beside Prince Andrew’s regiment

Also known as the adjutant

An unnamed officer who obeys Prince Andrew’s order to prevent the regiment from crowding together. He throws himself down when a shell lands nearby.

The battalion commander beside Prince Andrew

Also known as the battalion commander · the major

An unnamed commander who rides up to Prince Andrew’s regiment as a shell lands nearby; his horse bolts in terror.

The soldier warning Prince Andrew

Also known as the soldier

An unnamed soldier who cries out a warning as a shell falls near Prince Andrew and the battalion commander.

The Russian soldiers at the dressing station

Also known as the soldier stretcher-bearers

Unnamed soldiers, wounded and unwounded, who gather around the dressing tents and watch the treatment of the wounded despite officers’ attempts to clear the area.

The officers keeping order at the dressing station

Also known as the officers

Unnamed officers who try to keep the crowds of soldiers away from the dressing tents.

The dressers fetching water at the dressing station

Also known as the dressers

Unnamed medical attendants who run from the tents to fetch water and identify which wounded men should be brought in.

The wounded waiting outside the tents

Also known as the wounded men

Unnamed wounded soldiers waiting for treatment, some groaning, weeping, shouting, swearing, delirious, or asking for vodka.

The man whose leg is amputated beside Prince Andrew

Also known as the tall, well-fed man

An unnamed wounded man whose head looks familiar to Prince Andrew. Surgeons amputate his leg; Andrew recognizes him as Anatole Kurágin.

The doctor operating on the Tartar

Also known as the spectacled doctor

An unnamed surgeon who cuts into the Tartar’s back, then helps operate on Prince Andrew and amputate Anatole’s leg.

The doctors operating on Anatole

Also known as the two doctors

Two unnamed surgeons who amputate Anatole Kurágin’s leg.

The soldier offering Anatole water

Also known as one of the men supporting him

An unnamed man who supports Anatole and offers him water after his leg is amputated.

The soldiers supporting Anatole

Also known as the men supporting him

Unnamed men who support Anatole and offer him water after his leg is amputated.

The Moscow commanders gathered on Poklónny Hill

Also known as the generals

Unnamed Russian generals who gather around Kutúzov to discuss whether the army can defend Moscow.

The Russian soldiers and civilians in the Moscow retreat

Also known as the wounded and unwounded men · the exhausted men

Unnamed people from both armies who are hungry, exhausted, wounded, or still fighting as the armies withdraw from Borodinó toward Moscow.

The peasant family in the Filí council hut

Also known as the men, women, and children

The unnamed large family of Andrew Savostyánov, crowded into the back room while Russian generals meet in their hut.

The marshal who reports to Napoleon

Also known as the general

An unnamed French commander who reports to Napoleon that the concentrated artillery fire has not dislodged the Russians.

The troops of the Old Guard

Also known as the Old Guard

Napoleon’s elite reserve, kept out of the fighting at Borodinó. Napoleon refuses to risk their destruction so far from France.

The Russian army at Borodinó

Also known as the Russian army

Russian troops who hold their position through the battle despite losing half their strength. Their resistance breaks the French army’s morale.

The French army at Borodinó

Also known as the French army

Napoleon’s multinational invading army, whose exhausted and disorganized troops fail to drive the Russians from their position at Borodinó.

The artillerymen at Borodinó

Also known as the artillerymen

Unnamed gunners on both sides who continue to load and fire despite exhaustion and heavy losses.

The small brown dog at Prince Andrew’s regiment

Also known as the dog

A small brown dog that trots in front of the regiment, then yelps and runs aside when a shell falls nearby.

The horse of the ammunition cart

Also known as the trace horse

An unnamed horse pulling an ammunition cart that gets its leg over a trace as the cart passes Prince Andrew’s regiment.

The officers and soldiers in Napoleon’s army

Also known as the generals, officers, and soldiers

Unnamed French troops who, after repeated failed attacks at Borodinó, lack the spirit to advance the Old Guard and make another decisive effort.

The French and Russian soldiers at Borodinó

Also known as the men of both sides

Unnamed soldiers who, exhausted by the end of the battle, question why they are killing one another yet continue fighting under the pressures of the moment.

The French and Russian generals at Borodinó

Also known as the generals

Unnamed commanders on both sides who experience the exhaustion and fear of the battle, despite their prior experience of victory.

The crows at the dressing station

Also known as the crows

Crows that gather among the birch trees near the dressing station, drawn by the smell of blood.

The sparrows at the dressing station

Also known as the sparrows

Sparrows that peck at oats dropped from the horses’ troughs near the dressing station.

The horse of the battalion commander

Also known as the horse

The battalion commander’s horse, which rears and bolts when a shell lands nearby, spreading fear among the soldiers.

The Russian and French soldiers retreating from Borodinó

Also known as the crowds of men

Unnamed wounded and unwounded soldiers who drag themselves back toward Mozháysk or Valúevo, while other exhausted troops move forward or continue firing.

The Davýdov family

The family whose fields and meadows near Borodinó become part of the battlefield.

The crown serfs of Borodinó

Unnamed peasants who have farmed and grazed cattle on the crown lands where the battle of Borodinó is fought.

The peasants of Borodinó, Górki, Shevárdino, and Semënovsk

Unnamed local peasants who have harvested and grazed cattle on the fields where the battle takes place.

The commander of the hospitals

Also known as the chief of the hospitals

An unnamed official who asks the Russian commander in chief where the wounded should be sent during the retreat toward Moscow.

The commissary general

An unnamed official who asks where the army’s stores should be taken during the retreat toward Moscow.

Clausewitz

A German military thinker who rides past Prince Andrew with Wolzogen at Borodinó, discussing the war in terms that dismiss the losses of individual soldiers.

The Cossack accompanying Wolzogen and Clausewitz

Also known as the Cossack

An unnamed Cossack riding with Wolzogen and Clausewitz as they pass Prince Andrew before the battle of Borodinó.

Colonel Fabvier

Also known as Fabvier

A French colonel who arrives at Napoleon’s quarters with M. de Beausset and reports on the French troops’ fighting at Salamanca.

Napoleon’s valet rubbing him

Also known as the valet who rubs Napoleon

An unnamed valet who rubs Napoleon during his morning toilet.

Napoleon’s valet sprinkling Eau de Cologne

Also known as the other valet

An unnamed valet who sprinkles Eau de Cologne on Napoleon while he is dressing.

Napoleon’s aide-de-camp reporting the prisoners

Also known as the aide-de-camp

An unnamed aide-de-camp who reports the number of prisoners taken in the previous day’s action and later admits M. de Beausset and Fabvier.

The aide-de-camp with Napoleon’s snuffbox

Also known as an aide-de-camp

An unnamed aide-de-camp who brings Napoleon a gold snuffbox during his reception of M. de Beausset.

Napoleon’s two valets dressing him

Also known as the two valets

Unnamed valets who dress Napoleon after his morning toilet.

Gérard

Also known as the painter Gérard

The painter of the portrait of Napoleon’s son, the King of Rome, which M. de Beausset brings to the Emperor.

The King of Rome

Also known as the son and heir of Napoleon · Napoleon’s son

Napoleon and Marie Louise’s young son, depicted in a portrait playing with a ball and stick that symbolize the globe and a scepter. Napoleon orders the portrait shown to the Old Guard, then removed before the boy is exposed to the battlefield.

Napoleon’s marshals

Also known as the marshals

French commanders who gather around Napoleon before Borodinó and submit plans for the battle.

General Campan

Also known as Campan

A French general whose division is ordered to attack the Russian fortifications through the woods at Borodinó. His troops are driven back, and he is wounded.

General Pernetti

Also known as Pernetti · the commander of the artillery of the 1st Corps

The French artillery commander of the 1st Corps, ordered to advance guns against the Russian batteries and entrenchments.

General Dessaix

Also known as Dessaix

A French general whose division advances against the Russian flèches at Borodinó.

General Fouché

Also known as Fouché · the commander of the artillery of the 3rd Corps

The French artillery commander of the 3rd Corps, ordered to position howitzers against the Russian left.

General Sorbier

Also known as Sorbier

A French general ordered to be ready to advance the Guard’s howitzers against either Russian entrenchment.

Prince Poniatowski

Also known as Poniatowski

A commander whose action against Utítsa is described as separate from the main course of the battle. Napoleon orders him to move through the woods toward a village and turn the Russian position, but Túchkov blocks his advance.

General Morand

Also known as Morand

A French general whose division is ordered to advance toward the redoubt at Borodinó under the vice-King’s leadership; the division is driven back.

General Gérard

Also known as Gérard

A French general whose division is ordered to advance toward the redoubt at Borodinó under the vice-King’s leadership; the division is driven back.

Napoleon’s valet who omitted the waterproof boots

Also known as the valet

An unnamed valet whom historians speculate failed to bring Napoleon his waterproof boots, in a hypothetical explanation of Napoleon’s cold and its supposed effect on the battle.

Charles IX

The French king whose order is associated with the Massacre of St. Bartholomew; the narrator cites an explanation that blames his stomach illness.

The French soldiers at Borodinó

Also known as the French army

French, Italian, German, Polish, and Dutch soldiers who, weary and hungry, choose to fight at Borodinó in hopes of taking Moscow. The narrator argues that their decision and the battle’s course were not controlled by Napoleon’s orders.

Rapp

Also known as the adjutant in attendance

An adjutant attending Napoleon before Borodinó. He discusses the army’s condition and confirms that the Guards have their rice and biscuits.

Corvisart

Napoleon’s physician, who gives him lozenges for his cold.

The tall guardsman on sentry duty

Also known as the guardsman

An unnamed Old Guard soldier standing sentry outside Napoleon’s tent. Napoleon asks when he entered service and whether his regiment has received rice.

The adjutant who tells Pierre it is time

Also known as the adjutant

An unnamed adjutant who rides past Pierre at Górki with a Cossack and urges him that it is time.

The Cossack accompanying the adjutant at Górki

Also known as the Cossack

An unnamed Cossack riding with the adjutant who passes Pierre at Górki on the morning of the battle.

The general beside Kutúzov at Górki

Also known as the general

An unnamed general whom Kutúzov sends toward the crossing. Pierre follows him toward the battlefield.

The Cossack who brings the general’s horse

Also known as a Cossack

An unnamed Cossack who brings a horse for the general beside Kutúzov.

The soldiers firing at the Kolochá bridge

Also known as the soldiers

Unnamed Russian soldiers at the bridge between Górki and Borodinó, where they initially oppose the French attack.

The soldiers who rebuke Pierre on horseback

Also known as the soldiers

Unnamed Russian infantrymen who shout at Pierre for riding into their ranks and prod his horse aside.

The stout colonel in the meadow

Also known as the colonel

An unnamed colonel standing in the meadow near the bridge. Raévski’s adjutant gives him a message before taking Pierre onward.

The wounded soldier in the hayfield

Also known as the soldier lying in the hay

An unnamed soldier lying dead or gravely wounded among the rows of cut hay near the bridge.

The senior artillery officer at Raévski’s Redoubt

Also known as the tall, long-legged, pockmarked man · the senior officer

An unnamed artillery officer commanding at Raévski’s Redoubt. He orders grapeshot and ammunition resupply as the French attack intensifies, then is killed during the fighting.

The young artillery officer at Raévski’s Redoubt

Also known as the young round-faced officer · the young officer

A very young artillery officer, newly out of the Cadet College, who commands two guns at Raévski’s Redoubt. He is wounded and sits doubled over in a pool of blood.

The red-faced soldier at Raévski’s Redoubt

Also known as the red-faced, broad-shouldered soldier · the red-faced humorist

An unnamed broad-shouldered artilleryman who jokes with Pierre about fear and shells. He is badly wounded during the fighting and remains at the redoubt.

The old sergeant at Raévski’s Redoubt

Also known as the old sergeant

An unnamed sergeant who rebukes soldiers for watching the retreating front line and urges them to mind their work.

The militiamen carrying the wounded

Also known as the militiamen · the peasants

Unnamed peasant militiamen who enter Raévski’s battery to carry away wounded men, hesitating at one whose leg has been torn off.

The infantry general who visits the battery

Also known as the general

An unnamed general who comes to the battery, speaks with its colonel, and orders the infantry supports to lie down under fire.

The pale young infantry officer

Also known as the young officer

An unnamed young officer who walks backward uneasily as the infantry advances, then disappears into the smoke with his unit.

The artilleryman sent for ammunition

Also known as the man ordered to go for ammunition

An unnamed artilleryman ordered to bring ammunition boxes from the reserves. He tells Pierre that the battery is no place for him.

The French officer Pierre seizes at the redoubt

Also known as the French officer

An unnamed French officer in a blue uniform who rushes at Pierre with a sword inside Raévski’s Redoubt. The two seize each other in confusion, then separate when a cannonball passes overhead.

The Russian soldier shouting “Brothers!”

Also known as the soldier shouting “Brothers!”

An unnamed Russian soldier captured by the French at Raévski’s Redoubt, struggling against those holding him.

The Russian soldier bayoneted in the back

Also known as the other man

An unnamed Russian soldier bayoneted during the French occupation of Raévski’s Redoubt.

The Russian soldiers counterattacking Raévski’s Redoubt

Also known as the Russian troops

Unnamed Russian soldiers who charge the battery shouting “Hurrah!” and drive the French from the redoubt.

The French general captured at Raévski’s Redoubt

Also known as the wounded French general

An unnamed French general wounded and captured when the Russians retake the redoubt.

The French troops attacking Borodinó

Also known as the French

Unnamed French troops who occupy Borodinó and attack the bridge across the Kolochá, but are driven back and lose the bridge, which the Russians burn.

The Russian soldiers at the Kolochá bridge

Also known as the Russians

Unnamed Russian soldiers who retake and burn the bridge across the Kolochá during the early fighting at Borodinó.

The adjutant reporting from Murat

Also known as an adjutant

An unnamed French adjutant who reports to Napoleon that Murat’s troops have occupied Borodinó and asks whether they should cross the bridge; by then the Russians have retaken it.

The adjutant reporting from the flèches

Also known as an adjutant

An unnamed French adjutant who falsely reports that the attack on the flèches has been repulsed, Campan wounded, and Davout killed.

The general on duty at Kutúzov’s headquarters

Also known as the general on duty

An unnamed general who asks Kutúzov to come inside to review plans and sign papers.

Kutúzov’s adjutant at Tsárevo-Zaymíshche

Also known as the adjutant

An unnamed adjutant who explains that the priest’s wife plans to welcome Kutúzov with bread and salt and invites Prince Andrew to lunch.

The priest’s wife at Tsárevo-Zaymíshche

Also known as the priest’s wife

An unnamed, handsome woman whose husband has welcomed Kutúzov at the church. She tries to offer him bread and salt, then follows him to his quarters.

Madame de Genlis

Also known as Genlis

The author of Les Chevaliers du Cygne, the French novel Kutúzov reads.

Kámenski

Also known as Count Kámensky

A Russian commander whose costly assaults on fortresses Kutúzov contrasts with his own patient conduct of the Turkish campaign.

Karpúshka Chigírin

Also known as Karpushka Chigirin

A fictional Moscow burgher featured in Rostopchín’s broadsheets, where he angrily mocks the French after hearing they intend to enter Moscow.

Vasíli Lvóvich Púshkin

Also known as Vasily Lvovich Pushkin

A Russian writer whose bouts rimés are discussed alongside Rostopchín’s broadsheets.

Julie Karágina

Also known as Julie Drubetskáya · the daughter of Márya Lvóvna Karágina · Princess Drubetskáya

Borís Drubetskóy’s wife and a wealthy society woman. As she prepares to leave Moscow, she hosts a farewell gathering and teases Pierre about his supposed attachment to Natásha.

The militia officer at Julie’s farewell

Also known as Julie’s chevalier · mon chevalier · the young man in militia uniform

An unnamed young man in militia uniform who is accompanying Julie to Nízhni. He jokes about Pierre and the Rostóvs and argues that Count Rostóv could pay his debts if he managed his affairs well.

The Russian writer at Julie’s farewell

Also known as the Russian writer · the author

An unnamed writer who corrects Julie’s Russian and participates in the conversation at her farewell gathering.

Barbara Ivánovna

Also known as Barbara Ivanovna

A woman whose reports about the troops and unrest in Moscow frighten the eldest princess; she is said to have been nearly attacked for speaking French.

The two younger princesses in Pierre’s household

Also known as the two younger ones

Two younger nieces of Count Bezúkhov who have married and no longer live in Pierre’s house.

The French cook accused of spying

Also known as the stout Frenchman · the man with red whiskers

An unnamed French cook accused of being a spy and flogged by the authorities in Moscow. He tries to appear firm but breaks down crying afterward.

The second French criminal at Lóbnoe Place

Also known as the thin and pale Frenchman

An unnamed, thin Frenchman who stands near the cook after the flogging and is about to be undressed for punishment.

The executioner at Lóbnoe Place

Also known as the executioner

An unnamed executioner who releases the flogged French cook from the bench and prepares the other prisoner for punishment.

The wrinkled clerk at Lóbnoe Place

Also known as the clerk

An unnamed clerk in the crowd who jokes about the French cook’s distress, prompting some onlookers to laugh.

Pierre’s coachman on the drive through Moscow

Also known as the coachman

An unnamed driver whom Pierre angrily redirects home after realizing he must leave Moscow for the army.

Evstáfey

Also known as Pierre’s head coachman

Pierre’s head coachman, known throughout Moscow and able to arrange almost anything. He organizes Pierre’s departure for the army and sends his saddle horses ahead.

The soldiers wounded at Shevárdino

Also known as the wounded soldiers

Unnamed Russian soldiers carried in carts toward Moscow after the engagement at Shevárdino.

The wounded old soldier asking about Moscow

Also known as the old soldier with a bandaged arm

An unnamed wounded soldier walking beside a cart who asks Pierre whether the wounded will be taken to Moscow.

The wounded soldier with the swollen cheek

Also known as the soldier with his head wrapped in rags

An unnamed wounded soldier in a cart whose face is badly swollen. He mutters reproachfully at the cavalry singers.

The fair-haired wounded recruit

Also known as the young lad · the recruit

An unnamed young, fair-haired soldier in a cart, pale from blood loss and looking kindly at Pierre.

The wounded soldier lying in the cart

Also known as the third wounded man

An unnamed wounded soldier lying prone in a cart, his face hidden from Pierre.

The peasant drivers of the wounded convoy

Also known as the peasant drivers

Unnamed drivers who haul the wounded soldiers toward Moscow in carts.

The cavalry singers descending the Mozháysk hill

Also known as the singers

Unnamed soldiers who sing as their cavalry regiment descends the hill past the wounded convoy.

The head army doctor

Also known as the army doctor

An unnamed senior Russian doctor whom Pierre meets on the road near Mozháysk. He advises Pierre to apply to Kutúzov and warns that the army lacks enough medical staff and equipment for the expected casualties.

The young surgeon traveling with the head army doctor

Also known as the young surgeon

An unnamed surgeon accompanying the head army doctor in his covered gig.

The Cossack driving the head army doctor

Also known as the Cossack

An unnamed Cossack seated at the driver’s place in the head army doctor’s gig.

The two officers directing the militia at Górki

Also known as the officers on the knoll

Unnamed officers who direct peasant militiamen digging earthworks near Górki before the battle.

The elderly sergeant at the Borodinó earthworks

Also known as the elderly sergeant

An unnamed sergeant who insists that gabions be sent for while an officer explains the Russian position to Pierre.

The officer who explains the Borodinó position

Also known as the officer who constructed the entrenchments

An unnamed officer who tells Pierre about the Russian center and flanks and says he constructed much of the entrenchments. He predicts that many men will be missing after the battle.

The priest bearing the Smolénsk icon

Also known as the little old man in a hood · the priest

An unnamed elderly priest who leads the procession carrying the Smolénsk Mother of God icon and conducts a service for the army.

The chanter at the icon service

Also known as the chanter

An unnamed church singer who assists the priest during the service for the Smolénsk icon.

The bald general at the icon service

Also known as the bald general

An unnamed general wearing a St. George’s Cross who listens to the service without crossing himself.

The martial general at the icon service

Also known as the other general

An unnamed general who crosses himself with a vigorous gesture while looking around at the crowd.

Borís Drubetskóy

Also known as Borís · her son · her only son · Borís Drubetskáya · Bóry · Bóry Rostóva’s godson

Anna Mikháylovna’s son and Julie Karágina’s husband. At Borodinó he serves with Bennigsen’s party at headquarters and carefully cultivates influence as command and rewards may shift after the battle.

Andrew Kaysárov

Also known as the adjutant’s brother

Kaysárov’s brother, whom Kutúzov calls on to recite verses by Márin about Gerákov.

The general who discusses the Borodinó position with Bennigsen

Also known as the general

An unnamed general who listens as Bennigsen explains the disposition of Russian troops.

Count Wittgenstein

Also known as Wittgenstein

A Russian commander named in a Moscow broadsheet as having defeated the French.

Márin

The author of verses about Gerákov that Kutúzov asks Andrew Kaysárov to recite.

Gerákov

The subject of verses by Márin that Kutúzov recalls and asks Andrew Kaysárov to recite.

The priest at Górki

Also known as the priest

An unnamed priest whose home serves as Kutúzov’s headquarters at Tsárevo-Zaymíshche.

The Russian peasant militiamen at Górki

Also known as the militiamen

Unnamed peasants in white shirts who dig earthworks near Górki before Borodinó. They later wear clean shirts in readiness for battle.

Prince Nicholas Andréevich Bolkónski

Also known as General in Chief Prince Nicholas Andréevich · the old prince · the King of Prussia · Prince Nicholas Bolkónski · Prince Bolkónski

Princess Mary and Prince Andrew’s father. He suffers a paralyzing stroke at Bald Hills, briefly regains enough clarity to speak tenderly with Mary and ask for Andrew, then dies at Boguchárovo.

The doctor attending the old prince

Also known as the doctor

An unnamed physician who treats Prince Nicholas Andréevich after his stroke and accompanies him to Boguchárovo. He tells Princess Mary when her father is able to receive her and later prevents her from entering his room before his final stroke.

The old prince’s household nurse

Also known as her nurse · the nurse

An unnamed nurse in the old prince’s household who is present in his room near his death and tries to dissuade Princess Mary from addressing the peasants.

The old prince’s militia recruits

Also known as the militiamen

Unnamed men from the villages whom Prince Nicholas Andréevich arms to defend Bald Hills. Some support him when he falls ill.

The domestic serfs at Bald Hills

Also known as the serfs · the domestics

Unnamed household workers at Bald Hills who help support the stricken old prince and later appear among those gathered around his coffin.

The Marshal of the Nobility for the Boguchárovo district

Also known as the Marshal · the provincial Marshal of the Nobility

An unnamed local noble official who urges Princess Mary to leave Boguchárovo before the French arrive. He comes to her home on the day her father dies but cannot return for the funeral after the French advance.

The head of the rural police

Also known as the head of the rural police

An unnamed local official who warns Princess Mary that the French are nearby and urges her to remove her father before the fifteenth.

The French general whose proclamation reaches Boguchárovo

Also known as General Rameau · M. le Général Rameau

A French general whose proclamation promises protection and payment for supplies to inhabitants who remain in their homes. Mademoiselle Bourienne urges Princess Mary to appeal to him.

The inhabitants of Boguchárovo

Also known as the peasants · the steppe peasants · the commune

The village’s quitrent-paying peasants, whose rumors and contact with the French shape their decision to stay rather than flee. They refuse Princess Mary’s grain, then prevent her departure, believing they have orders to remain.

Alpátych

Also known as Yákov Alpátych · the overseer

Prince Nicholas Andréevich’s longtime steward and Princess Mary’s trusted estate manager. He tries to arrange her evacuation, but the Boguchárovo peasants resist; he summons Nicholas Rostóv, whose arrival ends the revolt.

The peasants’ meeting speaker

Also known as the voice at the back of the crowd

An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who tells Princess Mary that the villagers will not take the landlord’s grain.

The very old peasant with a stick

Also known as the old man leaning on his stick

An unnamed elderly Boguchárovo peasant who tells Princess Mary that the villagers do not want her grain.

The old peasant whose son was conscripted

Also known as the little old man

An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who accuses Dron of protecting his own son from conscription while the old man’s son Vánka was taken for a soldier.

Vánka

Also known as the old peasant’s son

The son of an unnamed Boguchárovo peasant, conscripted into the army.

The two tall old peasants at the tavern

Also known as the two tall peasants · the old men

Two unnamed, drunken Boguchárovo peasants who approach Nicholas Rostóv and Ilyín singing when the officers arrive.

The short peasant asking about the Russian force

Also known as the short man

An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who asks Nicholas Rostóv whether many Russian troops are nearby.

The Boguchárovo peasants who praise Alpátych

Also known as the two peasants

Two unnamed peasants who follow Alpátych and address him familiarly when he brings Rostóv to Princess Mary.

The two drunken peasants who follow the prisoners

Also known as the two drunken peasants

Unnamed villagers who follow Karp and Dron after their arrest and rebuke them for resisting the landowners.

The peasant packing the casket

Also known as the man with a round smiling face

An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who carefully packs a casket into Princess Mary’s carriage.

The peasant carrying Prince Andrew’s library

Also known as the other peasant

An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who carries out Prince Andrew’s bookcases and remarks on the weight of the books.

The round-faced peasant packing the books

Also known as the tall, round-faced peasant

An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who oversees the careful packing and jokes that Prince Andrew worked all day rather than play.

The village Elder at the old prince’s coffin

Also known as the village Elder

An unnamed village Elder among the people who gather around Prince Nicholas Andréevich’s coffin.

The peasant women at the old prince’s coffin

Also known as the peasant women

Unnamed women who gather with the Marshal and village Elder to pay their respects at Prince Nicholas Andréevich’s coffin.

The old prince’s daughter-in-law

Also known as the old sister-in-law

An unnamed older woman who puts a bundle into Alpátych’s carriage before he leaves for Smolénsk.

Antichrist

A figure in the Boguchárovo peasants’ rumors, associated with the French invasion, the end of the world, and the promise of freedom.

Peter Fëdorovich

A name in the Boguchárovo peasants’ rumor that he will return to the throne in seven years and bring freedom.

The peasants who joined the migration to the warm rivers

Also known as the migrants

Unnamed peasants, including Dron and people from Boguchárovo, who joined a mass movement toward imagined warm rivers about twenty years earlier. Many were punished, died on the road, or returned.

The peasant bringing French money from Visloúkhovo

Also known as the peasant from Visloúkhovo

An unnamed peasant who brings back a French general’s proclamation and one hundred rubles paid in advance for hay, not knowing the notes are false.

The village Elder who meets the Marshal

Also known as the village Elder

An unnamed local official whom the Marshal of the Nobility meets while urging Princess Mary to leave.

The village coachman who runs away

Also known as the coachman

An unnamed coachman who flees when Rostóv and the other cavalrymen are mistaken for French soldiers.

The two women who approach the officers

Also known as the two women

Unnamed women who come from the big house toward Nicholas Rostóv and Ilyín when the officers arrive at Boguchárovo.

The peasant who asks Rostóv who he belongs to

Also known as the man who came out of the crowd

An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who questions the arriving officers about whom they serve.

Ilyín

Also known as the young officer · the cornet

A young officer in Nicholas Rostóv’s regiment and his devoted protégé. He rides with Rostóv to Boguchárovo and flirts with Dunyásha.

Lavrúshka

Also known as Lavwúska

Denísov’s former orderly, who has returned from French captivity and now accompanies Nicholas Rostóv. He helps seize Karp during the Boguchárovo revolt.

The hussar orderly accompanying Rostóv

Also known as the orderly

An unnamed hussar orderly who rides with Nicholas Rostóv and Ilyín to Boguchárovo and holds Rostóv’s horse.

Donéts

Nicholas Rostóv’s chestnut horse, which he rides into Boguchárovo.

The village meeting speaker opposing Dron

Also known as another peasant

An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who claims there is an order not to move or take away any grain.

The Marshal of the Nobility who visits Princess Mary

Also known as the Marshal of the Nobility of the district · the provincial Marshal of the Nobility

An unnamed local noble official who urges Princess Mary to evacuate before the French arrive. He personally presses her to leave and meets her again after her father’s final stroke.

The two peasants ordered to bind Karp

Also known as the two men

Unnamed Boguchárovo peasants who obey Alpátych’s order to help bind Karp.

The two peasants who bind Dron

Also known as two more peasants

Unnamed Boguchárovo peasants who bind Dron after Nicholas Rostóv identifies him as the village Elder.

The peasant who receives the casket from a housemaid

Also known as the man with a round smiling face

An unnamed Boguchárovo peasant who carefully packs a casket while the villagers prepare Princess Mary’s belongings for departure.

The swarthy lieutenant colonel of hussars at headquarters

Also known as Lieutenant Colonel Denísov · Váska Denísov

Denísov, Nicholas Rostóv’s friend, who meets Prince Andrew while waiting for Kutúzov. He describes his proposed attack on the French line of communication and is invited to remain at headquarters.

The commander in chief’s orderly

Also known as the smart orderly

An unnamed, smartly dressed orderly at Kutúzov’s headquarters who answers a hussar lieutenant colonel curtly when asked whether Kutúzov is there.

The orderlies, courier, and major-domo at headquarters

Also known as the two orderlies · the courier · the major-domo

Unnamed members of Kutúzov’s staff waiting near the priest’s house while the commander in chief reviews the troops.

The general with a portfolio

Also known as the general

An unnamed general who appears at Kutúzov’s headquarters carrying a portfolio and reports that he is ready.

Intendant General Kiríl Andréevich Denísov

Also known as Kiríl Andréevich Denísov · Denísov’s uncle

Denísov’s uncle, a former friend of Kutúzov. Kutúzov recognizes the family connection when Denísov presents his plan.

The Cossack at the gate

Also known as the Cossack

An unnamed Cossack who announces that Kutúzov is approaching.

The guard of honor at Kutúzov’s arrival

Also known as the guard of honor · the Grenadiers

A group of decorated Grenadiers who salute Kutúzov as he arrives at Tsárevo-Zaymíshche.

The generals and officers in Kutúzov’s suite

Also known as the huge suite

Unnamed officers and generals who accompany Kutúzov during his review and arrival at headquarters.

The two peasants who follow Alpátych

Also known as the two peasants

Two unnamed Boguchárovo peasants who remain close to Alpátych as he approaches Nicholas Rostóv.

Pfuel

Also known as the chief author of the plan of campaign

A German military theorist who devised the Drissa campaign plan. The plan is abandoned after Paulucci influences Alexander.

Paulucci

Also known as Marquis Paulucci · the Sardinian émigré

An outspoken general who influences Alexander to abandon Pfuel’s plan; the narrator says he hoped to become commander in chief.

Grand Duke Constantine Pávlovich

Also known as the Grand Duke · the Tsarévich · His Imperial Highness

The Emperor’s brother and commander of the Russian Guards. He remains with the army after Alexander departs, hints that Barclay is a traitor, and demands a general engagement.

Wintzingerode

Also known as our dear Wintzingerode

A foreign general whose presence with other foreign advisers further aggravates relations among the Russian commanders.

The Polish adjutants general in Barclay’s circle

Also known as Lubomírski · Bronnítski · Wlocki

Polish adjutants general who, with others in their group, stir up conflict at headquarters. Barclay sends them to Petersburg under the pretext of carrying papers to the Emperor.

The general sent to survey the proposed battlefield

Also known as the general

An unnamed general who is sent to inspect a possible battlefield near Smolénsk. Hating Barclay, he visits a friend instead and condemns the position without having seen it.

The corps commander, friend of the surveying general

Also known as the corps commander

An unnamed commander and friend of the general sent to survey the battlefield. The general spends the day with him instead of inspecting the position.

The Emperor’s advisers and adjutants general

Also known as the advisers · the swarm of adjutants general · the eyes of the Emperor

Unnamed advisers and officers around Alexander and the army who offer competing plans and keep Barclay under observation, contributing to indecision.

The Russian commanders and people opposing the retreat

Also known as the commanders and people

Unnamed Russians angered by the army’s withdrawal into the country and the abandonment of Smolénsk.

The inhabitants of Smolénsk

Also known as the inhabitants

Residents who burn their own city after being misled by its governor, then flee toward Moscow, spreading anger against the French.

Raévski’s two sons

Also known as his two sons

Unnamed sons of General Raévski, said in a patriotic story to have stood with him against the French.

Princess Aline

Also known as Aline

A woman in Moscow who sits with Julie Drubetskóy during the war; the text gives no further identification.

Princess Sophie

Also known as Sophie

A woman in Moscow who sits with Julie Drubetskóy during the war; the text gives no further identification.

The “God’s folk” visiting Princess Mary

Also known as the pilgrims · God’s folk

Religious wanderers who sometimes visit Princess Mary at Bald Hills. They bring popular rumors that the invasion is the work of Antichrist.

The old prince’s serf reader

Also known as the serf boy

An unnamed serf boy who reads aloud to the old prince while he dozes in the drawing room.

The governor of Smolénsk

Also known as the Governor · Baron Asch

The civil governor of Smolénsk, addressed by Prince Nicholas Bolkónski and by Barclay de Tolly. He tells Alpátych he is leaving and advises the prince’s family to go to Moscow.

The governor’s official

Also known as the official

An unnamed official at the governor’s office who takes the letters Alpátych brings from Prince Nicholas Bolkónski.

The stout official with a cross

Also known as the stout official with a cross hanging on his neck

An unnamed official whom another official calls into the governor’s room while people wait for news.

The dusty officer at the governor’s house

Also known as the officer

An unnamed, perspiring officer who rushes into the governor’s room speaking French and gives news that frightens the governor.

The ex-captain of police at the governor’s house

Also known as the ex-captain of police · one of the landed gentry

An unnamed landowner who angrily complains at the governor’s house that the authorities have ruined families by failing to provide carts.

The other landed gentleman at the governor’s house

Also known as the other

An unnamed landowner who tries to quiet the ex-captain of police while they wait at the governor’s house.

Ferapóntov

Also known as the innkeeper · the host

A prosperous innkeeper and corn dealer in Smolénsk who has known Alpátych for decades. He beats his wife when she begs to flee, then, as the city is abandoned, tells soldiers to loot his shop and says he will burn it himself.